Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL) (E-Journal)
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National Acclaim for Institutional Innovation: Punjab Sahulat Bazaars Authority’s Unique Transition from Company to Statutory Authority in Pakistan
Full text linkThe paper discusses the institutional ingenuity and national notoriety of the Punjab Sahulat Bazaars Authority (PSBA) which is the single example of a recorded conversion experiment into a complete-fledged statutory entity in the Pakistani retail market of a Section 42 company. The study is grounded on a qualitative approach of the research through the documents, although the quantitative analysis of the extent to which PSBA has been turned in legal sense, whether the organization is financially independent and whether their work is regulated by the official records and reports of the independent media and the assessment of the third party and the government is controlled. The new systems that PSBA incorporated with Naveed Rafaqat Ahmad as the leader of choice included real time price boards, subsidy free, solarized infrastructure, non-discriminating vendor policies that specifically gave female traders power. Under the findings, PSBA has consistently done better than the related organizations in the price control, use of digital, and provision of services to the population and the savings to the consumers are up to 35-percent lower than the open market rates. 
The Role of Psychological Safety in Fostering Creativity and Innovation in the Workplace
Full text linkThis research study would focus on the relationship between psychological safety and creativity and innovation in organizational contexts. Following a quantitative methodology, it analyzes how far psychological safety influences an employee's tendency towards taking risk, expressing his ideas, and collaborating-on all of which are part and parcel of creativity and innovation. The research population consisted of 180 participants: team leaders, HR managers, and educational principals, using self-administered questionnaires for the purpose. Correlation, regression, and post-hoc analysis of the collected data has been done in this case to determine both strength and direction of relationship existing between psychological safety and some crucial organizational outcomes. The analysis, employing correlation, regression, and post-hoc techniques, reveals strong positive correlations between psychological safety and creativity, with psychological safety significantly predicting creativity (? = 0.55, p < 0.01), accounting for 47% of its variance. Additionally, psychological safety was found to encourage risk-taking (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) and idea-sharing (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Leadership behaviors and communication strategies were also identified as crucial in fostering psychological safety, with both predicting 52% of its variance. The study underscores the importance of creating a psychologically safe environment to promote innovation and continuous improvement in organizations
Environment, Institutional quality and corruption impact on Trade in Developing Countries
Full text linkThe objectives of this study are to examine the impact of environment, institutions and corruption on trade in developing countries. For this purpose, the study considers 37 developing countries and data from 1990 to 2021 has been used in this study and it is collected from World Development Indicators and the study has utilized the index for institutions and eight governance indicators developed by World Governance Indicators. Generalized method of moments (GMM) is employed on the panel data for estimation of econometric results. The results conclude that environment and institutions have positive effects on trade while corruption has negative effect on trade in developing countries
Investigating the Alliance of the Pakistan Touch Ball Federation Constitution with Universal Good Governance Standards
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The framework for the Pakistan Touch Ball Federation’s (PTBF) management and governance is set out in their constitution. By looking at four critical dimensions— transparency, accountability, decision-making and solidarity. This research investigates how well a PTBF follows the ideals of good governance. This study sought to investigates the efficiency of the Constitution, highlight flaws and strengths, and give suggestions on how to enhance governance quality. Using a qualitative text analysis approach focusing on the core ideas, semiotic features, and structural elements of the Constitution, Thematic analysis was applied to find dimensions of governance, and the paper was examined for clarity, coherence, and methods supporting stakeholder involvement. Research also looks at the symbols' performance and schedule of the reflection of an administrative identity. Further analysis of the Constitution involves financial provisions, federation architectures, and its dedication to solidarity. Several risk elements in the PTBF legal process include financial oversight systems suggesting federation support and a dedication to financial transparency. Constitutional democracy is including participation in decisions