Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL) (E-Journal)
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Empirically Investigating the Moderating Impact of Special Peer Support on the Relationship of Management Support and Employee Work Attitude
Get PDFThis study aim was to examine the moderating impact of Special Peer Support (SPS) on the relationship of Management Support (MS) and an important employee work attitude called Employee Commitment (EC) of individuals working in administrative positions at public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A diverse sample of 175 employees was drawn from different universities. Data was collected through a survey technique and was analyzed by Structure Equation Model (SEM). Conclusively, this study has forwarded notable framework, outlining the potential role of management support towards employee work attitude, followed by the moderating effect of SPS to boost this relationship. In other words, this study confirmed the significant impact of MS on EC and also found a significant moderating impact of SPS on the MS and EC relationship
Sociocultural and Religious Prospects of the Issue of Gender Disparity: Pakistan Perspective
Get PDFFor many decades, the women of Pakistan are suffering from the issue of gender disparity and despite certain legislations to strengthen the women, the issue could not be resolved. The Global Gender Gap Index Report 2020 ranked Pakistan 3rd worst,151 out of 153 developing countries following by Yemen and Iraq. This situation thus, leads that there are some major flaws in the existing cultural system and in the education of religion due to which the issue has become a dilemma for both, the state and the society. In this context, this study aims to analyze the issue in the light of the Qur’an, the Sunnah (pbuh) and the sociocultural context of Pakistan. After a thorough investigation, this study found cultural rigidity, illiteracy, and lack of scientific understanding of the relevant provisions of the Qur’an and Sunnah (pbuh), major contributors in the development of gender disparity. This research, thus, recommends an overhauling of the system of education, and study of the Qur’an and Sunnah (pbuh) in the light of the changed sociological context which would lead to the reformation of the rigid culture and would improve the issue of gender disparity
Stereotyping of Gender Roles and Norms by Society: a Feminist Analysis of I Stand Here Ironing
Get PDFThe ideologies rampant in the societies ensure their reproduction through various means. Social institutions are employed to carry out the power structures and uphold the favourable ideologies. These ideologies always favour one over the other by means of differentiation. Gender is one such ideology/construct, which maintains the favourable hegemony of men over women by ascribing different gender roles that justify the society’s unequal treatment of men and women. Motherhood is the most natural aspect of female gender. However, society and social institutions are selective of what comprises good or bad mothering. I Stand Here Ironing by Tillie Olsen runs along the same line, where a mother is tormented by guilt of not fulfilling her role as a good mother. This study, thus, offers a critique on social stereotyping of gender roles from a social construction feminist perspective. The study specifically ventures to explore the various factors and institutions that normalize prescribed rules for good and bad mothering. The study also questions the unhelpful stance of the society with respect to child caring services, which makes women accept traditional gender roles. The aim of the study is to gain insight on social manipulation of gender as a way for upholding traditional gender values / roles
Pakistan Factor in India’s Policy Towards Afghanistan Under BJP Government
Get PDFThe study offered a brief history of the Pak –Indo relations with Afghanistan and has analyzed some troubles relation among the three states. The Pakistan factor in the Indian-Afghan relations since independence in general and under BJP government in particular is the part of this investigation. The paper has discussed the importance of Afghanistan for India and Pakistan and the struggle of both countries for acquiring influence there. The Indian policy of soft power to encircle Pakistan has been focused. The paper has tried to explore the current BJP government policies regarding peace dialogue among Pakistan US, Taliban and Afghan government and their policy of Intra-Afghan dialogue. The response of afghan government and people towards Indian policies has been highlighted. The paper concludes that nothing is certain in the mutual relations of these countries as the national interest of the states does not remain same and permanent all the time and it usually depend on current regional and international environment. The current close affiliation between Indo-Afghan may take turn to Pak-Afghan love relation similar to the cold war affiliation
Violent Conflict and Informal Justice System: Evidence from a Conflict Zone in Pakistan
Get PDFConflicts have a variety of economic, social, and institutional consequences. This study considers the conflict episode of district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan, and examines its impact on the individuals’ preferences with regard to justice structure in a society. To search the underlying causal impact, this study identify district Buner – a neighboring district, as a control group. This study collects data from a randomly selected 400 households in each district and applies the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Spatial Regression Discontinuity Design (SRDD) estimation techniques. The OLS findings suggest that the occurrence of violent shock strengthens informal justice system. Whereas, the fall in trust on ordered institutions is observed a potential channel that enhances the efficacy of informal justice system. Additionally, the SRDD estimates confirm that the intensity of change in the structure of informal justice system varies across the location of the individuals. Alternatively, the informal justice system relatively more strengthens in the regions that remain highly exposed to the conflict as compared to the moderately and least affected areas
Role of Electronic Media in Changing Fashion Trends among University Students: A Case of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan
