eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
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Daya Racun Ekstraktif Kulit Kayu Pucung terhadap Rayap Kayu Kering Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light. Toxicity of Pucung-wood Bark Extractives to Dry Wood Termite Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light
Get PDFWood preservation using chemicals may pollute the environment. One of the efforts to reduce the effect is using naturally constituents from plants as preservative. The purpose of this study was to observe the effectiveness of soluble fraction in n-hexane, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate of pucung-wood bark after extracted in acetone to dry wood termite attack on paper disc. Pucung-wood (Pangium edule Reinw.) barks were dried and powdered and then cold-extracted with acetone. Thick extract solution in acetone was extracted in n-hexane solution. Soluble fraction in n-hexane was separated. Remained solution was extracted in diethyl ether. Soluble fraction was separated. Remained solution was extracted in ethyl acetate. Soluble fraction in ethyl acetate was separated. Each of soluble fractions was separated from the solution using evaporation method to obtain dry extracts. Each dry extracts were dissolved in each solution to make solutions with concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. Filter paper was used as sample and soaked in the extract solution for 24 hours. After air-dried, filter paper was placed on petri dish and feed to 50 dry termites for 4 weeks. Results shown that 2.5% extract solution in n-hexane or in ethyl ether, or 5% in acetone or 10% in ethyl acetate were effectively inhibiting dry wood termite attack with mortality of 95 ~ 100%
Pengaruh Ekstrak Bintaro (Carbera odollam Gaertn) dan Kecubung (Brugmansia candida Pers) terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptotermes sp Influence of Bintaro (Carbera odollam Gaertn) and Kecubung (Brugmansia candida Pers) Extract against Subterranean Termite Coptotermes sp
Get PDFSubterranean termite especially Coptotermes sp has been spread widely and has caused a tremendous economical loss. Various chemical compounds have been used to overcome termite attack. However, utilization of chemical could endanger the environment, thus it is important to find another compound which can be used as an environmental friendly wood preservatives. One of the alternatives is to extract natural compound which has an anti-insect peculiarity. Fruits, leaves and barks of Bintaro and Kecubung, especially their leaves and flowers have been widely known as traditional medicine. This paper explains the effects of the extracts of Bintaro (leaves and bark) and Kecubung (leaves) on subterranean termite of Coptotermes sp.Leaves and bark powder of Bintaro and leaves powder of Kecubung were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. Paper disc which has been dropped by the extract solution was used as bait to subterranean termite of Coptotermes sp. The observation of termite mortality was calculated for every two days during 10 days of observation. The result shows that Bintaro leaves extracted with methanol caused 100% termite mortality on last observation. Whereas on Bintaro bark extracted with n-hexane and acetone caused 100% termite mortality on eighth day of the treatment. Kecubung leaves extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate caused 100% termite mortality on last observatio
Service Life of Railway Wood Sleepers in Indonesia
No full textWood offers natural advantages tremendously such as their elasticity, flexibility and resistance against compression as well as force impact. Therefore, wood material is astonishingly better material than concrete for railway sleepers. In spite of wood material’s advantages, the material is susceptible to attack by organisms. This paper observes the service life of wood sleepers in Java, Indonesia. Wood sleepers were observed visually from the ground railway system, Banten Province includes wood species identification macroscopically and organism’s attack. Results reveal that natural wood resistance of the sleepers are relatively high, then sleepers were predicted to be last long. Sleepers wood species are teak (Tectona grandis), balau (Hopea sp.), merbau (Intsia bijuga), and ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri). Sleepers were also found deteriorated by fungus during five months instalment. Decaying fungi observed are Dacryopinax sp., D. spathularia, Lentinus sp., Panus sp., Pycnoporus sp., P. sanguineus, Polyporus spp., Schizophyllum commune, and Trametes sp
Effects of Wood Species and Log Diameter on Veneer Recovery
No full text The total plywood production depends on veneer production due to log consumption. The ratio of veneer volume to log volume was stated as veneer recovery. The veneer recovery was affected by wood species and log diameter. Three wood species of Shorea selanica, Terminalia catapa and Duabanga moluccana were used in this experiment with four levels of log diameters. This experiment used the split block design and orthogonal polynomial analyses for equal space. The statistical analysis shows that wood species, log diameter and their interaction gave significance to highly significant effects on veneer recovery. The regression model for effect of log diameter (X) on veneer recovery (Y) by orthogonal polynomial analysis was Y = 34.373+ 0.429 X, with R2 = 0.736
Perlakuan Enzim pada Serpih Kayu Daun Lebar untuk Refiner Mechanical Pulping (RMP) Enzymatic Pretreatment of Hardwood Chips for Refiner Mechanical Pulping (RMP) Process
