Revistas Científicas da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
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Relational and emotional wrongs: departing from the soldier model of harm in the criminal law
Full text linkThe concept of harm is at the heart of criminal law. It is used to justify criminalisation (the criminal law should only criminalise conduct that causes harm) and to rank our criminal offences (acts which are more harmful should be distinguished from those that are less harmful in their labels and their sentencing). Recent years have seen a remarkable change in what has been considered a harm in criminal law. We are moving away from traditional understandings as harm as an attack on the body or property to much broader understandings as harm being an attack on the self and the relationships which are core to our identity. This article explores the ways in which criminal law’s understanding of harm has expanded to recognise these relational wrongs and warmly welcome that development
Avaliação formativa: um estudo das perceções de alunos e professores
Full text linkFormative assessment is a pedagogical practice that has a recognized impact on promoting the quality of teaching and learning. To know, in context, the assessment practices implemented by a pedagogical team of teachers and the perceptions that teachers and students have of them, a case study was carried out, involving three classes of a Portuguese secondary school. This qualitative, naturalistic, exploratory study combined interviews with teachers and focus groups with students. The content analysis revealed that teachers and students do not always have aligned perceptions about assessment practices. Despite the diversity of assessment practices narrated, weaknesses are noted regarding the intentional and pragmatic use of information about the reorientation of action to improve teaching and learning. The modes of operationalization of formative assessment seem to be influenced more by the identity of teachers or their pedagogical content knowledge than by the organized action of a pedagogical team. Additionally, it is perceived that leveraging formative assessment practices through digital means seems to facilitate their operationalization. A avaliação formativa constitui uma prática pedagógica que tem um impacto reconhecido na promoção da qualidade do ensino e das aprendizagens. Com o objetivo de conhecer, em contexto, as práticas de avaliação implementadas por uma equipa pedagógica de professores, e as perceções que professores e alunos tecem das mesmas, foi realizado um estudo de caso, implicando três turmas de uma escola secundária portuguesa. Este estudo exploratório naturalista, de natureza qualitativa, combinou a realização de entrevistas a professores e de focus group a alunos. A análise de conteúdo revelou que nem sempre professores e alunos têm perceções alinhadas sobre as práticas de avaliação. Pese embora a diversidade de práticas de avaliação narradas, notam-se fragilidades no que respeita ao uso intencional e pragmático da informação no que concerne à condução e reorientação da ação, tendo em vista a melhoraria do ensino e das aprendizagens. Os modos de operacionalização da avaliação formativa parecem ser demarcados mais pela identidade dos professores, ou pelo seu conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo, do que pela ação organizada de uma equipa pedagógica. Paralelamente, percebe-se que a alavancagem das práticas de avaliação formativa através do digital parece facilitar a sua operacionalização
O contributo da ISO 22000 para a segurança na cadeia de abastecimento alimentar
Full text linkFood safety is a priority concern at the global level, resulting from the increasing complexity of supply chains and the growing demands of consumers and regulatory authorities. The ISO 22000:2018 standard has emerged as a robust response to these challenges, establishing systematic requirements for the implementation of Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS) throughout the supply chain, covering everything from primary production to final consumption. This study aims to critically analyse the contribution of ISO 22000 to food safety, with a focus on identifying the main benefits and challenges inherent to its adoption in agri-food sector organisations. Using a qualitative methodology supported by a systematic literature review, relevant empirical and theoretical studies were selected and analysed to understand the impacts of certification on organisational performance. Improvements in traceability, enhanced consumer trust, operational efficiency, and competitive differentiation were highlighted. The results revealed significant challenges, especially for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), which face difficulties such as the high financial costs associated with certification, the ongoing need for investment in continuous training, and organisational resistance to change — factors that may compromise the effectiveness and sustainability of the standard’s implementation. The analysis also points to gaps in current research, particularly regarding the assessment of the economic impact of certification and the integration of emerging technologies, such as blockchain, into food safety management systems. This study contributes to advancing knowledge on the subject by synthesising evidence and proposing strategies for future research, promoting a more integrated approach to food safety management.A segurança alimentar constitui uma preocupação prioritária a nível global, resultante da crescente complexidade das cadeias de abastecimento e do aumento das exigências de consumidores e entidades reguladoras. A norma ISO 22000:2018 configura-se como uma resposta robusta a estes desafios, estabelecendo requisitos sistematizados para a implementação de sistemas de gestão da segurança alimentar (SGSA) em toda a cadeia de abastecimento, abrangendo desde a produção primária até ao consumo final. