Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL) (E-Journal)
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Promoting Inclusion of Students with Disabilities through Equitable Classroom Practices
Get PDFInclusive education has been recognized globally as a right of persons with disabilities since the early 19th century. Equitable classroom practice are considered essential element to satisfy the needs of students with disabilities in regular setting. The main purpose of this study was to explore the use of equitable classroom practices to meet the diverse needs of students with disabilities by their teachers and to facilitate their inclusion at the Universities of the Punjab. A mixed –method research design was used to conduct the study. The population of the study comprised of teachers teaching in general sector Universities of the Punjab province and students with different disabilities. A total number of 58 university teachers and their 38 students with disabilities (20=visual impairment, 10 =physical impairment, 8 =hearing impairment) were selected from 7 public sector Universities through purposive sampling technique. Only those teachers selected who were teaching to students with disabilities since last three years at least one subject. Two different types of instruments, a structured questionnaire and a semi-structured questionnaire in a flexible fashion were used for data collection. Both of the instruments got validated after piloting. Cronbach alpha was used to estimate reliability. The content and construct validity of the structured questionnaire estimated through experts related to the inclusive education. The quantitative portion of the data analyzed through IBM version 22, with the help of non-para metric statistical analysis. Qualitative data analyzed through thematic analysis. The four border themes appeared from in-depth interviews of the students. Majority of the teachers expressed knowledge to deal students with disabilities, adaptation in content, availability of aides for SWDs and lack of adapted material as main challenges to equitable classroom practices. The study recommended use of equitable classroom practices as an obligatory element for the inclusion of persons with disabilities at university level
Perception of University Graduates about the Project Management Education in Pakistan “Professional Perspective”
Get PDFThis study examines the views of project management professionals (university graduates) about the Project Management education in Pakistan. It investigates current situation, problems, its causes, and suggestions for future improvements in the project management curriculum of Pakistan. The analysis is done through thematic analysis based on semi-structured interviews with 50 project management professionals in various sectors of Pakistan’s labour market. Interview method is employed to have detailed and in-depth discussion with practitioners about the subject matter. The research identified three major problems of project management education in Pakistan i.e., deficiency of skills, gap between theory and practice, and students’ interest during their study. Furthermore, the respondents provided suggestions to fix these problems through different means such as the revision of curriculum, provision of internships for students in national and international NGO’s, arrangement of training workshops for teachers as well as students, and a robust supervision from Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan
Teaching Time Concepts to Children with Intellectual Disability through Computer Game Based Learning
Get PDFComputer games based learning is considered as most effective teaching techniques now days including for the children with intellectual disability (CWID). This type of instructional strategy has the potential to address the challenges of learning abstract concepts and their manipulation. The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of computer game based learning for teaching time concepts to CWID. Population of the study comprised of CWID studying in the special schools of Lahore city. Participants included 30 children whose functioning levels ranged from IQ 55 to IQ 60 with mental age of 3 to 5 years. The chronological age range of these children was between 08 to16 years. An inclusion criterion was devised for the selection of sample of 30 CWID. The study followed the quasi experimental research design. 30 children were randomly divided into two groups. Curriculum based test was used as an instrument of the study. An online computer game of time concept after validation was used for intervention. Total 10 sessions were given to teach the time concept in two weeks. Results showed that computer games based instruction have contributed to learn time concept in these children. The results of the study recommended the use of the computer game based learning as instructional technique to teach the time concept to CWID. Limitations of the study and future research implications are discussed
Perceived Leadership Capacities of Elementary School Head Teachers: Potential Differences of Gender and Experience
Get PDFSuccessful leadership mainly depends upon the knowledge and understanding about various leadership skills together with leader’s personal capacity to execute these skills efficiently. Elementary school head teachers, therefore, require notable expertise to professionally perform their important administrative responsibilities for achieving the school goals and objectives. In this context, this survey study was mainly conducted to investigate the extent of the leadership capacities of elementary school head teachers’ they possessed and differences in their views when grouped by their gender and administrative experience. To achieve the objective, a questionnaire comprising 24-items with six subscales developed by Ng (2010) was adapted with minor changes. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 363 head teachers randomly selected from 1014 elementary schools of Multan division and finally 336 (92.6%) responded. Results of descriptive statistical analyses suggest that the participants believed with high consensus that they were not well equipped with needed leadership skills in four areas specifically in the area of ‘quality assurance and accountability’. Inferential statistical tests revealed no significant differences in participants’ perceptions based on their gender. Significant differences, however, were found in their views based on their administrative experience. The conclusions of this study point to the relevant strategies for planning continuous professional development of elementary school head teachers in Pakistan
An Econometric Investigation of Sectoral Output and Environmental Degradation in Pakistan
Get PDFThis study examines effect of sectoral output (agriculture, industry and services) on environmental degradation in Pakistan ranging from period 1972 to 2017. This study makes use of Augmented Dickey Fuller test (ADF) followed by Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The empirical results show that Co2 emission in Pakistan is increased by Industrial sector output, population and energy consumption while agriculture sector output, services sector output and exports are reducing carbon dioxide emission
The Levels of Examination’s Phobia in English Subject: Students’ Perceptions in the Secondary Schools of Pakistan
