International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)
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Machine learning's impact on medical education and research: beneficial or detrimental?
Get PDFMachine learning (ML), an AI chatbot developed by OpenAI, has the potential to revolutionize medical education by aiding in locating scholarly publications, condensing them, producing automatic drafts, summarising articles, and translating information from various languages. Still ethical concerns need to be governed and closely supervised in scientific literature. ML has become a valuable tool for medical research and teaching due to its ability to generate responses that closely resemble human responses when faced with difficult medical questions. It has disadvantages such as the potential dissemination of inaccurate or prejudiced data and excessive dependence on technology in medical instruction, deteriorating analytical reasoning and clinical judgment abilities. ML can aid in various aspects of medical education, including curriculum building, tutoring, test preparation, medical research, simulation, and continuing medical education. This article explores the transformative impact of ML in the medical field, focusing on medical data analysis, rewards in medical education, enhanced diagnosis, and creative content generation. It delves into ML applications for medical learners and educators, including interactive simulations, cooperation enhancement, and clinical vignettes. The article also addresses ML's role in patient care, along with strategies, challenges, and limitations in its implementation
Knowledge and stigma of depression among adolescents in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Get PDFDepression is a prevalent mental health issue among Indonesian adolescents. Adolescents grappling with depression face various challenges, including exclusion, discrimination, educational difficulties, and violations of human rights. Limited knowledge about depression contributes to stigma, which impacts teenagers' reluctance to seek professional help. This study aimed to examine the correlation between adolescents' knowledge and the stigma of depression. Using a cross-sectional framework, this study involved 240 high school students from grades 10, 11, and 12. All participants completed and returned the requisite instruments. Knowledge about depression was assessed using the adolescent depression knowledge questionnaire (ADKQ), while the depression stigma scale (DSS) was used to gauge levels of stigma. The relationship between knowledge and stigma was analysed using the Spearman rank test. The findings indicate that the mean score for adolescents' knowledge about depression was 7.00 (SD=2.72), while the mean score for stigmatisation of depression was 42.02 (SD=8.43). A significant relationship between knowledge and stigma was observed (p<0.0001), characterised by moderate strength and a negative direction (r=-0.45). The study concludes that more excellent knowledge about depression among adolescents is inversely related to the level of the stigma they harbour. It is therefore recommended that mental health nurses in Community Health Centers enhance educational and counselling programs to inform adolescents about depression better. Collaboration between academic institutions and healthcare facilities, along with the development of school-based mental health programs, is imperative for reducing the stigma associated with depression among students
Passive smoker exposure as a risk factor of otitis media with effusion in children
Get PDFOtitis media with effusion (OME) is a middle ear disorder often found in children and can cause hearing loss, delayed language acquisition, and behavioral disorders. Cigarette smoke exposure is one of the environmental factors that may raise the incidence of OME. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of OME and the risk of cigarette smoke to OME using urinary cotinine level examination, along with the characteristics of smoking history in the family. This cross-sectional study included 398 children aged 0-14 who underwent history taking, questionnaire completion, ear/nose/throat (ENT) examination, and tympanometry. OME patients based on ENT and tympanometry examination underwent urinary cotinine examination using lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay technique. Of the 398 children, five children were diagnosed with OME. The prevalence rate of OME was 1.3%. No OME patients were exposed to cigarette smoke based on urine cotinine levels of >200 ng/mL. However, based on history taking, one of five patients with OME is a passive smoker, with characteristics of active smoking history in the family one person (the father). In conclusion, there was no proportion of positive urinary cotinine levels in children with OME
Exploring fertility differentials between tea and ex-tea garden laborers of Assam
Get PDFAddressing the issue of high fertility rates among tea garden laborers in Assam is critical due to its adverse effects on the health of both mothers and children, diminished investment in human capital, stunted economic growth, and exacerbated environmental challenges. To effectively tackle this challenge, we need to delve into two key questions: What perpetuates high fertility rates, and how can we mitigate them? The solution lies in a comprehensive analysis of the immediate and underlying factors influencing fertility. Fertility is a multifaceted demographic phenomenon influenced by both direct and indirect determinants. In this study, we investigate the impact of various proximate and distant factors on fertility among two groups: The tea garden labor community in Assam and the ex-tea garden labor community, comprising individuals who have transitioned to other forms of employment. Our research identifies significant factors such as wife's age at marriage, breastfeeding duration, educational attainment, family size, duration of married life, child mortality, respondent category, and wife's occupational status that affect fertility levels in Assam's tea garden community. The study's findings indicate the need for implementing targeted family planning and reproductive health education programs within tea garden communities. These programs should offer comprehensive information and resources to assist individuals in making informed decisions regarding family size and reproductive health
Spatial autocorrelation of dengue in relation to population density in Balangan District, Indonesia: an ecological study
Get PDFDengue in Balangan Regency has the 2nd highest incidence rate (IR) in South Kalimantan at 126.64 per 100,000 population. This study aimed to determine the distribution pattern and conduct spatial analysis of dengue with population density in Balangan Regency. This quantitative research requires secondary data of dengue cases and Population Density in time series 2017-2021 with spatial analysis methods. The results showed that high dengue cases were in areas that had high density. Based on spatial analysis, dengue cases have a positive spatial relationship in 2017-2019 and a negative spatial relationship in 2020-2021 where dengue cases have a non-clustered distribution pattern (spread). Paringin City, East Paringin, Bungin, Maradap, Panggung, and Awayan villages are categorized as high-highly vulnerable to dengue. The findings of this study indicate that there is an influence of population density on the incidence of dengue. Monitoring of areas with high population density using spatial analysis is necessary for early detection of areas with high potential for dengue incidence
