Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL) (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
312 research outputs found
Sort by
Sustainable Development and Internal Security in Nigeria: The Role of Civil-Military Relations
Full text linkThis study appraises civil-military relations (CMR) in Nigeria's internal security operations from 2015 to 2024, examining their impact on sustainable development. Acknowledging the historical context of distrust, allegations of human rights abuses, and governance challenges that have shaped CMR in Nigeria, the research empirically evaluates the effects of these relations on long-term development outcomes. The study investigates the roles of the Nigerian Armed Forces in internal security, differentiating between kinetic (force-based) and non-kinetic (community engagement) approaches. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative data collected from 395 respondents, including military personnel and civilians, to analyze perceptions of inclusiveness, justice, and accountability within CMR. Findings reveal that while non-kinetic interventions—such as humanitarian aid, medical outreaches, and infrastructure projects—have fostered improved community relations and intelligence-sharing, significant concerns remain regarding accountability, civilian oversight, and human rights compliance. The study concludes that strengthening transparency, building trust, institutionalizing collaborative mechanisms, and prioritizing human rights are crucial for fostering sustainable peace and development in Nigeria. It recommends specific policy reforms, enhanced community engagement strategies, and rigorous human rights training programs to optimize civil-military relations
Gender Inclusion and Public Access: Empowering Women through Retail Governance Interventions
Full text linkThis paper examines how the Punjab Sahulat Bazaars Authority (PSBA) operationalizes gender inclusion within public retail governance, transforming women’s empowerment from aspirational policy to measurable practice. Unlike peer institutions in Punjab, PSBA embeds gender-responsive mechanisms directly into its market design, vendor policies, pricing strategies, and infrastructure, ensuring both entrepreneurial opportunities and safe, affordable access for women consumers. Using a qualitative comparative case study approach, the study triangulates official records, independent audits, financial metrics, and program reports to evaluate PSBA’s performance. Key interventions include reserved stalls for women entrepreneurs, 50% rental discounts, dedicated hygiene and safety facilities, price regulation 35% below market rates, and mobile bazaars targeting underserved households. Findings demonstrate that gender-focused policy can be fiscally sustainable, scalable, and replicable, offering a transformative blueprint for inclusive public service delivery and citizen-centric governance in developing economies
Role of Human Capital and Renewable Energy in Shaping Economic Growth of Pakistan
Full text linkThe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between human capital, renewable energy, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Pakistan. For this purpose, secondary data ranging from 2000 to 2023 is used. Economic growth is used as the dependent variable, while human capital, physical capital, renewable energy, and foreign direct investment are used as independent variables. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model technique is used for analysis. The results of this study indicate that, in the short run, physical capital positively impacts economic growth, while all other variables have a negative impact. However, renewable energy and foreign direct investment are found to be insignificant in influencing economic growth. In the long-run results, physical capital has a negative and insignificant impact, while human capital, renewable energy, and foreign direct investment positively impact economic growth. Policymakers and government officials should focus on improving education, particularly skill-based education, fostering public-private partnerships to enhance productivity and capital formation, providing incentives for renewable energy technologies, and implementing investor-friendly policies and tax incentives to attract foreign direct investment.
 
The Implications of Digital Culture for Contemporary Literature: Navigating New Narratives, Forms, and Reader Engagement in the Digital Age
Full text linkThis research examines the impact of digital culture on contemporary literature, particularly focusing on narrative structures, reader engagement, and comprehension in digital formats. As digital media continue to reshape how literature is consumed, this study explores the effects of interactive and multimedia-rich digital texts on reader behavior and cognitive engagement. Using a quantitative approach, the research combined surveys with 500 participants and content analysis of 20 digital texts, including hypertext fiction and multimedia narratives. Descriptive statistics revealed that participants spent 32% more time engaging with interactive formats than traditional digital texts, with younger readers showing higher engagement levels. The analysis also found a significant positive correlation (r = 0.45, p < 0.05) between digital media familiarity and preference for interactive narratives. However, comprehension scores varied, with some readers finding it difficult to follow non-linear, branching storylines. Content analysis showed that 75% of the selected digital texts contained multimedia elements, while 65% included hyperlinks, reflecting the prevalence of these features in contemporary digital literature. The results support the hypothesis that interactive formats enhance engagement, but suggest challenges in comprehension, especially with complex, non-linear narratives. This study provides key insights for authors, publishers, and educators on the evolving landscape of digital literature and reader interaction. It highlights the need for more research on the long-term effects of digital reading on comprehension and cognitive development, as well as a deeper comparison between digital and traditional reading experiences
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Interventions in Improving Managerial Focus and Decision-Making
Full text linkThis study explores the mindfulness intervention's impact on managerial focus, emotional regulation, decision-making, and long-term performance among entrepreneurs in Punjab, Pakistan. The study has adopted a quantitative approach that makes use of a sample of 300 entrepreneurs from key business cities to explore the effects of mindfulness practice on decision-making in high-pressure environments. Structured questionnaires were employed for gathering the data, taking measurements for focus, emotional regulation, cognitive biases, and performance of the business, in relation to the pre-intervention as well as post-intervention cases. Statistical tests involved were correlation analysis, regression analysis, and ANOVA for testing hypotheses. According to the findings, the mindfulness interventions enhance significantly managers' focus, emotional regulation, and decision-making capability. In addition, it has been linked that the practices of mindfulness enhance sustainable growth in long-term managerial performance and well-being. This study explores how mindfulness may improve entrepreneurial effectiveness and contribute to better decision-making and leadership in business environments characterized by high levels of stress
