RIUVic
Not a member yet
6506 research outputs found
Sort by
Avaluació de l’impacte de la intel·ligència artificial en l’àmbit de la salut i validació d’un algorisme per la lectura de radiografies de tòrax en l’àmbit d’atenció primària
No full textPrograma de Doctotrat: Ciències experimentals i TecnologiesUn dels àmbits de la salut on la IA ha tingut un major impacte és a la radiologia, especialment en les radiografies de tòrax una modalitat complexa d’interpretar i que sovint crea discrepàncies en la seva avaluació.
Per aquest motiu, validar a la pràctica clínica real un algorisme d’IA capaç d’interpretar les radiografies toràciques podria representar un alt benefici a l’entorn clínic. A més, conèixer la percepció que tenen els professionals sanitaris i els usuaris d’Atenció Primària respecte l’ús de la IA com a eina sanitària és de vital importància per poder ajustar la tecnologia a les necessitats humanes, buscar-ne l’acceptació de la societat, alinear-la amb els valors professionals i fer-la senzilla d’utilitzar.
Per tot això, la IA aplicada a la salut és una eina digital que permet una millora en el flux de treball dels professionals sanitaris, i incideix positivament en la qualitat de vida dels usuaris. La resistència al canvi és un element a gestionar en un entorn on el creixement exponencial de les noves tecnologies incideix cada cop amb més força.One of the areas of healthcare where AI has had a major impact is in radiology. Particularly, in chest X-rays which is a modality that is complex to interpret and often leads to discrepancies in interpretation.
For this reason, the validation in real clinical practice of an AI algorithm capable of interpreting chest radiographs could be of great benefit in the clinical setting. In addition, understanding healthcare professionals’ and primary care users’ perceptions of the use of AI as a healthcare tool is critical to adapting the technology to human needs, gaining societal acceptance, aligning it with professional values, and making it easy to use.
AI applied to healthcare is a digital tool that can improve the workflow of healthcare professionals and have a positive impact on the life quality and well-being of users. Resistance to change is an element that needs to be managed in an environment where the exponential growth of new technologies is having an increasing impact
Potential Risk of Overtreatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Aged 75 Years or Older: Data from a Population Database in Catalonia, Spain
No full textAim: To assess the potential risk of overtreatment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) aged 75 years or older in primary care. Methods: Electronic health records retrieved from the SIDIAP database (Catalonia, Spain) in 2016. Variables: age, gender, body mass index, registered hypoglycemia, last HbA1c and glomerular filtration rates, and prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs. Potential overtreatment was defined as having HbA1c < 7% or HbA1c < 6.5% in older patients treated with insulin, sulfonylureas, or glinides. Results: From a total population of 138,374 T2DM patients aged 75 years or older, 123,515 had at least one HbA1c available. An HbA1c below 7.0% was present in 59.1% of patients, and below 6.5% in 37.7%. Overall, 23.0% of patients were treated with insulin, 17.8% with sulfonylureas, and 6.6% with glinides. Potential overtreatment (HbA1c < 7%) was suspected in 26.6% of patients treated with any high-risk drug, 47.8% with sulfonylureas, 43.5% with glinides, and 28.1% with insulin. Using the threshold of HbA1c < 6.5%, these figures were: 21.6%, 24.4%, 17.9%, and 12.3%, respectively. Conclusion: One in four older adults with T2DM treated with antidiabetic drugs associated with a high risk of hypoglycemia might be at risk of overtreatment. This risk is higher in those treated with sulfonylureas or glinides than with insulin
Approved by the Board of Government of the UVic-UCC on 7 June 2016. Amendments approved by the Board of Government of UVic-UCC on 21 February 2017, 5 December 2017, 7 May 2019, 8 July 2020, 12 July 2022 and 24 January 2024.
No full textLa experiencia del mueble-Taller (Petita Biblioteca) y su aplicación en el aula Montessori
No full textCurs 2023-2024El Mueble-Taller, creación conjunta entre el
Ayuntamiento de San Vicenç de Torelló, las
maestras de la Escola Lloriana y las
investigadoras Vanesa Amat y M. Carme
Creus de la U-Vic, es un dispositivo diseñado
para generar experiencias de calidad con la
literatura oral en la escuela infantil.
Este estudio de caso cualitativo se basa en la
observación del trabajo con este material en
la Escola Lloriana, ubicada en San Vicenç de
Torelló (Barcelona) para determinar su
compatibilidad con la metodología
Montessori de Casa de Niños y generar unas
claves para su implementación.