Related factors to HIV/AIDS prevention behavior of adolescents in Jakarta’s high school
Get PDFAdolescents are developing self-maturity, so they should have the correct views to become a person with a positive self-concept. Therefore, this period requires the role of parents. The parental roles include educating, teaching, disciplining, and protecting children to reach adulthood according to social norms. However, adolescents prefer to spend time with their peers, so peers are dominant in influential and modeling aspects of adolescents' sexual behavior with their partners. One of the behaviors compulsorily concerned is human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) prevention behavior. This study aimed to determine the relationship between characteristics, communication quality, parenting, peer roles, and HIV/AIDS prevention behavior in adolescents at “Y” Senior High School in North Jakarta. This study employed a cross-sectional research design. Samples were taken using the purposive sampling technique, and 208 students were obtained from 432 students. Gender, parental communication quality, and peer roles affected HIV/AIDS prevention behavior. The dominant variable was parental communication quality (OR=0.509). After controlling for gender and peer role characteristics, adolescents with strong parental communication quality were 0.51 times more likely to participate in HIV/AIDS-positive preventive activities than those with poor parental communication quality. Adolescents are expected to communicate with their parents, especially about sexual issues, more openly
RGB-based colorimetric method for the analysis of water alkalinity using Cordyline fruticosa extracts as visual indicator
Get PDFLeaf extracts of Cordyline fruticosa was used as a natural visual indicator for a digital image-based analytical procedure for the measurement of water alkalinity. A smartphone and ImageJ were used to capture and process the images, respectively. This work sought to develop and evaluate a greener strategy of using of Cordyline fruticosa leaf extract as natural indicator, in a digital image-based colorimetric set-up using smartphone. Under optimized conditions, the linear working range was from 40 to 160 ppm of CaCO3, with a calibration sensitivity of 5 x 10-3 ppm and a coefficient of correlation (r2)=0.998. The limit of detection and quantification were 39 ppm and 117 ppm, respectively. A 10,000 ppm CaCO3 solution was tested using the proposed method and the results statistically agree with the results obtained from titrimetric methods. The study presented a simple analytical procedure that can be develop and apply for the assessment of pollution that could pose serious human and environmental health hazards
Neuroticism trait personality and social media fatigue in early adults
Get PDFSocial media is a means of digital-based self-exploration, and the formation of personality traits such as neuroticism. Excessive use of social media, based on a strong neuroticism trait, can cause individuals to experience social media fatigue. This study aims to determine the relationship between neuroticism trait personality and social media fatigue in early adulthood. The method used is a quantitative correlational design. The number of participants involved was 136 early adults using social media, obtained using an accidental sampling technique. The scale used in this research is big five inventory (α=.890) to measure neuroticism trait personality and the social media fatigue scale (α=.934) to measure social media fatigue. The data analysis method uses the product moment correlation test from Karl Pearson. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between neuroticism trait personality and social media fatigue in early adulthood (r=.361 and sig.=.000). This indicates that the neuroticism personality trait is a factor that can cause social media fatigue in early adulthood. Training and forming a healthy personality by maintaining emotional stability can help the process of self-exploration in social media so that they can complete developmental tasks properly as early adults
Students’ eating styles and palatable eating motives during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFThis study aimed to describe students’ driving factors of eating behavior, namely eating-styles and palatable-eating-motives, and to determine clusters based on both. Conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, this cross-sectional study was carried out in response to the intervention program, the nusantara movement to reduce obesity rate (gerakan nusantara tekan angka obesitas (GENTAS)), launched by the Indonesian government to reduce obesity rate. Involving general population, 135 undergraduate students at a university in Bandung, Indonesia (the average age was 20.5 years, 71.9% of them were female) were selected using multi-stage-cluster-sampling. Data was collected through online questionnaires and was analyzed using SPSS 22.00 for Mac. Results indicated that participants’ eating behavior was generally more characterized by uncontrolled-eating-style, and participants’ eating palatable foods was more driven by the motive of reward-enhancement. This study obtained three clusters, including the cluster composed of emotional-eating-style and coping-motives, the cluster involving cognitive-restraint-eating-styles, and the cluster composed of uncontrolled-eating-style and all palatable-eating-motives. Findings about the clusters brought possibilities to develop new approach in eating behavior intervention for GENTAS’ implementation among students, focusing on tailored intervention based on the cluster of the individual participant, and utilizing the available channels at the institution. An online or hybrid intervention was an introduced choice that was relevant during COVID-19 pandemic and non-COVID period
A nutrition intervention study’s effect to hematology profiles on elderly group in social retirement home
Get PDFThe increase in the elderly brings consequences, including a higher risk of disease. Inappropriate nutritional intake is also known as one of the risk factors related to the elderly's non-communicable diseases, and nutritional intervention is essential to improve the elderly nutritional status and quality of life. It was an interventional study with a before-after one-group approach. The study was conducted for three months (October-December 2021) in three social retirement homes. The intervention given was supplementation with additional protein sources and snacks each day. The biochemistry profiles were taken 2 times: before and after three months of intervention, comprised of HbA1c, lipid, transferrin, creatinine, and blood pressure level. The data will be analyzed for its normality before being processed with paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank based on the normality results. The analysis results show that there are significantly lower transferrin levels (p=0.040), an increase in cholesterol level (p=0.000), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level increased from 114.05±32.03 to 125.94±31.41 (p=0.000). There is also a remarkable decrease in hemoglobin (p=0.005) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Conversely, there are an increase in HbA1C (p=0.007) and triglyceride level (p=0.005). There is no significant difference in creatinine level. We conclude that nutrition interventions have a significant effect on elderly blood profiles. However, to achieve an improvement, the study should consider physical activity and other variables that might be altering the results