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Aplicació legal del suïcidi assistit a nivell internacional: revisió bibliogràfica sistematitzada
No full textCurs 2023-2024Introducció: En aquesta revisió bibliogràfica s’investiga l’aplicació legal del suïcidi assistit a
nivell internacional, realitzant un estudi sobre les regulacions, marcs legals i pràctiques que
existeixen en els diferents països del món.
Objectiu: L’objectiu principal és analitzar i comparar com es desenvolupa l'aplicació legal del
suïcidi assistit en els diferents països del món que l’han regulat. També s’investiguen els
conceptes ètics i culturals que envolten la seva aplicació.
Metodologia: Es du a terme una cerca bibliogràfica sistematitzada realitzada a les bases de
dades més reconegudes i escollides específicament com PubMed, Scopus i SciELO. Després
de la cerca d’articles, es van aplicar els criteris d’inclusió i exclusió, i ens va obtenir un total de
15 articles per a la revisió final.
Resultats: Entre els articles revisats, s’analitzen les diferències entre regulacions i marcs legals
del suïcidi assistit en els diversos països cercats. Es comparen des de regulacions legals amb
protocols de sol·licitud més específics com Països Baixos o Espanya, passant la despenalització
de la pràctica com Alemanya, fins a les regulacions ètiques a països amb absència de legislació
com Suïssa. També s’investiguen la problemàtica que sorgeix sobre la falta de coneixements
dels professionals o la falta d’una regulació més estricta en pacients amb trastorns mentals.
Conclusions: L’estudi ofereix una àmplia visió del suïcidi assistit al món respecte als aspectes
ètics i legals, on ressalten les diferències en els requisits i els procediments entre països.
També s’identifiquen aspectes millorables en la legislació com la falta de formació i
coneixements en els professionalsIntroduction: This systematic review investigates the legal application of assisted suicide
internationally, carrying out a study on the regulations, legal frameworks, and practices that
exist in different countries around the world.
Objective: The main objective is to analyze and compare how the legal application of assisted
suicide is developed in the different countries of the world that have regulated it. Ethical and
cultural concepts surrounding its application are also investigated.
Methodology: A systematic bibliographic research is carried out in the most recognized
databases specifically chosen such as PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO. After the article search,
inclusion and exclusion criteria are applied, resulting in a total of 15 articles for the final
review.
Results: Among the reviewed articles, differences between regulations and legal frameworks
of assisted suicide in the various searched countries are analyzed. They range from legal
regulations with more specific request protocols like in the Netherlands or Spain, to the
decriminalization of the practice like in Germany, and to ethical regulations in countries with
an absence of legislation like in Switzerland. The issues arising from the lack of knowledge
among professionals or the lack of stricter regulation in patients with mental disorders are
also investigated.
Conclusions: The study offers a broad view of assisted suicide worldwide regarding ethical
and legal aspects, highlighting differences in requirements and procedures between
countries. Also, aspects to be improved in legislation such as the lack of training and
knowledge among professionals are identifie
Impacte de la gratitud i la resiliència de les inferemres sobre el tractament nic d’espiritualitat i l’omissió de cures en pacients hospitalitzats
No full textCurs 2023-2024Introducció: Als últims anys hi ha hagut un canvi de paradigma en el model assistencial
clínic, passant del model biomèdic al model holístic, gràcies a la importància que s’ha
vist en humanitzar l’assistència sanitària, amb l’atenció integral de la persona com a eix
central. L’atenció integral gestiona les necessitats de la persona atesa en les dimensions
física, psíquica, funcional, social i espiritual. Les infermeres poden abordar aquesta
última dimensió, l’espiritualitat de la persona atesa, a través de les cures espirituals.
Objectiu: L’objectiu general és analitzar la correlació existent entre les intervencions
NIC Suport espiritual, Facilitar el creixement espiritual i Fomentar la resiliència que
realitzen habitualment les infermeres del Consorci Hospitalari de Vic i de la Fundació
Althaia, amb el seu nivell de gratitud, el grau de resiliència i l’omissió de cures que
practiquen habitualment.