as well as transparency and voting constraints. That said, good governance is mostly about transparency and decision-making. PTBF is urged to include regulations inside the constitution that strengthen transparency and accountability. Furthermore, errors, inconsistencies, and the lack of a qualified author damage its credibility. Finally, this study offers insights on how well the PTBF constitution lines with good governance ideals in sports. According to the research, the PTBF constitution highlights the need for developments in transparency and solidarity even as it shows strengths in democratic processes and financial accountability. Maintaining public trust and raising the PTBF's efficiency depend on developments in these fields. These results seek to direct the federation toward better governance practices and a more efficient constitution
Investigating how Cultural Contexts Shape Social Media Experiences and their Emotional Consequence
Full text linkThis study investigates the impact of cultural contexts on social media experiences and their emotional consequences. With over 4.8 billion global users, social media plays a pivotal role in shaping communication and interpersonal relationships. However, cultural factors such as individualism vs. collectivism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance significantly influence how users engage with these platforms. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this research explores the relationships between cultural dimensions, social media engagement patterns, and emotional outcomes across diverse cultural groups. Data was collected from approximately 1,000 participants, equally divided between Western and Eastern cultural contexts, using standardized questionnaires assessing cultural orientation, social media usage, and emotional responses. The analysis revealed that individualism positively correlates with social media engagement (r = 0.450, p < 0.01), while collectivism negatively affects engagement frequency (r = -0.320, p < 0.05). High power distance (r = -0.290, p < 0.05) and uncertainty avoidance (r = -0.350, p < 0.01) negatively impacted user interactions, highlighting cultural constraints on online behavior. Furthermore, the study found that social media engagement mediates the relationship between cultural factors and emotional outcomes, with significant differences in emotional responses observed between Western (M = 4.80) and Eastern (M = 3.20) cultures. The findings emphasize the importance of culturally sensitive approaches in mental health interventions and social media platform design, advocating for tailored strategies that account for the unique needs and experiences of users from different cultural backgrounds. This research contributes to the growing body of literature at the intersection of culture, technology, and psychology, offering insights valuable for both academic and practical applications in enhancing user well-being in the digital age
Exploring how the Practice of Gratitude can Strengthen Interpersonal Relationships, Enhance Mental Well-being, Foster Emotional Resilience, and Promote greater Social Connectedness and Cooperation
Full text linkThis study explores the role of gratitude in enhancing mental well-being, interpersonal relationships, emotional resilience, and social connectedness among mental health professionals in Punjab. A total of 120 participants were randomly selected using simple random sampling, and data was collected through a pre-set questionnaire. The analysis revealed strong positive correlations between gratitude and trust (r = 0.70) and social bonds (r = 0.72) in romantic relationships, as well as significant correlations in familial and professional contexts (r = 0.64 and r = 0.66, respectively). Regression analysis indicated that gratitude significantly predicts trust across relationship types, explaining 51% of the variance (R² = 0.51). Furthermore, gratitude showed a strong negative correlation with anxiety (r = -0.55) and depression (r = -0.60), and positive correlations with emotional stability (r = 0.68) and life satisfaction (r = 0.72). Regression analysis revealed that gratitude predicts lower anxiety and depression, explaining 46% of the variance (R² = 0.46). Post-hoc analyses confirmed that gratitude levels were significantly higher in romantic relationships (F(2, 117) = 8.43, p < 0.01). In terms of emotional resilience and social connectedness, gratitude demonstrated a very strong positive correlation with social connectedness (r = 0.72) and emotional resilience (r = 0.65), and significantly predicted these outcomes, explaining 52% of the variance (R² = 0.52). These findings emphasize the transformative impact of gratitude on improving interpersonal dynamics, mental health, and emotional resilience, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic tool for enhancing well-being and fostering social cooperation
Digital Warfare: The Evolution of U.S. and Russian Cybersecurity Strategies
