Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL) (E-Journal)
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The Role of Internal and External Migration on Rural Poverty Alleviation In Pakistan: A Case Study of Multan District
Get PDFMigration has become an important part of the current global economy. People migrate from their homes for different purposes although this study endeavors to estimate the role of internal and external migration on poverty alleviation in rural areas of the Multan district. Binary logistic regression is applied to the data of 170 rural households. Poverty has been measured by the headcount index, poverty gap, and squared poverty gap, estimates show the high incidence of poverty in rural areas of Multan district. The findings reveal that rural to urban migration, foreign remittances, educational attainment of the household head, household head age and livestock population turn out to be discouraging aspects of poverty while physical disability and household size turn out to be encouraging aspects of poverty. To eradicate poverty easiness in internal and external migration should be ensured by the government
Secondary School Teachers’ Journey from Self-Efficacy to Collective Efficacy
Get PDFEducation is perceived as a powerful agency, which instrument in bringing about the desired changes in the social, economic and cultural life of any nation. The whole process of education is shaped and molded by the human personality called the teacher. Teaching is a challenging profession and only those teachers can shoulder the heavy responsibilities of nation building, who are adequately prepared and have sound professional attitude. Self-efficacy is belief of teachers about their own potential, skills, pedagogy, developing learning school environment while living within the limited resources. And when it turns to expectations of other stakeholders like principal, students, society as a collective capability of a group of teachers to influence student achievement is refers as collective teachers-efficacy. This study aimed at to highlight the relation and changing paradigms from teachers’ self-efficacy to collective-efficacy. To achieve the set aim, survey research technique was adopted. Southern Punjab was the population of the study and target was selected by adopting multistage random sampling technique. Equal opportunity was given to both genders. Total sample of the study was 480 (principals were 30, teachers 150, and students 300). Three different research tool were developed out of which first research tool was for knowing the teachers’ self-efficacy as Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) which was developed by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy in 2001. Second research tool was of knowing the Collective Efficacy Scale (CE-Scale) developed by Goddard and Woolfolk Hoy (2004). Third research tool was Omnibus T-Scale (OTS) developed by Hoy in 2002. The analysis of the collected data was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21. Findings of the study shows that secondary school teachers are fully confident regarding their skills, competencies, pedagogy and ready to face the challenges. At the same time, their principals have shown strong trust on their teachers, but students’ opinion was different from the principals
Reading Difficulties of Primary School English Langauge Learners: A Case Study of District Dera Ghazi Khan
Get PDFThe paper aims at investigating reading difficulties that the primary school learners face in English language. Keeping in view the aim of the study, it was further divided into two research objectives: To find out the factors that were causing difficulties in reading English text and To find out the effects that such factors have on the students’ performance in reading a text in English. The data was collected using two separate tools for each of the research objectives. Data for the first objective was collected using a semi-structured interview with the English teachers of the mentioned locale of the study. For the second objective non-participatory observation was selected as a method to collect data which included a check-list as a tool to mark the effects in the performance of the students with respect to their reading texts in English Language. As far as the analysis of the data is concerned, it was thematically analyzed and the effects were mentioned following the discussion related to the findings of the first research objective. Finally, it was concluded that the students were unable to read the text because of some flaws in the teaching methodology, their lack interest in reading, which was a result of lack of motivation from the parents’ as well as teachers’ side. The rest of the findings are given in the respective sections
Pragmatic Analysis of The Little Match Girl
Get PDFGenerally, in social science and specifically in Linguistics, the basic purpose of cooperative principles is to describe how people achieve effective communication in social situations. It elaborates how listeners and speakers act effectively and cooperatively, understanding each other in a particular way. Paul Grice introduced it in his pragmatic theory, ‘we make our contribution effective in conversation according to the requirement at the given stage at which it occurs, accepting the purpose and direction of the talk exchange in which we are engaged.’ The short story “The Little Match Girl” is analyzed by applying the four maxims with the objective of better understanding of the text. It also analyzes whether all four maxims can be applied in one type of text and their presence can enhance the understanding of the text as well. The aim of the analysis is to mark the stylistic effect of Grice’s principles that may contribute to the better comprehension of the narrative from pedagogical point of view
Mediating Role of Spousal Support on Internalized Stigma and Marital Satisfaction among depressive Patients
Get PDFThere are surprising benefits of being married. Married people have lower stress and are less likely to be depressed. However, depression is not an exemption for married people. In our society people undergoing depression are stigmatized as mentally ill. Ideal marriage is supposed to have good understanding and friendly relationship. So the effect of spousal support received by diagnosed depression patient and the level of marital satisfaction attained by socially stigmatized spouse is the subject of this study. This is a cross sectional study. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from one hundred twenty individuals, in which one of the partners diagnosed with depression recruited from Services Hospital Lahore, CMH Lahore, Mayo Hospital and CMH Kohat. The minimum duration of illness was one year and minimum qualification was metric. After obtaining inform consent Beck Depression Inventory, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale, Couple Satisfaction Index and spousal support scale respectively. Macro PROCESS for mediation, t-test analysis and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The results revealed a strong relationship in mental illness related stigmatization and marital satisfaction in our society with mediating role of spousal support. Depressed husband showed lower marital satisfaction in spite of getting more support by their spouse. While depressed women seem to be satisfied as compared to men. Although demographic variables like love marriage, arrange marriage, education, family system and duration of illness had a greater impact on marital satisfaction. This study finding provide information for the therapist can work in areas of depressed married individuals those Internalized stigma affects the quality of life, self-esteem and sense of well-being that is indispensible to the marital satisfaction