Metodologia: Estudi quantitatiu, de tipus observacional transversal (estudi de
correlació). Variables d’estudi: sociodemogràfiques de l’estudi, sociodemogràfiques de
l’escala OMICE, nivell de gratitud, nivell de resiliència, NIC (5420) Suport espiritual, NIC
(5426) Facilitar el creixement espiritual, NIC (8340) Fomentar la resiliència, percepció
de la omissió de cures infermeres, motius de la percepció de la omissió de cures
infermeres.
Aportacions: D’aquest projecte s’espera tenir un visió de com són les infermeres a nivell
de competència espiritual, de resiliència, de gratitud i d’omissió de cures, per llavors
realitzar noves recerques centrades en conèixer quin és l’impacte d’aquesta pràctica
sobre els resultats de les cures espirituals en els pacients.Introduction: In the past few years there has been a paradigm shift in the clinical care
model, moving from the biomedical model to the holistic model, thanks to the importance
that has been seen in humanizing health care, where comprehensive care is crucial.
Comprehensive care manages the needs of the person being cared of in the physical,
psychological, functional, social and spiritual dimensions. Nurses can address this last
dimension, the spirituality of the person being cared of, through spiritual care.
Objective: The main objective is to analyse the existing correlation between the NIC
interventions Spiritual support, Facilitating spiritual growth and Fostering resilience that
nurses from the Consorci Hospitalari de Vic and the Fundació Althaia regularly perform,
with their level of gratitude, degree of resilience and the omission of care that they usually
practice.
Methodology: Quantitative study, specifically cross-sectional observational study
(correlation study). Study variables: study socio-demographics, socio-demographics
from OMICE scale, level of gratitude, level of resilience, NIC (5420) Spiritual support,
NIC (5426) Facilitating spiritual growth, NIC (8340) Fostering resilience, perception of
the miss nursing care, reasons for the perception of the miss nursing care.
Inputs: From this project is expected to have a vision of what nurses are like in terms of
spiritual competence, resilience, gratitude and omission of care, and then to have the
possibility to do new searches focused on knowing what is the impact of this practice. on
the results of spiritual care in patients
Optimization of a hollow fiber glomerulus-on-a-chip setup
No full textCurs 2023-2024Les malalties renals han esdevingut un problema de salut pública a escala mundial (són la cinquena causa de mort) i sovint s'associen amb una alta morbiditat i mortalitat. La prevalença de les malalties renals continua augmentant i, actualment, aproximadament 850 milions de persones pateixen algun tipus de trastorn renal a tot el món. La manca de models experimentals adequats i la complexitat biològica intrínseca fan que els models 2D estàndard in vitro (per exemple, monocultius de cèl·lules glomerulars) no siguin representatius perquè no aconsegueixen replicar la fisiologia i la funcionalitat específiques del ronyó per a l'ésser humà. Els models in vivo s'han utilitzat principalment perquè permeten estudiar la progressió de la malaltia a llarg termini i també per avaluar sistèmicament l'eficàcia de les teràpies. Tanmateix, massa sovint, els resultats dels estudis en animals no s'han traduït amb èxit en tractaments clínics en humans i, depenent del model animal escollit, es poden enfrontar limitacions ètiques. Per resoldre aquest repte urgent de no tenir models complexos representatius de l'ésser humà, l'òrgan-en-xip es presenta com una plataforma prometedora que combina l'enginyeria microfluídica amb la (micro) tissular. La tecnologia d'òrgans-en-xip s'ha utilitzat àmpliament en els darrers anys a causa de la seva gran capacitat per imitar la complexitat dels teixits nadius in vitro com a alternativa prometedora per eludir les limitacions dels sistemes de cultiu cel·lular bidimensionals (2D) i els models animals. El meu projecte es va centrar en el desenvolupament i optimització d'un dispositiu modular 3D basat en fibra buida per a un ronyó-en-un-xip. Aquest dispositiu utilitza membranes tubulars de fibra buida per recrear un entorn de cultiu cel·lular en 3D inspirat en la fisiologia que imita amb precisió l'anatomia i les funcions de les unitats de filtració renal, específicament el glomèrul.Kidney disease has become a public health problem on a global scale (is the fifth leading cause of death) and is often associated with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of kidney disease is continuing to increase, and currently, approximately 850 million people have some kind of kidney disorder worldwide. The lack of suitable experimental models and the intrinsic biological complexity makes standard 2D in vitro models (e.g., monocultures of glomerular cells) non-representative because they fail to replicate