Este estudio puede ser útil para las guías
Montessori de Casa de Niños que buscan
herramientas concretas y de calidad para
transmitir de forma vivencial la literatura
oral en el ambiente. PALABRAS CLAVE
Mueble-Taller, Petita Biblioteca, Montessori,
Casa de Niños, literatura oral, lenguaje oral,
oralidad, primeras literaturas, desarrollo
infantil, poesía infantil, rol del adulto,
preparación del adulto, desarrollo del
lenguajeThe Mueble-Taller, a collaborative creation
between the San Vicenç de Torelló City
Council, the teachers of Escola Lloriana, and
researchers Vanesa Amat and M. Carme
Creus from U-Vic, is a device designed to
generate quality experiences with oral
literature in early childhood education.
This qualitative case study is based on
observing the use of this material at Escola
Lloriana, located in San Vicenç de Torelló
(Barcelona), to determine its compatibility
with the Montessori methodology for Casa
de Niños and to generate key insights for its
implementation.
This study may be beneficial for Montessori
guides in Casa de Niños seeking specific and
high-quality tools to experientially convey
oral literature in the environment. KEYWORDS. Mueble-Taller, Petita Biblioteca,
Montessori, Children’s House, oral
literature, oral language, orality, early
literatures, child development, children's
poetry, adult role, adult preparation,
language developmentTutora: M. Carme Bernal Creu
Role of semaphorins, neuropilins and plexins in cancer progression
No full textProgress in understanding nervous system-cancer interconnections has emphasized the functional role of semaphorins (SEMAs) and their receptors, neuropilins (NRPs) and plexins (PLXNs), in cancer progression. SEMAs are a conserved and extensive family of broadly expressed soluble and membrane-associated proteins that were first described as regulators of axon guidance and neural and vascular development. However, recent advances have shown that they can have a dual role in cancer progression, acting either as tumor promoters or suppressors. SEMAs effects result from their interaction with specific co-receptors/receptors NRPs/PLXNs, that have also been described to play a role in cancer progression. They can influence both cancer cells and tumor microenvironment components modulating various aspects of tumorigenesis such as oncogenesis, tumor growth, invasion and metastatic spread or treatment resistance. In this review we focus on the role of these axon guidance signals and their receptors and co-receptors in various aspects of cancer. Furthermore, we also highlight their potential application as novel approaches for cancer treatment in the future
Numerical modeling of manufacturing processes using advanced particle finite element methods
No full textPrograma de Doctorat: Ciències experimentals i TecnologiesLos avances recientes en la ciencia de materiales y las técnicas de fabricación han incrementado la necesidad de herramientas de modelado predictivo para abordar los desafíos asociados con comportamientos geométricos y materiales complejos. Esta tesis presenta un enfoque numérico robusto para simular procesos de fabricación, centrándose en el comportamiento mecánico y la optimización de procesos. Utilizando el Método de Elementos Finitos de Partículas (PFEM), que incorpora técnicas avanzadas de remallado, la investigación enfrenta retos como grandes deformaciones y no linealidades. Una contribución clave es el desarrollo de modelos constitutivos plásticos mejorados para materiales metálicos, integrados en el PFEM para procesos de mecanizado y procesos asistidos por vibración ultrasónica (UV-asistidos). Estas mejoras permiten simulaciones y validaciones más precisas en escalas macro y micro. Los resultados, detallados en cinco publicaciones revisadas por pares, demuestran la eficacia de estos modelos en el avance de la simulación y optimización de procesos de fabricación.Recent advances in material science and manufacturing techniques have increased the need for predictive modeling tools to address the challenges of complex geometric and material behaviors. This thesis introduces a robust numerical approach to simulate manufacturing processes, focusing on mechanical behavior and process optimization. Using the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), which incorporates advanced remeshing techniques, the research addresses challenges like large deformations and nonlinearities. A key contribution is the development of enhanced plastic constitutive models for metallic materials, integrated into PFEM for machining and ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-assisted) processes. These improvements enable more accurate simulations and validations across macro and micro scales. The outcomes, detailed in five peer-reviewed publications, demonstrate the efficacy of these models in advancing manufacturing process simulations and optimization
La aplicación del Teatro del Oprimido en el aula: una herramienta para la educación inclusiva e intercultural
No full textCurs 2023-2024El presente proyecto de investigación explora la aplicación del Teatro del Oprimido (TO), una propuesta del escritor y dramaturgo Augusto Boal, basada en la pedagogía de Paulo Freire, en un aula de 1º de Bachillerato de un instituto de secundaria en la Comunidad Valenciana. El aula a la que va dirigido este taller presenta serios problemas de exclusión y racismo, lo que genera un ambiente hostil. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprobar si el TO puede llegar a ser una herramienta pedagógica efectiva para promover la inclusión, la empatía, la justicia social y la participación activa del alumnado, con el objetivo de transformarlos de espectadores pasivos en agentes activos en la resolución de conflictos. Este estudio subraya la importancia de la educación inclusiva y el encuentro entre culturas, para lograr así, una educación intercultural. Conceptos clave:
