Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL) (E-Journal)
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Effect of Services Innovations on Customer Satisfaction Mediating role of Relationship Improvement in auto Industry
Full text linkThe study examines how service innovation affects customer satisfaction and relationship quality. This study uses customer satisfaction and relationship improvement to predict automotive service innovations. Honda and Toyota users in Lahore were surveyed using a quantitative approach to collect data. Honda 190 and Toyota 115 comprise the 305 sample. Non-probability data collection. Sample proportionally stratified. Factor analysis improves construct validity and reliability. regression analysis and Sobel test for hypothesis acceptance or rejection and mediation effects. This study found a positive and significant relationship between the independent, mediating, and dependent variables. Dealers and agents may be included to generalize the findings. Quantitative methods can reveal customer satisfaction factors. This research can help analyses customer care and management
Adjustment of Due Diligence Doctrine in International Humanitarian Law: Constructing an Unobstructed Road
Full text linkAdjustment of due diligence doctrine in International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is primarily focused to highlight that the principles of IHL need the meticulous implementation of due diligence. With the spectacles of the qualitative research approaches, the article not only overviews the scope and basic concept of due diligence in IHL but also pinpoints the necessity of this doctrine in international law. This article scrutinizes the significance of obligations of due diligence to highlight the respect and ensure respect for IHL. This research article inspects the application of due diligence in non-international armed conflicts and pinpoints the influence of due diligence on IHL
An Exploration of Various Ideologies in Pakistani Social Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Full text linkIdeologies are the representations of social practices resulted from particular perspectives of the members of a society. Social media has been credited with playing a major part in the projection of some hidden ideologies. The study tries to analyze how language is manipulated in the construction of ideologies and how these ideologies represent or challenge the sociocultural norms of a society. Moreover, it also investigates the role of social media in propagation and circulation of specific beliefs and perspectives. CDA is a particular study which attempts to analyze and highlight the ideologies proposed both implicitly and explicitly. CDA is primarily concerned with the issues of racism, gender stereotypes and sociocultural norms of a society. The data consists of nine posts selected from different pages of Instagram and drawn through purposive sampling. Qualitative approach is used to analyze the data. The study draws its theoretical framework from Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive model. The findings reveal that social media plays a pivotal role in the representation of some sociocultural ideologies as well as the construction of anti- sociocultural ideologies
Financial Stress Cause Suicidal Ideation among the Lower Income Families; A Case Study of COVID-19 Period
Full text linkDuring and after a pandemic, there is an upsurge in the number of people who commit suicide. COVID- There has been 19 recorded suicides in Pakistan. The number of deaths by suicide may be attributed to the current economic climate. Fear of infection is the second element that contributes to people committing suicide. The fact that a significant number of people are currently unemployed as a direct result of the closure contributes to the complexity of the situation. All of the suicides were carried out by males who were the primary breadwinners in their families. The judicial and legislative processes of Pakistan need to adopt a more scientific approach. According to a study that looked at cases of people who had attempted suicide, one of the most important contributing factors to the high rate of suicidal behavior among men is financial strain
Socioeconomic Determinants of Demand for Life Insurance in Pakistan: A Time-Series Analysis
Full text linkThis study examines the determinants of life insurance demand in Pakistan using time series data from 1985 to 2023. The objective is to analyze the short- and long-term relationship between the demand for life insurance and socioeconomic factors. The study finds that the net premium insurance amount, real GDP per capita, and population are stationary at first difference, while the interest rate, savings, and inflation are stationary at the level. The ARDL (1, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3) model is selected based on the Akaike information criterion. The Bound F-test confirms the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables. In the short-run, the interest rate has an insignificant positive relationship with life insurance demand at first difference; however, it has a significant negative relationship at the first and second legs. Real GDP per capita has a significant positive relationship with life insurance demand, while population and savings are significantly and positively associated with life insurance demand. Inflation has a significant positive impact on life insurance demand. The error correction term is significantly negative, indicating the adjustment towards the long-run equilibrium. In the long-run, interest rate, population, and real GDP per capita positively and significantly affect life insurance demand, while savings and inflation have a negative and significant impact
Exploring the Relationship Between Emotion Regulation and Addiction Severity Among Adolescent Patients with Substance Use Disorder (SUD): Insights from a Rehabilitation Center Study