A Distinctive Governance Model: How Punjab Model Bazaars Provide Daily Essentials Below Official Price Ceilings
Full text linkThe paper explains how the Punjab Model Bazaars was metamorphosed to become the Punjab Sahulat Bazaars Authority (PSBA) in which Naveed Rafaqat Ahmad transformed it into an avenue of supplying the daily needs at lower prices than those provided in the books of accounts. The study will be based on the comparisons of PSBA to the now-defunct Utility Stores Corporation (USC) in terms of affordability, accessibility, and institutional governance based on the secondary data sourced by government reports, audits, and third party analysis. Under the visionary leadership of Naveed Rafaqat, PSBA registered up to 35 percent price relief, digital innovations like on-going free home deliveries (85,000) and inclusive vendor policies including subsidized female stalls and mobile bazaars to remote areas. The operational excellence of PSBA can be seen in further developments, including bazaars that use plastic power and operates through entirely transparent supply chain. The study concludes by finding that under the transformational leadership of Naveed Rafaqat Ahmad, PSBA has become an empowered, citizen-focused and digitally-enhanced model of providing the public services
Comparative Analysis of Leadership Styles in Public vs. Private Secondary Schools
Full text linkThe study's goals were to determine how leadership styles—transformational, transactional, authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire—differ between public and private secondary schools. Leadership styles encompass various approaches that influence team dynamics and organizational effectiveness. Understanding these styles is essential for fostering employee engagement and achieving strategic goals. The population was drawn from every high school in the Kasur district. To gather the data, multistage sampling approaches were employed. Data was gathered via a questionnaire. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Inferential statistics (Independent sample t-test) were employed. With the exception of laissez-faire leadership, the study's results showed a highly significant difference in leadership styles. Future studies should examine how environmental and cultural elements affect the efficacy of different leadership philosophies in diverse organisational contexts. Longitudinal studies could also look at how leadership philosophies change over time and how they affect workers' performance and happiness over the long run
Enhancing Pedagogical Competencies through Continuous Training: A Professional Approach
Full text linkProfessional growth through the process of continuing Professional Development (CPD) is significant for the improvement of teachers’ professional competency and for better preparation to meet diverse and challenging contexts of educational environments. In this quantitative study, the research seeks to examine the effects of CPD on teaching confidence, classroom management, and student achievement. Using a survey technique, information was obtained from 200 educators in primary, secondary, and tertiary institutions on the extent to which they self-identified enhancements in the areas of subject content knowledge, classroom management, integration of technology, and student interest. The results presented enhanced competencies after participation in CPD with greater enhancements in the application of technology. Among the types of activities, workshops and/or online training were identified as the most beneficial for CPD practices, while the frequency of participation in such practices was found to be a definite factor in competency improvement. However, there are challenges including restricted access and the issue of resources especially if the environment that the research is being conducted is not well endowed. As such, the study calls for more frequent, varied, and accessible and sustainable CPD in ways relevant to educators’ contexts to help inform policymakers and institutions on the ways to promote 21st Century teachers and learning
Cultivating Moral Values: An Analytical Study of Current Practices in Government Primary Schools
Full text link
The study's goal was to investigate current practices promoted by teachers for students' moral development in primary schools. The study was descriptive. The study's population consisted of 3955 teachers from government schools in the district of Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. A sample of 300 (male, 160; female, 140) The elementary public schools in the Multan district were surveyed for their teachers using a simple random sample approach. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to examine the acquired data. These methods included calculating the mean, standard deviation, percentage, independent variable, and t-test. Overall, the study's results indicate that most teachers are performing well in promoting activities, contributing positively to the moral development of their students. The study recommended that schools should recognize and reward students who demonstrate excellent behavior during their school stay. 
Effect of Foreign Direct Investment, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Inflation, and Exchange Rate on Trade Openness in Pakistan
Full text linkThis study investigates the asymmetric effects of foreign direct investment, inflation, exchange rate, and economic growth on trade openness in Pakistan. Study uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology and yearly time series data from 2000 to 2024. The short run results expose that foreign direct investment and economic growth exert a significant positive effect on trade openness. Suggesting that short term capital inflows and growth developments enhance trade addition. Contrariwise, exchange rate devaluation negatively affects trade openness indicating that currency fluctuations interrupt trade flows by increasing uncertainty and import prices. Inflation, however, indications an insignificant short run effect. In the long run, foreign direct investment reveals a positive impact on trade openness. Inflation again remains insignificant, reflecting limited long-run influence on trade openness. Exchange rate actions use a positive long-run effect, representing that controlled depreciation enhances export attractiveness and fosters openness. Conversely, GDP negatively influences trade openness in the long run