eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
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Moisture Profile of Two Veneer Thickness Following Microwave Heat Gun Drying
Get PDFApplication of microwave technology on the wood industries, mainly wood drying begun shortly after World War II. Full application of microwave technology at production line of wood drying industries is still being adopted in limited scales. This is due to insufficient knowledge or lack of understanding of how microwave dries wood, it consumes huge of electricity, and needs an intensive capital investment. However, several researchers have begun to conclude that employing microwave technology on wood drying will provide faster drying time, higher in rate of drying and uniformity in moisture content profiles of dried wood and no air pollution. This research is designed to investigate the application of microwave technology for drying of wood veneer in comparison to conventional drying. Drying attributes consist of moisture profiles of dried veneer, drying time, rate of drying and microwave energy consumption, using two veneer thickness of Radiata pine. The results indicated that microwave technology provides faster drying and results in higher moisture profiles of dies veneer and rate of drying compared to conventional dryin
Anatomical and Chemical Properties of Keruing Wood from Labanan Research Forest, East Kalimantan
No full textUnderstanding the basic properties of wood is essential for its appropriate and efficient utilization. Anatomical feature for many species of wood, as an important basic property of wood, remained incomplete and mostly limited to the genus level, especially for Dipterocarpaceae. In the present works, three keruing species i.e. (Dipterocarpus stellatus Vesque, Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus P.S. Ashton, and Dipterocarpus pachyphyllus Meijer) were studied for their anatomical and chemical properties. Observation of the microscopic and macroscopic features of these woods was conducted. Suitability of the wood for pulp and paper raw material was also assessed through fiber dimension measurement. Chemical component analyses were carried out based on appropriate Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industries (TAPPI) standard procedures. The result showed that in general, all species have resemblance in both anatomical and chemical properties. Even though, the lignin and extractives content of the three Dipterocarpus spp. were considered high, their fiber were classified as class I fiber quality; and thus very suitable for the raw material of pulp and paper production.Keywords: anatomical properties, chemical properties, Dipterocarpus spp., fibre quality, keruin
DAYA TAHAN GARIS REKAT LRF PADA KAYU LAMINA MANII TERHADAP SERANGAN RAYAP KAYU KERING The LRF Glue Line Durability of Manii Laminated Wood Against Dry wood Termite
No full textLignin is one of the principal components constituting wood bulk, besides cellulose and hemi cellulose. It consists of poly-phenolic molecules, serving as a binding agent, which holds the wood cells together. Lignin is also credited with imparting rigidity or stiffness to the wood, rendering its body effectively resistant to the mechanical forces imposed on it. Considering and evaluating the specific attributes of lignin, an idea has come-up to utilize it as a binder or glue in the manufacture of particleboard, plywood, or other wood products.The lignin in the sulphate’s black liquor (known as Kraft lignin) has a strong affinity when being reacted with formaldehyde to form lignin formaldehyde adhesives; and to increase the bonding strength quality, the lignin is further co-polymerization with resorcinol to form lignin resorcinol formaldehyde (LRF) resins. The resin can be employed in the manufacture of particular glued wood products such as finger-jointed wood assembly and glue laminated lumber (glulam). The research was aimed to determine the optimum composition of mole ratio in LRF glue and its pressing duration in laminated wood manufacture for construction qualities with high durability on against dry wood termite. The adhesive was prepared by mixing the isolated lignin, resorcinol and formaldehyde at various mole ratios L : R : F ( 1 : 0.5 : 2; 1 : 0,7 : 2; 1: 0,9 : 2 and control) respectively, and the pressing duration was employed by 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours at room temperature. The research results showed that the higher the resorcinol content, the longer pressing time, the higher the mortality and the lower weight loss. The mortality reaches 91.67 % and weight loss 2.17 %