No full textThe objective of the study is to examine the influence of 10 l/ ton of Xylanase and Lypase pretreatment on biomechanical pulp of Gmelina and Paracerianthes wood chips with Refiner Mechanical Pulping (RMP) process. The result shows that the enzymatically pretreated of chips can save the electrical consumption of the refiner machine up to 30%, while reducing of 45~50% extractives, and significant improvement of the pulp physical properties compared with control. Two stages of P1 and P2 hydrogen proxide pulp bleaching produced pulp brightness of 65~71.9 % ISO and more than 97% yield bleached pulp. Physical properties of the tensile index and burst index testing result of Gmelina and Paracerianthes mechanical pulp sheet are fairly good
Analisis Levelized Cost of Energy Pelet Kayu (Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis of Wood Pellet)
No full textThe availability of fossil energy resources as an input of production is limited and eventually will be rare. One of potential alternative energy that is recently developed to partly substitute fossil fuels based energy is wood pellet. The objective of this research was to analyze the levelized cost of energy (LCoE) of wood pellet made from wood processing residues. LCoE was the minimum energy prices that should be sold for an energy project to break even. The LCoE of wood pelet was obtained about IDR 259 per kWh or USD 0.02 per kWh. This LCoE value is lower than the LCoE of fossil fuels. It is indicating that energy derived from wood pellet is a very competitive.Keywords: LCoE, renewable energy, wood pellet, wood industry, wood residue
Efikasi Ekstrak Daun Tuba sebagai Anti Rayap Alami (Efficacy of Tuba Leaves Extract as a Natural Antitermite)
No full textWood preservation is one way to enhance the durability of wood, especially for low grade natural durable woods. The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of tuba (Derris elliptica)leaves extract against the subterranean termite, Coptotermes sp. The leaves was milled and extracted with ethanol solvent to give it’s extracts. There were two kinds of antitermite test which were conducted in this study, namely direct test (stomach toxic test) and indirect test (respiratory toxic test). The mortality of termites and the weight loss of the paper discs were used to determine antitermite activity of the extract. The result showed that the higher concentration of the extract, the higher mortality of termites for both of the test. The concentration of the extract were 2, 4, and 6% with the mortality 40.0, 69.1 and 93.3%, respectively for direct test and 71.5, 75.8 and 89.7%, respectively for indirect test. Moreover, the weight losses of paper discs of direct test were 5.29, 3.07 and 1.94%, respectively.Keywords: Derris elliptica, natural antitermite, preservative, tuba leaves ekstrac
Kandungan Bahan Aktif Kayu Kulilawang (Cinnamomum culilawane Bl.) dan Masoi (Cryptocaria massoia) The Chemical Content of Kulilawang (Cinnamomum culilawane Bl.) and Masoi (Cryptocaria massoia) Wood
Get PDFThe aim of the research is to determine chemical compound in Kulilawang (Cinnamomum culilawane Bl.) and Masoi (Cryptocaria massoia) woods. All chemical compounds were determined by GC-MS. Results shown that Ethanol extract from the heartwood of Kulilawang contains eugenol and safrol. While, massoilactone was isolated from the ethanol extract of Masoi’s heartwood.
Tempurung Kelapa Sawit (TKS) sebagai Bahan Baku Alternatif untuk Produksi Arang Terpadu dengan Pyrolegneous / Asap Cair Oil-Palm Shell as the Alternative Raw Material for the Integrated Production of Charcoal with Pyroligneous Acid / Liquid Smoke
Get PDFOil-palm shell (Ops) can be regarded as a fuel, because it has calorific value almost similar to that of wood. Ops is generated as waste from crude palm oil industries, and its utilization as raw material are based on its chemical composition, which contains among others cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as the wood does so.Pyroligneous acid or smoke liquid is produced through the condensation of gas/smoke fraction as generated during the charcoal manufacture from wood or other ligno-cellulosic stuffs such as Ops. Such liquid is also famously called wood vinegar that seems worth for further development. The production of pyroligneous acid/wood vinegar can therefore be integrated with that of charcoal.As the relevance, experiment on integrated production of charcoal and pyroligneous acid/wood vinegar was conducted in the Sakuraba-type portable kiln. The raw material was Ops and Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd) wood, the latter used as the comparison/control. The results revealed that the yield of Ops charcoal was lower than that of Mangium charcoal, i.e. 11.37% vs. 24%, respectively. However, the yield of Ops pyroligneous acid (24.8%) was almost comparable to that of Mangium pyroligneous acid (24.5%). In addition, the qualities of charcoal from both Ops and Mangium wood could meet those of Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Likewise, the qualities of their corresponding pyroligneous acids/wood vinegars from both could also comply with those of Japan wood vinega
Compressive Properties of Tropical Natural Fibers Reinforced Epoxy Polymer Composites
No full textFiber reinforced plastics composites are particularly valued for their high tensile strength. Other mechanical properties, especially compressive strength is often overlooked during the characterization process. In fact, the comparatively low compression strength of some composite reduces their promising application. This paper presents the experimental investigation on the compressive strength of epoxy polymer composites reinforced by natural fibers of sisal, jute, hemp and bamboo grown in tropical area. The natural fiber composites were prepared using vacuum bagging method and the fibers were treated with alkali treatment prior to further processing. The results showed that the average values of compressive strength obtained in this work ranged from 31.69 MPa to 86.64 MPa. Those results indicate that the obtained compressive strength of natural fibers composites investigated in this research were comparable to the results of previous work, which ranged from from 16.75 MPa to 108.07 MPa