Full text linkThe objective of this study was to explore the relationship between emotion regulation and addiction severity among adolescent patients with substance use disorder (SUD). The study involved 100 participants from various drug rehabilitation centers. The sample size included 100 clients, aged 10 to 18 years (M=16.16 & SD=0.36) who have completed the detoxification process. Emotion regulation was measured using the Emotion Regulation Scale (ERS_T), which comprises Reappraisal and Suppression subscales. Drug addiction severity was assessed using the 20-Question Addiction Questionnaire (AQ_T). Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the associations between emotion regulation and drug addiction severity. The study found a weak positive correlation between overall emotion regulation (ERS_T) and drug addiction severity (AQ_T) among adolescent patients with SUD (r = 0.145, p < 0.01), suggesting a slight increase in addiction severity with better emotion regulation. There was a strong positive correlation between overall emotion regulation (ERS_T) and reappraisal (r = 0.752, p < 0.01), indicating higher reappraisal levels were associated with better emotion regulation abilities. Additionally, a moderate positive correlation was observed between overall emotion regulation (ERS_T) and suppression (r = 0.227, p < 0.05), suggesting higher suppression use linked to better overall emotion regulation scores. Positive correlation was found between overall emotion regulation and addiction severity, with cognitive reinterpretation (reappraisal) playing a significant role. Emphasizes the need for comprehensive interventions addressing emotion regulation to reduce addiction severity in this vulnerable population
Judicial Performance and Sense of Public Relief, (A Study on District Courts Multan From 2009 To 2018)
Full text linkThis abstract critically assesses judicial performance in subordinate judiciary in Pakistan, scrutinizing its efficacy and challenges. It examines key factors influencing judicial effectiveness, including institutional capacity, transparency, and legal infrastructure. Through empirical analysis, it evaluates the impact of judicial decisions on legal certainty, access to justice, and societal harmony. Furthermore, it addresses prevalent issues such as case backlog, corruption, and judicial independence, shaping the narrative of Pakistan's legal landscape. The abstract concludes by highlighting avenues for reform and enhancement, emphasizing the crucial role of a competent judiciary in upholding the rule of law and fostering socio-political stability in Pakistan
Risk Aversion and Entrepreneurial financing Behavior in presence of Self-Efficacy and Cultural Values
Full text linkRisk aversion is adopted as a valuable and workable access to understand the capitalist financing behaviour. Other variables also have been widely examined to check the results on entrepreneurial financing behavior. Yet, how risk aversion affects entrepreneurial financing behavior with mediating effect of self-efficacy and moderating effects of living style values. The basic aim of this paper to build the integrated model, based on mediating effect of self-efficacy to examine the straight and un-straight result of risk aversion on capitalist financing behavior. In last paper first author uses demographic analysis to study and underlying the mediating force of self-efficacy and moderating effects of cultural values. Then implement correlation and regression analysis to explore the relationship of the variables. In this struggle 371 survey responses gathered from business degree students to show the analysis. The mediating effect of self-efficacy is directly and positively linked with entrepreneurial financing behavior. There is a straight relationship and un-straight relationship of risk hatred and entrepreneurial financing behavior also exists through the mediation effect of self-efficacy. Doubling the value of this sample size can be selected from various educational backgrounds to enhance the significance of this survey. Risk aversion is directly acting upon the entrepreneurial financing behavior
The Long Run Dynamics of Sustainable Economic Development on Ecological Footprint in Developed and Developing Countries: Panel Quantile Regression
Full text linkRapid human consumption increases natural resource consumption, which damages the environment. The present study links sustainable economic development and Ecological Footprint in 78 developing and 93 developed countries from 1990 to 2020. This study measures sustainable economic development using the Human Development Index (HDI). The study uses panel quantile regression (PQR) to analyze data from the lower, middle, and higher ecological footprint groups. The study concluded that in developed countries with lower ecological footprint groups, a U-shaped relationship exists while in higher ecological footprint groups the inverted U-shaped EKC is valid between ecological footprint and HDI. It shows that developed countries initially degrade the environment by increasing their ecological footprint. Furthermore, as these countries grow, they divert their attention to more environmentally friendly technologies, resulting in a declining ecological footprint. However, developing countries demonstrate a U-shaped relationship in all quantile groups, indicating that these countries are prioritizing economic growth over environmental concerns. This study recommends that developing countries should follow the developed countries to reduce their ecological footprint by using environmentally friendly practices
Contribution the Effect of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance in Pakistan
Full text linkThe study investigates the effect of corporate governance on firm performance in commercial banking sector of Pakistan. we have reviewed the previous studies from 1980-2021. In these researches Pakistani banks' financial performance is improved by board size, long-term CEOs, audit committee size, audit committee independence, foreign ownership, institutional possession, annual preferred meeting, and dividend coverage. In order to safeguard shareholders and improve the overall financial performance of the business, the banks have advocated for the adoption of sound corporate governance exercise. Most importantly, by enforcing appropriate endorsements for noncompliance and ensuring compliance with appropriate corporate governance, the regulatory authority ought to encourage the growth of the commercial banks of Pakistan. Beyond the rights and responsibilities of various stakeholders in the management of a company, the study aims to strengthen company governance in other areas, such as the relationship between a company and its finance vendors, compliance with societal demands for felony, ethical, and environmental standards, and others. The study's most significant contribution to knowledge is in this regard. The study compresence the interpretations that have frame corporate governance in relation to the company's overall performance has been significantly enhanced by this contribution