Get PDFThis study is an effort to check the role of electronic media on changing fashion trends as electronic media is getting very much in and used by youth. Within the past years, a greatest development has been witnessed. It focuses on how the students are using electronic media to change their preferences and how they influence from electronic media and adopt new fashion trends. Electronic media like, TV and internet influences has effect on the students of university, the objective of the study are to find out the use of electronic media as changing agent, the factors which influence fashion adoption among youth, and social factors that trigger the fashion adoption, the study were conducted among 176 university students using a survey research design, Data were collected by using questionnaires and the data were analysed using SPSS WIN 09, Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were applied in the study, The result of this study shows that electronic media have positive relationship with fashion trends that change the student preferences in their clothing sense through the process of advertisement
Culturally Ostracized Emoji: A Semiotic Analysis of Emojis and Emoticons
Get PDFThe worldwide usage of Emoji is a source to assess the globalization of the Japanese popular culture in the struggle to promote cultural literacy and multiculturalism. This new visual writing system of Emoji reveals prejudice among its users across the global village. The cultural diversity have made it more complex and unreadable, hence it requires to be used with conventional modes of expression to evade misunderstandings. This rise of Emoji icons was acknowledged in 2015 by Oxford Dictionary by declaring Face with Tear of Joy Emoji as the word of the year. The present research aims to explore the visual practices employed to propagate different ideologies in the culturally banned Emoji icons and Emoticons. This research is carried out with a proposed semiotic reading of Emoji icons and Emoticons inspired by Marcel Danesi’s the Semiotic of Emoji: The Rise of Visual Language in the Age of Internet
Effects of Climate Change on the Small Landholder’s Livelihoods: A Study of Tehsil Rajanpur, Punjab
Get PDFPakistan is an agricultural country and majority of the population are agrarian in its nature. It is evident that due to climate changes the sector is strongly affected. Mainly the small landholders are more affected by these climate changes. The focus of the study is small landholders. To study the area holistically the objectives of the study were to find out means by which climate change affects small landholders’ livelihoods, to study socio-economic problems faced by small landholders and to know cultural beliefs of small landholders regarding climate change, to see adaptation techniques opted by small landholders to survive the harms of climate change. To accomplish the objectives, qualitative research approach was used in which thematic research design was followed. Data was gathered through focus group discussion. Purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents. In it interviews were conducted from 70 respondents. The study resulted that extensive floods, changes in the rain pattern and increased temperature are the means by which crops are being more vulnerable to the disease. It was also found that small landholders strongly believed that the climatic changes were divinely controlled and regulated so these changes are the result of their sins and cruel deeds and they could not control it and they did not use the new technology
Pro-women Laws and Government Masquerading: A Description of Pre-independence and Post-independence Women Legislative Framework in Pakistan
Get PDFThis paper presents the historical account of women welfare laws in Pakistan in the light of political-historical events. This article is based on conventional content analysis focusing the women welfare in Pakistan under the different governments. The purpose of this research is to describe the original situations behind the pro-women laws in Pakistan. Present study is comprised of two sections; section-I deals with the pre-independence women legislative frame work while section-II covers with the post-independence women legislative frame work in Pakistan from 1947 to 2010. Under the new born state, first effort was made by promulgating MFLO, 1961 by the state but it could not uplift the status of women in the country. Even women could not get welfare under the banner of “Islamization of laws” in 1979. Again, a state effort was made by promulgating laws under “Women Protection Bill” but despite this promulgation of a number of laws in the present century, much remains to be done for such oppressed group. They are still in social malaise and face poverty, discrimination, violence, and disparity on different grounds. Observing from the historical account, discriminatory welfare measures deny women constitutionally guaranteed parity and protections. Hence; seems to be suppressing women status through anti-welfare steps in Pakistan. Pakistan should repeal all such laws, including the discriminatory legislation, to end the state-certified gender disparity that has destabilized women’s welfare and self-assurance and has promoted violence and intolerance in the country
Association of Demographic Predictors with Multidimensional Aspects of Students’ Engagement and Their Academic Performance In High Schools of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFThe present study addressed the major demographic predictors affecting the integrated paradox of students’ engagement and their academic performance in high schools of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. By using multistage sampling technique, N=2758 high school students were sampled out through cross sectional survey research design. The findings of the study revealed that students of highly educated parents i.e. up to tertiary level, residing in family size of 5-10 members and having middle class socio-economic status were more engaged in studies and performed better in exams. In conclusion, gender, parental education, socio-economic status, family size, family type and geographical residence were the major demographic factors affecting students’ academic outcomes. Usage of social constructionism strategies, analytical thinking and multifarious instruction techniques can be helpful in increasing the students’ academic outcomes