Pedagogía del Oprimido. Teatro del Oprimido. Educación inclusiva. Educación intercultural.The present research project explores the application of the Theater of the Oppressed (TO), a proposal by the writer and playwright Augusto Boal, based on the pedagogy of Paulo Freire, in a 1st year Baccalaureate classroom of a secondary school in the Valencian Community. The classroom to which this workshop is directed presents serious problems of exclusion and racism, which generates a hostile environment. The objective of this research is to verify whether OT can become an effective pedagogical tool to promote inclusion, empathy, social justice and the active participation of students, with the aim of transforming them from passive spectators into active agents in the resolution. of conflicts. This study highlights the importance of inclusive education and the encounter between cultures, to achieve intercultural education. Key concepts:
Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Theater of the Oppressed. Inclusive education. Intercultural education.Tutor: Manuel Prada Londoñ
Genetic risk factors associated with ischemic stroke and etiological subtypes
No full textCurs 2023-2024Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is a multifactorial pathology caused by an interruption of the blood flow to the brain, causing the brain not to receive oxygen and nutrients. Although research has advanced in identifying genetic factors linked to IS, there is a notable gap in studies centered on the Spanish population, which remains underrepresented.
Methods and Results: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a Spanish repli-cation cohort of 3,882 individuals (457 IS cases and 3,425 controls), derived from a larger primary cohort of 9,081 individuals (3,493 IS cases and 5,588 controls). A meta-analysis combining both cohorts was performed, followed by functional annotation, gene-based, and gene-set analyses. We identified a replicated locus associated with ischemic stroke, rs7092141-C (beta (SE) = 0.04 (0.019), p = 0.027). Our metanalysis identified three loci with genome-wide significance: rs184652834-G, rs76757388-A, and rs7092141-C. Additionally, eight loci showed nominal significance in the replica-tion cohort, which was also significant in the main cohort, involving genes such as ANKH, LATS2, and GPR158. Gene-set analyses highlighted suggestive pathways, including the G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (p-value =4.37×10-3), activation of NOXA and mitochondrial translocation pathway (p-value =3.18×10-3), and diseases: endometriosis (p-value =1.74×10-4) and coronary artery (p-value =2.33×10-2).
Conclusion: Our findings underscore the importance of conducting genetic studies in specific popu-lations like the Spanish cohort. The identified loci and suggestive pathways provide a foundation for further research into the genetic mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke, which may ultimately lead to improved prevention and treatment strategies.Academic tutor: Mireia Olivell
Sistema de detecció i identificació de senyals de trànsit
No full textCurs 2023-2024Aquest Treball de Fi de Grau (TFG) es centra en la creació d’un sistema ADAS (Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems) per a la detecció i classificació de senyals de trànsit a partir d’imatges estàtiques.
Aquestes imatges simulen les que captaria una càmera frontal situada en un vehicle.
El model es desenvolupa utilitzant Python i xarxes neuronals convolucionals (CNNs). La primera part
del projecte es dedica al processament d’imatges i la implementació d’algoritmes de detecció
d’objectes per preparar les imatges per a la fase següent. A la segona fase, aquestes imatges són
classificades per proporcionar informació útil a l’usuari.
Aquest treball inclou la creació de classificadors des de zero, així com la recerca necessària per
desenvolupar i optimitzar aquests models. Això implica una anàlisi exhaustiva dels algorismes de
detecció i classificació, així com l'ajust dels paràmetres de les xarxes neuronals per millorar el
rendiment del sistemaThis Bachelor's Thesis focuses on the development of an ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System)
for the detection and classification of traffic signs using static images. These images simulate those
captured by a front-facing camera mounted on a vehicle.
The model is developed using Python and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The first part of the
project is dedicated to image processing and the implementation of object detection algorithms to
prepare the images for the next phase. In the second phase, these images are classified to provide
useful information to the driver.
This work includes the creation of classifiers from scratch, as well as the necessary research to develop
and optimize these models. This involves an exhaustive analysis of detection and classification
algorithms, as well as tuning the neural network parameters to improve the system's performanc