Get PDFPakistan being a multilingual country, the people speak different languages in different regions. The people feel comfortable to communicate and interact in their mother tongues. Mostly, the students feel uncomfortable when they turn to English. They have developed a kind of feeling that English is difficult. Consequently, most of the students score either too low or get failed in the English Subject. In view of the above, the current study investigates examination phobia caused by English subject and its dimensions such as “Worry” and “Lack of Confidence” in the government Secondary Schools in Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data was collected from 384 secondary school students in district Mardan, which was then analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics (i.e., frequency and percentage distribution) and Spearman rho correlation/SEM/AMOS (Structural Equation Modeling) techniques. It was revealed that the level of the variable “Examination Phobia” is high in English subject. Furthermore, the levels of the dimensions such as; “worry” and “lack of confidence” were also found as high. The analysis suggests that, the rate of the students’ dropout and suicide intention in the context can be reduced to zero, if the level of examination phobia due to English subject is reduced. Further, the government, the schools, and the parents should play their active role in reducing the level of examination phobia in reference with English in the secondary schools
Effectiveness of Traditional and Competency Based Curricula: Perspective of Graduates, Trainers and Employers
Get PDFTraditional training system of TVET sector is focusing on traditional procedures of learning and is based on the numbering system. Such old fashioned procedures and the numbering system are producing certificate holders who do not have proper skills to complete the tasks independently in a professional manner as per the requirements of the industry. Traditional training is not paying focus on the competency oriented workforce in Pakistan. To meet rapid technological changes and need of modern era, the approach of the TVET sector is now shifting from traditional training to Competency Based Training (CBT). The purpose of this study is to make an innovative effort in the Pakistani context, identify the perceptions of employers and graduates about traditional training and CBT programs. This study falls in the interpretivism paradigm. Phenomenological research design was utilized to conduct this study. 10 TVET trainers, 10 TVET graduates of traditional training, 10 TVET graduates of CBT and 10 employers selected through convenient sampling. Semi structured interviews were conducted from employers, trainers and both types of graduates. Thematic analysis was used for to draw the results. Results showed that graduates of competency based training programs are more competent than that of traditional training program and the employers are comparatively more satisfied with graduates of the CBT program. TVET sector should develop the curriculum according to the current demand of the industry and implement the curriculum effectively by updating the labs for the TVET graduates for better job opportunities in the industry. It is also proposed that TVET sector should shift its educational institutes from traditional training to CBT approach to meet the needs of the labour market for employers’ satisfaction. Furthermore, research should be conducted to explore the challenges and their solutions of training provided in TVET sector and its assessment to meet the level of competency satisfaction to meet labour market needs
Postmodernity in Elif Shafak’s “The Forty Rules of Love”
Get PDFAs the term indicates, postmodernity or postmodern condition refers to social, cultural or economic conditions that emerged in western society after modern age. It can safely be considered as counterpart of modern outlook. This research venture has been undertaken to divulge postmodernity in prevailing social structure through “The Forty Rules of Love” by Elif Shafak. This novel has been scrutinized deeper keeping in view postmodernity. The results unlock depiction of the pop culture, hypocrisy, dual standards, quest for meaning and purpose in life, social follies and wavering personalities by the author. This research paper winds up that the author has, by highlighting postmodern elements in the novel, revealed societal and cultural issues prevailing in present times
Moderating Role of School Climate Into the Relationship Perceived Social Support, Perceived Rewards and Job Satisfaction Amongst the Newly Hired Educators: Evidence From Bahawalpur District
No full textJob satisfaction has gathered a lot of attention and focus throughout the world from scholars as well as researchers. This study aims to investigate and analyze the relationships among perceived social support, rewards, and job satisfaction. Additionally, the moderating effect of school climate will be investigated between the relationships of perceived social support and rewards with job satisfaction, respectively. Data were collected from 200 teachers working in government schools of Bahawalpur District using self-administered questionnaires. This research is a quantitative and cross-sectional study and it has adopted a convenience sampling technique. Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Partial Least Squares-Structured Equation Modelling are the tools that have been used for data analysis to test the hypotheses. The results and findings of this study, indicate that a positive and significant relationship exists between perceived social support and job satisfaction. Also, the relationship between rewards and job satisfaction is positive and significant. However, no moderation of school climate is observed in both relationships of perceived social support and rewards with job satisfaction. This study provides implications i.e. theoretical and practical with the addition of limitations of the study. Lastly, future research directions are given as well
Issues of English Curriculum Implementation at Higher Secondary Level Schools in Pakistan
Get PDFThe study was aimed to examine the issues of English curriculum implementation at higher secondary level schools in Punjab. The study is quantitative in nature. The sample of the study was comprised of 429 English teachers teaching at higher secondary level schools. Stratified sampling technique was used to select the sample and one instrument was used for data collection named Issues of English Curriculum Implementation Questionnaire (IECIQ) comprised of 58 items developed by the researcher on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The reliability of questionnaire of issues on English curriculum implementation was found .82. The instrument was also validated from 5 experts of relevant areas which assisted in refining language, clarity in items and sentence structure. The data were collected through survey research method and were analyzed by applying descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the study showed that English teachers used to face issues in English curriculum implementation at higher secondary level schools such as lack of communication skill, inappropriate teacher trainings, teaching method and methodology, multicultural society, lack of social and ethical development of students, lack of teaching resources and aids, inappropriate assessment procedures, misalignment of the content of English textbook, insufficient institutional resources, inappropriate government policies regarding English curriculum implementation and immeasurability of students learning outcomes written in English curriculum document. The results of the study suggested to give motivation to English teachers by providing attractive incentives, appropriate training programs and proper supervision of curriculum implementation of English subject