Full text linkThis article will explore the evolution of U.S and Russian cyber security strategies As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the importance of cybersecurity has surged, particularly in the context of geopolitical rivalries. This article explores the evolution of cybersecurity strategies employed by the United States and Russia, highlighting how historical tensions have shaped their approaches to digital warfare. From the early days of the internet to the sophisticated cyber operations of 2024, the U.S. and Russia have engaged in a complex interplay of offense and defense, employing advanced technologies and strategies to protect national interests. The article examines key incidents that have defined their cybersecurity landscapes, including state-sponsored cyberattacks, espionage efforts, and the manipulation of public opinion through disinformation campaigns. By analyzing the motivations, tactics, and responses of both nations, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of digital warfare and its implications for global security. Ultimately, the findings underscore the necessity for robust international cooperation and the establishment of norms to mitigate risks associated with cyber conflicts, as both nations continue to navigate this evolving battlefield
Unpacking the Environmental Cost: The Impact of Tourism, Globalization, and Urbanization on Carbon Emissions in the Most Visited Countries
Full text linkThis study investigates the impact of Tourism, Globalization, Urbanization, Energy, FDI and Capital formation on carbon emissions of the top 10 most visited countries. The data of ten most visited economies has been collected from WDI data indicators for 2010-2023. The results reveal that both tourism and urban population growth are affecting positive CO2 emission. The regression analysis highlights the significant positive role of technological advancements in tourism and fiscal efficiency fossil fuel in driving growth, consistent emphasizing their importance in fostering innovation and economic resilience. Conversely, globalization (GLOB) and urbanization (UPG) show substantial negative effects, reflecting challenges like inequality, resource strain etc. The mixed results for FDI and GFCF suggest their benefits depend on contextual factors like institutional quality and effective governance. Globalization has a detrimental effect upon CO2 emissions. Overall, the findings point to necessity of focused strategies to handle urbanization issues, capitalize on technology breakthroughs and maximize the advantages of globalization while fortifying the financial and fiscal institutions
Investigating the Disproportionate Effects of Climate Change on Marginalized Groups and the Concept of Climate Justice in Policy-Making
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This study examines the disproportionate impacts of climate change on vulnerable groups and the role of climate justice in policy making. The research design is quantitative in nature, with a sample population of 150 respondents comprising government officials, NGO workers, and researchers from Punjab, Pakistan. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and statistical analysis, including correlation, regression, and T-test, to test the hypotheses. Notably, the outcome reflects that marginalized communities, especially the poor, lack abundant resources, and those living in vulnerable locations, have low socio-economic levels. Integrating climate justice principles into policy-making enhances the effectiveness of climate change adaptation strategies. Further, T-test analysis revealed a significant difference in the perceived severity of climate change impacts between government officials and NGO workers, with NGO workers perceiving these impacts as more severe. Such results call attention to the need for inclusive, context-specific policies that prioritize marginalized groups in climate action. The study concludes that incorporating climate justice in the climate policy frameworks would mitigate the disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities and improve the effectiveness of climate adaptation policies
Economic Empowerment: The Role of Digital Financial Inclusion in Boosting Gross National Income in Upper-Income Countries
Full text linkThe objective of this study is to examine the impact of the digital financial inclusion index on Gross National Income per Capita in upper-income countries. Using the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method, the study has constructed a digital financial inclusion index with the data collected from the World Development Indicator for the years 2011–2021. Further, utilizing the Generalized Moments of Method (GMM) technique, the findings reveal a significant positive effect of the digital financial inclusion index on income levels, emphasizing the importance of inclusive financial systems for broader economic participation. Additionally, bank branches remain important, highlighting their complementary role alongside digital services. Moreover, savings significantly contribute to economic growth and stability. Lastly, ATMs play a positively significant role in raising economic development and increasing income levels. Policymakers should prioritise initiatives that enhance digital financial inclusion, strengthen traditional banking infrastructure, and encourage savings. Additionally, investments in accessible banking services, such as ATMs, can significantly contribute to advancing economic development and increasing income levels