A Comparative Analysis of Religiosity among Students of University and Madrassa System in Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFThe study aimed to analyze the religiosity among students of universities and the madrassas system. It also compares the religiosity of university and madrassa students. The researchers chose a mixed-method research design. The study sample selects through a multi-stage sampling technique. The study participants were 896, including 640 students (320 from universities and 320 from madrassas) and 256 teachers/heads of the departments/institutions. The study used two research instruments to collect data from respondents. To measure the level of student's religious belief (religiosity) self-developed questionnaire was employed. By semi-structured interview schedule, views of teachers and heads of institutions were composed. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, means level and Independent Samples T-Test (t-test). The study results show that both university and madrassa students maintain a high level of religiosity. Comparing students by institution displays that there were significant differences in religiosity between them. Madrassa students have a high level of religiosity, while university students are at a moderate level. The study suggests large-scale, in-depth research, including public and private universities and madrassas throughout Punjab
Preparedness of Prospective Teachers for Inclusive Education: Pre-Service Teachers’ Knowledge and Skills
Get PDFThe inclusion of students with special needs in regular schools is now one of the most important international and national issues faced by the educational world. The study examined concepts of prospective teachers about inclusion, skill, and knowledge gained through these educational programs. This was quantitative research conducted by using a descriptive survey. The questionnaire is designed by the researcher based on objective, theoretical framework, and literature review of related studies. Responses to the survey were obtained from 250 pre-service teachers. It indicated that the majorities of pre-service teachers have concept clarity about inclusion and prepare to implement the skill, and knowledge gained through these educational programs. This research is a small effort from the platform of special education to collaborate with general education for the promotion of inclusion of these children in society by using the means of inclusive teacher education programs. This study provides a useful paradigm for future research in this field
Pragmatic Analysis of Textbooks on the Basis of Speech Acts
Get PDFThis study investigatesfive speech acts of declaratives ,expressives, representatives, directives and commisives in three English textbooks at the level of III, IV and V published by Punjab Text Book Board Lahore in order to show whether theyareappropriate on pragmatic level for EFL learners or not. The results of the study reveal that thedistribution of all the speech acts is not equal both within each textbook andamong textbooks at all three levels. Among five speech acts, representative speech act occursthe most frequently in all textbooks while commissiveis the least used speech act. None of the books uses any speech act of declarative. This study implies that EFL teachers and materials designers shouldconsider pragmaticaspectsto improve the quality of both learning and instruction
Awareness of Mainstream Primary School Teachers on the ADHD Symptoms in Punjab
Get PDFAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) harms the learning, social, and family performance of the child as one of the most prevalent psychological disorders of children. The recent rehabilitation activities focused on schools with trained teachers. This study's key goal is to investigate “Awareness Level of Primary School Teachers Regarding the Symptoms of Students with ADHD in Mainstream Schools of Punjab”. The research has used the disability model presented in ICF by WHO having five major areas of functional disorders of ADHD - Attention, Hyperactive/ impulsive Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Cognitive Symptoms, and Psychosocial Symptoms. A sample of 440 individuals was selected from 20 schools. Teachers, parents, and psychologists were the respondents as well. The data was collected from 20 schools of Lahore city; and was analyzed by using a correlation between the variables (psychological, behavioral, cognitive, psychosocial, symptoms of ADHD). Frequencies and percentages were calculated for each of 84 statements in five areas. Results showed most of the teachers have an insufficient level of knowledge about ADHD. There is a tangible need for training programs provided to the teachers about early recognition and policy of care of ADHD children
Nexus among Trust, Job Satisfaction, and Affective Organizational Commitment: A Developing Country Perspective
Get PDFThe organizational commitment of employees plays a vital role in the success of any business. In the era of competition, companies are struggling to retain the employees committed to the organizations. There is a scarcity of research to investigate the factors that influence effective organizational commitment in a developing country. The researcher conducted a survey to collect data from employees working in the banking sector of Pakistan. The present study utilized the convenience sampling method to get responses. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, from which 215 responses were received, where 15 questionnaires were found partially filled, which were discarded for further analysis. The 200 questionnaires proceeded for statistical analysis using the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The software of SmartPLS ver 3.0 was used to analyze the significance of hypotheses. Current research revealed the significant relationship between trust and affective commitment mediated through job satisfaction. The present study provides several theoretical and practical implications by extending social exchange theory and delivering guidelines to banks' human resource departments to build trust among employees, and gauging job satisfaction to increase affective organizational commitment