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar criticamente o contributo da ISO 22000 para a segurança alimentar, com enfoque na identificação dos principais benefícios e desafios inerentes à sua adoção em organizações do setor agroalimentar. Através de uma metodologia qualitativa, suportada numa revisão sistemática da literatura, foram selecionados e analisados estudos empíricos e teóricos relevantes que permitiram compreender os impactos da certificação no desempenho organizacional. Destacou-se a melhoria da rastreabilidade, o reforço da confiança dos consumidores, a eficiência operacional e a diferenciação competitiva. Os resultados permitiram evidenciar desafios significativos, sobretudo para Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME), que enfrentam dificuldades como os elevados custos financeiros associados à certificação, a necessidade permanente de investimento em formação contínua e a resistência organizacional à mudança, fatores que podem comprometer a eficácia e a sustentabilidade da implementação da norma. A análise evidencia lacunas na investigação atual, nomeadamente no que concerne à avaliação do impacto económico da certificação e à integração de tecnologias emergentes, como o blockchain nos sistemas de gestão de segurança alimentar. Este estudo contribui para o avanço do conhecimento da temática ao sintetizar evidências e propor estratégias para futuras investigações, promovendo uma abordagem mais integrada à gestão da segurança alimentar
Illumina/Grail: the “new normal” of killer acquisitions and below-threshold acquisitions in search of a reconsideration
Full text linkThe Illumina/Grail case, which significantly rejected the EU Commission’s wide interpretation of its powers of accepting a referral of a merger that did not meet the national merger control thresholds of the referring Member State, introduced changes in the EU about concentrations (Article 22 of the EUMR), suggesting a renewed reflection on the so-called killer acquisitions. The increased scrutiny into these potentially concerning acquisitions needs to be reconciled with the Digital Markets Act (“DMA”), according to which a designated “gatekeeper” is also subject to an obligation to inform the Commission of any proposed transaction that amounts to a “concentration” under the EUMR prior to its implementation. National Competition Authorities in the EU with express powers to “call in” transactions which do not meet national merger control thresholds will make increased use of such powers. The present paper intends to contribute to the debate, analysing the reasons, identifying limits and then proposing corrective measures from a de jure condito perspective which may safeguard the degree of innovation within the market and preserve digital players’ legitimate expansion strategies
Key conceptual issues regarding forgiveness
Full text linkThe paper explores critical conceptual issues in the psychology of forgiveness, focusing on the distinction between conditional and unconditional forgiveness and the difference between forgiveness and reconciliation. It argues that forgiveness is a personal process that does not necessarily imply restoring relationships with the offender. This differentiation is essential to prevent victims of abuse from feeling obligated to reconcile with their abusers. Additionally, unconditional forgiveness is a crucial tool for the emotional recovery of victims, allowing them to release resentment without depending on the offender\u27s attitude. The article also emphasizes the importance of respecting victims\u27 autonomy in their forgiveness process, without imposing external expectations of reconciliation. Interventions should empower victims and facilitate a forgiveness process that promotes their emotional well-being without compromising their safety. In conclusion, a clear and differentiated understanding of forgiveness is fundamental to appropriately guiding psychological practices in contexts of abuse and trauma.El artículo explora algunas cuestiones conceptuales clave en la psicología del perdón, enfocándose en la diferencia entre perdón condicional e incondicional, y la distinción entre perdón y reconciliación. Se argumenta que el perdón es un proceso personal que no necesariamente implica la restauración de relaciones con el ofensor. Esta diferenciación es esencial para evitar que las víctimas de abuso se sientan obligadas a reconciliarse con sus agresores. Además, el perdón incondicional se presenta como una herramienta crucial para la recuperación emocional de las víctimas, permitiéndoles liberarse del rencor sin depender de la actitud del agresor. El artículo también enfatiza la importancia de respetar la autonomía de las víctimas en su proceso de perdón, sin imponer expectativas externas de reconciliación. Las intervenciones deben centrarse en empoderar a las víctimas y en facilitar un proceso de perdón que promueva