Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL) (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
312 research outputs found
Sort by
Motivation and Decision-Making Styles at Work: A Comparison of Public Private Sector Managerial Positions
Get PDFThe current study investigated the link between motivation and decision-making strategies of employees working on managerial positions in different organizations of Multan. Additionally, participants were compared across gender, marital status, age groups and organizational set up. The sample included 164 men and 68 women (N = 232, Mage 38.5 years). Work Preference Inventory and General Decision-Making Style Questionnaire were administered in order to measure intrinsic/extrinsic motivation and a range of decision-making styles respectively. Correlational analysis showed significant inverse association of dependent decision-making style with both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation yet only extrinsic motivation proved to be a significant predictor of dependent style in regression analysis. Results of t-test showed that men preferred rationale style women scored higher on dependent and avoidant styles of making decisions than men. Decision making ability of married employees was better than unmarried. Differences across gender and marital status were non-significant on level of motivation and its types. Private sector employees showed greater motivation than public sector employees, however both were alike in decision making except for dependent style that was preferred by public sector employees. Younger group was more intrinsically motivated while older groups were more dependent in decision making as compared with the younger group. Findings are discussed for improvement of organizational set up
The Impact of Urban Population and Inequality on Environment Degradation: Empirical Evidence from Panel Data Analysis
Get PDFThis study aims to empirically analyze population, inequality, and environmental degradation in developing countries. A panel data is used for D-8 countries for the period from 1990-2015. Unit root test is applied for stationary, Levin, Lin, and Chu test concluded that all variables are integrated at first difference. Panel Granger causality is applied to check the causality among variables. The results of Granger causality concluded that there is bidirectional causality between GDP and CO2 and also bidirectional causality between the GINI coefficient and CO2. And found unidirectional causality of urban population and trade openness with CO2. GMM estimation technique is used and estimates the common-effect model, fixed-effect model, and random-effect model. Hausman's test concludes that the random-effect is more appropriate. Real GDP, Rural population, and Trade openness are positively influencing the emission of carbon dioxide. While the GINI coefficient (a proxy of inequality) is negatively influencing carbon dioxide in seven developing countries
Registration of Second FIR (First Information Report) in Sughran Bibi Case: A Landmark Judgement of the Supreme Court of Pakistan
Get PDFThe registration of First Information Report (FIR) has remained a challenging area for the judicial system of Pakistan; the multiplicity of the FIRs means separate investigation and separate police report. Precedents were available far and against the second FIR which had been creating perplexity and nuisance for law enforcement agencies. First Information Report is contaminated by the inclusion of exaggerated facts by the aggrieved parties. Moreover, there are several allegations on the working of police in Pakistan for drafting the FIR arbitrarily. Although FIR is a mere document to report the incident, however, it has gained a significant role in deciding the fate of a criminal trial in Pakistan. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the status of FIR in criminal-trail framework of Pakistan. To do this, Sughran Bibi Case is very significant in interpreting the status of multiplicity of FIRs in the criminal trail framework. Seven judges of esteemed Supreme Court decided the fate of second FIR in this human rights case. The study investigates the doctrinal aspects of the judgement by presenting a theoretical examination of the status of FIR, its evidentiary value, and effectiveness in the criminal trial framework.
 
Exploring the Construal of Cultural Hybridity in the Maps for Lost Lovers: A Discourse Stylistics Study
Get PDFThis study undertakes an analysis of hybrid discourse with the help of discourse stylistics, an approach to the study of literary texts which combines findings from the fields of discourse analysis, conversation analysis and pragmatics. The analysis aims at highlighting how the cultural hybridity which exists in characters is manifested by the linguistic organization of the exchange as interactive process. The study based on cultural hybridity in hybrid discourse shows that the characters ignore their respective position while interaction because both children and parents treat each other as equal sometimes by scorning, criticizing, satirizing, questioning and sometimes by manipulation to foreground their hybrid culture
Comparison of Op-ed Coverage of Kashmir Conflict by Elite Global Press: a War and Peace Journalism Perspective
Get PDFThe study is a content analysis of Kashmir issue coverage by Indian and Pakistani press. The analysis is based on war and peace journalism categories designed by John Galtung. The study is comparison of Op-Ed of elite Indian and Pakistani press. It is an investigation of use of war and peace frame while covering the grave issue of Kashmir. As India has occupied the large are of Kashmir and has fought three wars over this issue, so this issue is the prime threat to the peace and stability in the region. Study found that press of both sides are using war frame while reporting the issue, hence being part of the problem not the part of solution. It was also found that Indian press is using more war frame on Kashmir issue than Pakistani press
Lawyers’ Problems and their Relationship with Perceived Stress and Occupational Burnout: A Study on Lawyers Practicing Civil and Criminal Law