the human-specific physiology and functionality of the kidney. In vivo models have been mostly used because they allow the study of disease progression in the long-term, and to systemically evaluate the efficacy of therapies. However, too often, results from animal studies have not been successfully translated into clinical treatments in humans and depending on the animal model chosen, ethical limitations can be faced. To solve this urgent challenge of lacking human-representative complex models, organ-on-chip is presented as a promising platform that combines microfluidic with (micro-)tissue engineering. Organon-chip technology has been widely used in the past years due to its strong capacity to mimic the complexity of native tissues in vitro as a promising alternative for circumventing the limitations of 2dimensional (2D) cell culture systems and animal models. My project focused on the development and optimization of a modular 3D hollow fiber-based kidneyon-a-chip device. This device utilizes tubular hollow fiber membranes to recreate a physiologicallyinspired 3D cell culture environment that accurately mimics the anatomy and functions of renal filtration units, specifically the glomerulus
Health inequalities and their relationship with socioeconomic indicators in the Maresme region (Catalonia): A cross-sectional ecological study
No full textObjective: Health inequalities are universal, but their magnitude and determinants
vary according to geographic areas, and understanding variations is essential to designing
and implementing preventive and corrective policies. Our objective was to evaluate
health inequalities in theMaresme region (Catalonia, Spain) and the relationship with
socioeconomic indicators.
Design: Cross-sectional ecological study (2017).
Site: Maresme region.
Participants: Population assigned to any of the Maresme’s 21 basic health areas
(BHAs).
Measures: Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health, and health resource use indicators
published by the Catalan Health Service’s Information and Knowledge Unit.
Results: Differences observed between BHAs were 49% in mortality, 266% in diabetes
incidence, 348% in stroke incidence, and 89% in hospitalizations. In the most
compared to the least disadvantaged BHAs, socioeconomic deprivation, as measured
by the socioeconomic index (SEI), was 4.6 times greater and the percentage population
with low educational attainment (EA) was 3.7 times higher. Greater deprivation
was associated with greater prevalence of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, and high blood pressure, and greater incidence of diabetes, ischemic heart disease,
and cancer. Likewise, a greater percentage populationwith lowEAwas associated
with higher premature mortality and avoidable hospitalizations.
Conclusion: Great variation exists in socioeconomic, health, and health resource use
between the different Maresme BHAs. Socioeconomic deprivation is strongly correlated
with the prevalence and incidence of certain chronic diseases, and low EA is
correlatedwith premature mortality and avoidable hospitalizations. Our findings point
to the urgency of taking health inequalities into account in designing and implementing
healthcare strategies, programs, and policies
D4.6. Final – Report on agronomic and environmental performance in field trial experiences
No full textDeliverable 4.6 ‘Final - Report on agronomic and environmental performance in field trial experiences’’ is a part of FERTIMANURE work package (WP) 4. The WP4 aims to assess bio-based fertilisers (BBFs; produced in WP2) and tailor-made fertilisers (TMFs; produced in WP3) for their ability to substitute conventional synthetic mineral fertilisers whose production is based on finite fossil-based resources and on high energy consumption. The D4.6 reports on results and final conclusion under the following two tasks of WP4:
Task 4.2. Field validation of agronomic performance in quadruplicate-randomised block design
Sub-task 4.2.1. Spain
Sub-task 4.2.2. France
Sub-task 4.2.3. Belgium
Sub-task 4.2.4. The Netherlands
Task 4.3. Field assessment of environmental performance: nutrient losses
Deliverable 4.6 aims to summarise the final outcome for each task and sub-task, thus it is divided into 7 chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the deliverable. In Chapter 2 the final results of testing three tailor-made fertilisers (TMFs) in Spanish field trials for winter wheat and potatoes, as well as pot cultivation of spinach and lettuce, are presented. The TMFs were developed through collaboration between UVIC-UCC and Fertinagro, with the former using a Spanish/Dutch pilot and the latter employing patented technology for pig slurry. Chapter 3 explores experiments conducted using ammonium sulphate BBF by French partners (CRAB, CRAGE, and CA80 under APCA), WENR and UGent. This BBF was tested in 19 field trials and 4 pot