Mutu Papan Partikel Pelepah Salak Tiga Lapis Berperekat Asam Sitrat (The Quality of Citric Acid Bonded Three Layered Particle Board of Snake Fruit Frond )
No full textSalacca (snack fruit) frond is a non-timber alternative for the production of composite boards. The study was aimed to determine the interaction between pressing time and shelling ratio on the quality of three layered particle board of salacca frond bonded with natural citric acid. Snack fruit frond composite boards of (25x25x1) cm3 were made at pressing temperature of 180 oC, specific pressure of 3 MPa, and target density of 0.8 g cm-3. A completely randomized factorial design was used with two factors, namely pressing times (10 and 15 minute) and shelling ratio of surface and core layer (10:90, 20:80 and 30:70%). Physical and mechanical properties of composite boards were tested based on JIS A 5908: 2003 standard. Results showed that the physical and mechanical properties were improved with increasing pressing time.The increase of shelling ratio between surface layer and core layer positively influenced mechanical properties, however negatively influenced dimension stability and moisture content. The optimal properties of three-layered snake fruit frond particle board were achieved with 15 min pressing time and 20:80% shelling ratio
Sifat Kimia dan Dimensi Serat Kayu Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) dari Tiga Provenans. Chemical Properties and Fiber Dimension of Acacia mangium Willd. from Three Provenances
No full textThe objectives of this research are to evaluate the chemical components and the fiber dimension of Acacia mangium Willd from three provenances. The wood samples used in this study are grown in Parungpanjang, Bogor originated from three provenances namely Queensland (QLD), Papua New Guinea (PNG), and East Indonesia (EI). The chemical components measured in this study are cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and extractives, while fiber dimensions and its derivatives determined are Runkle Ratio, Felting Power, Muhlsteph Ratio, Flexibility Ratio, and Coefficient of Rigidity. This research indicated that among three provenances investigated, the Queensland provenance is better than two others as sources of raw material for pulp and paper due to the highest cellulose content and lowest lignin and extractives contents. Likewise, from fiber dimension aspect, Queensland provenance also showed better properties than that of PNG and E
Pemanfaatan Kulit Kayu Akasia (Acacia mangium Willd) untuk Papan Partikel dengan Kadar Fenol Formaldehida Rendah Utilization of Acacia (Acacia mangium Willd) Bark for Particleboard with Low Phenol Formaldehyde Content
Get PDFIndustrial forest plantation is a future for supplying raw material of wood industries. From the wood harvesting, bark wastes are abundantly resulted. As an illustration, a pulp factory in Palembang produces about 500 ton per day of bark waste of Acacia mangium Willd. At present the utilization of bark wastes was not optimally done. The purpose of this experiment was to utilize bark waste for particleboard, it is expected that high tannin content in the bark will reduce amount of adhesive applied.Fresh bark was cut into chips and processed further with a ring flaker machine to produce bark particles. Bark particles were mixed with Phenol Formaldehyde adhesive and water then hot pressed at temperature of 150ºC, pressure of 20 kgf/cm2, for 15 minutes. Amount of adhesive was varied at 4%, 6% and 8% based on dry weight of particles. Water was added for 10% of dry weight of particles. The size of board was 25 cm x 25 cm x 1 cm, with target densities of 0.7 and 0.9 g/cm3, with 2 replications. Boards were tested for their physical and mechanical properties in accordance with JIS A 5908.Results shown that board with density of 0.9 g/cm3 and amount of adhesive of 6% and 8% have internal bond and MOR (modulus of rupture) that met JIS A5908 type 8; while values of MOE (modulus of elasticity) and thickness swelling were not met the standar
Aplikasi Isotop δ13C dan δ18O untuk Lacak Balak Kayu Jati (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) di Jawa Application of Isotopes δ13C and δ18O for Teak Wood (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) Timber Tracking in Java