Get PDFThe major objectives of the study were to identify the level of perceived stress and burnout among lawyers and to elucidate the relationship between various occupational problems among civil and criminal lawyers. The mediating effect between lawyers’ perception of problems, with respect to nature of specialization (i.e. criminal and civil law), perceived stress and burnout was also studied. This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted on a sample of N = 535 criminal and civil court lawyers, n = 255 (47.7%) and n = 280 (52.3%), respectively. Lawyers Perception of Problem Scale (LPPS), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OBI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were administered. A positive relationship between occupational stress and occupational burnout was found. The criminal court lawyers reported higher stress and more family problems than the civil court lawyers. Highly experienced lawyers have reported lesser levels of stress. Results from multiple regression show that financial problems and police involvement significantly predict occupational stress. A mediating effect of perceived problems was also found between type of specialization and stress and burnout. Overall, less experienced and criminal court lawyers face more problems related to family, finances, and security, and they also perceive more stress and burnout
Need of Legal, Administrative and Judicial Reforms in Pakistan to Combat Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing: An Analytical Study
Get PDFThe main objective of this article is to discuss, review and analyze money laundering and terrorism financing simultaneously as both share common incentives, line of action and executing strategies. Money laundering and financing of terrorism are global problems which not only threaten security but also compromise the stability, transparency and efficiency of financial systems, thus undermining economic prosperity and peace of a country. This research defines and expounds the terms ‘money laundering’ and ‘terrorism financing’, and common strategies to execute both of these criminal activities. It also analyzes the current predicament of legal, administrative and judicial skeleton of Pakistan which makes the country more vulnerable to money laundering and terrorism financing. Furthermore, it would also provide its readers with the most needed reforms in the all-over blueprint of the country, and imperative amendments to make the Anti-money Laundering Act, 2010 and the Anti-terrorism Act, 1997 more efficacious to encounter money laundering and terrorism financing in one fell swoop
The Effect of Teachers’ Language Speaking Anxiety on their Performance in English
Get PDFCommunication is supposed to be important to convey the message to the audience. The communication skills of teachers occupied a major role in effective students’ learning. If a teacher is anxious about speaking, his instructions may not be effective and also may affect the students’ learning. The researchers were intended to measure the language anxiety of the teachers who teach in 10th class while utilizing the survey method. The sample for the study included the teachers from Federal Government Educational Institutions (cants/ Garrisons) – FGEI’s (C/G). The data regarding the teachers’ language anxiety was collected by Teachers’ Language Anxiety Scale adapted by the researcher from (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986). The scale consists of 30 items with a Likert’s Rating scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. In order to measure the teachers’ performance, the cumulative GPA of their English subject that they have taught in recent anum was taken. This GPA was the outcome of their English teaching taken from Federal Board Intermediate & Secondary Education annual exam. The results showed that there exists a negative, moderate as well as significant correlation between teachers’ anxiety and their performance. It is recommended that the FDCI’s should organize workshops on a regular basis for the teachers that focus on the practice of English speaking proficiency. There should be seminars propagating about the strategies to cope with language anxiety
Factors Affecting the Socio-Economic Status of Households in Southern Punjab
Get PDFThe Households having low socio-economic status possess less resource in term of wealth and income to resist against any kind of external shocks. Apart from heath shocks (physical and mental disabilities) there are numerous other factors that force them to follow subsistence life style having low per capita income. A primary level data has been collected to examine the socio economic status of households in Southern Punjab for the year 2019.The findings show that household size, occupation, dependency ratio, mental disability and physical disability are negatively affecting economic development across the region. However, age, education of the household head, own house, spouse ‘s participation, remittances, number of earners in the household and value of physical assets are increasing economic development in Southern Punjab. Developing strategies, adequate planning and their timely implementation is very crucial for the government to pursue the process of economic growth and development of the poor countries like Pakistan
Nexus of Students Behaviors and Teachers Attitudes With Corporal Punishment in Peshawar Schools
Get PDFThroughout the world corporal punishment is seen as initial matter. In order to ensure discipline, institutes used corporal punishment as a tool. This study is undertaken in the background of emerging nations particularly Pakistan. It has been observed that on account of corporate punishment in Pakistan mostly students quit educational institutes. The current study discovers the occasion on teacher’s perception regarding corporal punishment across various chosen institutes of KPK. This study targets several well educational institutes of Peshawar, utilizing a survey questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The results show that corporal punishment, as a tool leaves negative indelible imprints on the minds of students and needs to be discouraged. Several methods alternative to corporal punishment for controlling student’s behavior are unknown to teacher. Further, this study exhumes alternative methods that helps teacher in controlling students’ behavior in the schools