trials. This chapter also investigates the N performance of ammonium nitrate and ammonium water from the Belgian pilot, with a pot experiment testing ammonium water (BE-AW) on lettuce and a field trial testing ammonium nitrate (BE-AN) on potatoes and maize. Chapter 4 focuses on testing of biochar-based BBFs from the French partners in three field trials and one pot trial involving crops such as potatoes, sugar beet, ryegrass, and sauerkraut. Chapter 5 features the evaluation of liquid potassium-based BBFs by the French partner CRAGE in a field trial with sugar beet as the target crop. In Chapter 6, the deliverable reports on the environmental monitoring campaigns (Task 4.3) that investigated ammonia and gaseous emissions resulting from the on-field and pot application of the various BBFs. Finally, Chapter 7 engages in an overall discussion and offers recommendations regarding the performance of all the tested BBFs from the FERTIMANURE pilots.H2020 (Grant no. 862849
Estudio multicéntrico sobre el uso de la realidad virtual en la reducción del dolor tras la administración de vacunas en niños de 3 y 6 años en centros de atención primaria de la Cataluña Central: ensayo clínico aleatorio
No full textPrograma de Doctorat: Medicina i Ciències biomèdiquesEsta tesis doctoral evalúa el uso de la realidad virtual (RV) como método no farmacológico para reducir el dolor y la ansiedad en población pediátrica durante la vacunación, creando entornos inmersivos que desvíen la atención hacia estímulos agradables. Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorio en centros de atención primaria de la Cataluña Central; participaron 300 niños y niñas de 3 y 6 años, divididos en un grupo de intervención, que utilizó gafas de RV, y un grupo control que recibió atención convencional. Se valoró el dolor mediante la escala facial de Wong-Baker, la ansiedad con la Children's Fear Scale y la frecuencia cardíaca como indicador de estrés. Los resultados evidenciaron una reducción significativa en el dolor y la ansiedad en el grupo de RV, así como una mayor satisfacción de los padres, concluyendo que la RV es una herramienta segura y eficaz para mejorar la experiencia de vacunación.Aquesta tesi doctoral avalua l'ús de la realitat virtual (RV) com a mètode no farmacològic per a reduir el dolor i l'ansietat en població pediàtrica durant la vacunació, creant entorns immersius que desviïn l'atenció cap a estímuls agradables. Es va realitzar un assaig clínic aleatori en centres d'atenció primària de la Catalunya Central; van participar 300 nens i nenes de 3 i 6 anys, dividits en un grup d'intervenció, que va utilitzar ulleres de RV, i un grup control que va rebre atenció convencional. Es va valorar el dolor mitjançant l'escala facial de Wong-Baker, l'ansietat amb la Children's Fear Scale i la freqüència cardíaca com a indicador d'estrès. Els resultats van evidenciar una reducció significativa en el dolor i l'ansietat en el grup de RV, així com una major satisfacció dels pares, concloent que la RV és una eina segura i eficaç per a millorar l'experiència de vacunació.This doctoral thesis evaluates the use of virtual reality (VR) as a non-pharmacological method to reduce pain and anxiety in the paediatric population during vaccination, creating immersive environments that divert attention to pleasant stimuli. A randomized clinical trial was conducted in primary care centers in Central Catalonia; 300 children aged 3 and 6 years participated, divided into an intervention group that used VR goggles, and a control group that received conventional care. Pain was assessed using the Wong-Baker facial scale, anxiety with the Children's Fear Scale and heart rate as an indicator of stress. Results showed a significant reduction in pain and anxiety in the VR group and increased parental satisfaction, concluding that VR is a safe and effective tool to improve the vaccination experience
Violencia entre iguales en educación primaria: análisis de la situación actual de un centro y propuestas de actuación
No full textCurs 2023-2024La violencia entre iguales es una realidad en los centros escolares, y disminuirla o
eliminarla para lograr la convivencia y el bienestar es el deseo de todos los miembros de
la comunidad educativa. Hay muchos factores que se relacionan con la violencia entre
iguales en niños y niñas, tanto personales como contextuales, siendo estos últimos los que
interesan especialmente, ya que son en los que se puede incidir con más facilidad,
concretamente en los de índole escolar. El modelo al que se pretende llegar es un modelo
de convivencia y resolución de conflictos de enfoque restaurativo, priorizando la
asertividad y el valor de las relaciones interpersonales. En este estudio se analiza la
situación actual de un centro de primaria a través de unos cuestionarios que recogen la
voz del alumnado de 3º a 6º de primaria y del equipo docente y las familias del centro.