Get PDFTracking the origin of Teak timber and its wood product is possible to be carried out using stable isotopes fingerprinting. To enrich the available variation patterns, Teak woods samples were collected from nine Forest Management Units (FMUs) representing all provinces and Teak centres in Java. Mills from all part of woods were mixed for analyses. The mills were burned under vacuum in a reactor system at 1200oC for 2 h, the resulting clean CO2 was transferred to the mass spectrometer to determine its isotopic composition of δ13C and δ18O. The generated data was then analysed using multivariate analysis. The results showed that isotopes analysis grouped Teak populations in Java intoWest Java population and mixed Central-East Java population. To consider wood as material for fingerprinting traded forest product, a refinement on method should be done
Pulp Termo Mekanis (TMP) dan Kimia Termo Mekanis (CTMP) dari Limbah Batang Kenaf Pulps from TMP and CTMP of Kenaf Stem Residue
No full text Pulps from thermo mechanical pulping (TMP) are produced by applying elevated temperatures and physical treatment in the process through mechanical energy. A study on the TMP and CTMP processes have been conducted on the residue of Kenaf stems wood. The general pulping conditions of CTMP process are impregnated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and steamed, while TMP are steamed both for 30 minutes at temperature 120ºC, and steam pressure 1.5 atm. Average of pulp yields are TMP 91.29% and CTMP 86.16% and fractionations of fiber pulp was analyzed by using of Bauer McNett fractionators which fiber contents more than 78% at 200 mesh. Pulp bleaching with Hydrogen Peroxide or peroxide bleaching was carried out in two phase P1 and P2. The pulp brightness pulp in the range 70 ~ 76 % ISO and fulfil the physical strength properties for Newspaper requirements according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI .14.0091 – 1998). The energy consumption of Kenaf stem’s chips refining for TMP process is 4.75 kWh/kg dry chips and for CTMP process 2.7 kWh/kg dry chip. The consumption of energy for CTMP process is 50% lower compared with the energy consumed for the TMP process
Keefektifan Beberapa Spesies Cendawan Entomopatogen untuk Mengendalikan Rayap Tanah Coptotermes gestroi WASMANN (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) dengan Metode Kontak dan Umpan Effectiveness of Some Entomopathogenic Fungi Species as Bio-control Agent to Subterranean Termite Coptotermes gestroi WASMANN (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Using Contact and Baiting Methods
No full textSpecies of entomopathogenic fungi, i.e. Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin, Metarhizium brunneum Petch, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin, Fusarium oxysporum Link and Aspergillus flavus Link were tested their effectiveness as bio-control against to subterranean termite Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann. Pure culture of each fungal species was stored in 40C. Before used, those fungi were recultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Yeast Extract (SDAY) media and incubated in 240C and RH 95% for 3 weeks. The series of conidial density has been used (0, 107, 5x106, 106, 5x105 and 105 conidia/ml) for pathogenicity test. The LC95 of M. brunneum was used for contact and baiting methods and the bioassay was repeated four times. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and with DNMRT. The lethal concentration (LC) and lethal time (LT) were calculated using probit analysis. The results revealed that increase of conidial density of each fungi species caused more mortality of C. gestroi. All fungi species could cause mortality of C. gestroi more than 80% even with the density of 5x106 conidia/ml, however M. brunneum could causing mortality more than 80% at density of conidia as low as 5x105 conidia/ml. Based on the probit analysis, the value of LC50 and LT50 with contact method were calculated at 1.8 x 105 conidia/ml and 2.01 (1.52 ~ 2.40) days respectively
Karakteristik LVL Lengkung dengan Proses Kempa Dingin Characteristic of LVL Bent by Cold Press Process
No full textBending LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) is a more effisien method to manufacture bent wood components compare to other methods in raw materials point of view. The Bending LVL was made from Sengon veneers by cold press process with variation of Water Based Polymer-Isocyanate adhesive of 250, 280, 310 g/m2 and bend radius of 200,300, 400 mm. The results showed that the physical properties of Bending LVL made by using Water Based Polymer-Isocyanate adhesive and cold press process was fit with JAS 1639/1986 standard. The optimum adhesive concentration and bend radius was 250 g/m2 and 20 cm, respectivel