su bienestar emocional sin poner en riesgo su seguridad. En conclusión, una comprensión clara y diferenciada del perdón es fundamental para guiar adecuadamente las prácticas psicológicas en contextos de abuso y trauma.The paper explores critical conceptual issues in the psychology of forgiveness, focusing on the distinction between conditional and unconditional forgiveness and the difference between forgiveness and reconciliation. It argues that forgiveness is a personal process that does not necessarily imply restoring relationships with the offender. This differentiation is essential to prevent victims of abuse from feeling obligated to reconcile with their abusers. Additionally, unconditional forgiveness is a crucial tool for the emotional recovery of victims, allowing them to release resentment without depending on the offender’s attitude. The article also emphasizes the importance of respecting victims’ autonomy in their forgiveness process, without imposing external expectations of reconciliation. Interventions should empower victims and facilitate a forgiveness process that promotes their emotional well-being without compromising their safety. In conclusion, a clear and differentiated understanding of forgiveness is fundamental to appropriately guiding psychological practices in contexts of abuse and trauma
A virtude teologal da caridade apresentada no “Ordo Virtutum” sob a ótica de Santa Hildegarda de Bingen
Full text linkThis article falls within the field of Christian theology and spirituality, focusing on the virtue of charity, one of the principal theological virtues. Despite its central importance in Christian life, there is a significant gap in detailed research on the representation of charity in the works of Saint Hildegard of Bingen, particularly regarding its influence on spiritual practice and the construction of a just society. The main objective of this study is to explore how Saint Hildegard, through her works and Church documents, represents charity as a vital force in Christian life and the pursuit of spiritual fulfillment. The methodology includes analyzing sacred texts, Hildegard’s writings, and ecclesial documents, using a qualitative approach to investigate the relevance of charity in Christian practice. The results highlight charity as a crucial element that unites spirituality and social action, offering a unique perspective on its practical and theoretical application. This study makes a significant contribution to understanding charity as a fundamental pillar in Christian tradition and in building a more compassionate society.Este estudo insere-se na área da teologia e espiritualidade cristã, com foco na virtude da caridade, uma das principais virtudes teologais. Apesar da sua importância central na vida cristã, há uma lacuna significativa na pesquisa detalhada sobre a representação da caridade nas obras de Santa Hildegarda de Bingen, particularmente em relação à sua influência na prática espiritual e na construção de uma sociedade justa. O objetivo principal deste estudo é explorar como Santa Hildegarda, através de suas obras e dos documentos da Igreja Católica, representa a caridade como uma força vital na vida cristã e na busca pela plenitude espiritual. A metodologia adotada inclui a análise de textos sagrados, escritos de Hildegarda e documentos eclesiais, utilizando uma abordagem qualitativa para investigar a relevância da caridade na prática cristã. Os resultados destacam a caridade como um elemento crucial que une a espiritualidade e a ação social, oferecendo uma perspectiva única sobre sua aplicação prática e teórica. Este estudo contribui significativamente para a compreensão da caridade como um pilar fundamental na tradição cristã e na construção de uma sociedade mais compassiva
Consuming tradition: Selling culinary authenticity in Crazy Rich Asians and The Farewell
Full text linkThis paper examines the ways in which food is utilised in two Asian American films, Crazy Rich Asians (2018) and The Farewell (2019), to explore themes of cultural identity, family dynamics, and the commodification of ethnic traditions. While Crazy Rich Asians employs what scholars Laura Lindenfeld and Fabio Parasecoli term as “food porn” aesthetics, catering to a Westernised gaze and emphasizing wealth and spectacle, The Farewell adopts a more restrained approach, presenting food as a symbol of family tradition and cultural continuity. Both films engage with the concept of authenticity, but where Crazy Rich Asians commodifies it through stylized exoticism, The Farewell appears to sell tradition by depicting food as a static artifact of cultural heritage. This paper argues that despite their different visual strategies, both films navigate the tension between food as a marker of cultural identity and its role in commercial marketing, revealing the complexities of authenticity in the portrayal of Asian American experiences. The paper further reflects on the significance of these food scenes within the broader context of production (financing, national branding, and the food industry), and how they shape audience and critical responses. Arguing that food scenes in both films need to be situated within these broader connections and significations—rather than simply debating which film depicts food more “authentically”—the paper highlights the complex role food plays in the commodification of cultural authenticity and its impact on both Asian and non-Asian audiences