Los principales hallazgos nos muestran que existe violencia tanto física como verbal y
relacional y que, en líneas generales, el alumnado percibe más violencia que las y los
docentes y las familias. Algunas de las propuestas que se plantean para mejorar la
situación actual de este centro son la formación y concienciación de la comunidad escolar,
la cooperación, la implementación de grupos de apoyo y mediación y la reelaboración del
plan de convivencia de manera colaborativa con toda la comunidad.Peer violence is a reality in schools, and reducing or eliminating it to achieve coexistence
and well-being is the desire of all members of the educational community. There are many
factors that are related to peer violence in boys and girls, both personal and contextual,
the latter being the ones of particular interest, since they are the ones that can be addressed
more easily, specifically those of a school nature. The model we aim to achieve is a model
of coexistence and conflict resolution with a restorative approach, prioritizing
assertiveness and the value of interpersonal relationships. In this study, the current
situation of a primary school is analyzed through questionnaires that collect the voice of
the students from 3rd to 6th grade of primary school and the teaching team and the
families of the center. The main findings show us that there is physical, verbal and
relational violence and that, in general terms, students perceive more violence than
teachers and families. Some of the proposals to improve the current situation of this center
are the training and awareness of the school community, cooperation, the implementation
of support and mediation groups and the collaborative reworking of the coexistence plan
with the entire community.Directora: Cecilia Simón Rued
Taula d'Equivalències de mobilitat d'Estudis per estudiants UVic-UCC (Outgoing). Centres federats
No full textInterferon-stimulated gene expression in HIV-1 inoculated macrophages and healthy Langerhans cells: The impact of macrophage polarization and Langerhans cell maturation
No full textCurs 2023-2024Abstract
Background: Antigen presenting cells (APCs) have been extensively studied for their role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 is readily recognized by APCs, which subsequently exert a strong antiviral response through induced expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Cellular activating processes in APCs can influence the extent of this antiviral response and may alter susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. In this study, we investigated the effect of distinctive activation processes on ISG expression in two types of APC: macrophage polarization and Langerhans cell maturation. Methods: Microarray-based differential gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed to study the effects of M1, M2a and M2 macrophage polarization on ISG expression upon HIV-1 inoculation. Furthermore, we performed RNA-seq of immature and mature Langerhans cells. DGE analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed, comparing ISG expression between immature and mature Langerhans cells derived from healthy donors in absence of HIV-1. Results: HIV-1 inoculation of macrophages led to polarization state-specific gene expression changes: M1 and M2c showed a relatively large and partly overlapping change in ISG expression, whereas M2a remained largely transcriptionally refractive, which was opposite of what was observed in absence of HIV-1. Differential expression of TIMP1 and PLAUR was validated in an independent macrophage set. Mature Langerhans cells were found to differ greatly in their gene expression compared to immature Langerhans cells and intersection of DGE-WGCNA results revealed several maturity state driver ISGs. Conclusion: These findings enhance our understanding of the effects of macrophage polarization and Langerhans cell differentiation on ISG expression and outline various candidate genes for further exploration of their role in HIV-1 pathogenesis.Academic tutor: Carlo Manz
