Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL) (E-Journal)
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The Role & Strategies of Non Formal Education for Education Access to Marginalized Community
Get PDFIn Pakistan, about 22.8 million children of school going age are out of school which is very alarming situation and second highest number in the World. Major portion of these OOSCs belong to deprived, marginalized community of Pakistan. Although Pakistan has promised under article 25A to educate all the boys and girls age of school going children but this yet not to be meet due to financial constraints. So to fill this gap an alternative comprehensive system is needed. Non Formal Education is recognized and understood as cost effective and flexible system to fill this gap. In context of Pakistan, despite of recognition of NFE, it has not received due attention due to lack political interest. However, in last few years it is seen progress in this sector and a Non Formal Education Policies are developed at province level e.g. Punjab Non Formal Education Policy and Sindh Non Formal Education Policy. The aim of study was to explore the strategies of Non Formal Education for education access to underprivileged community and its effectiveness in Punjab. The research was conducted in 100 NFBE schools in three districts of Punjab. It was a Quantitative survey research to explore the strategies, and impact of NFBE schools on community. Random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected from officers, teachers, students and their parents. Data was collected through Questionnaires. It was found that NFE system was imparting cost effective, affordable, flexible, inclusive education at door step of deprived and marginalized community. It was recommended to allocate the more funds to scale up NFE system to cater the all OOSC. It was also recommended to amend and implement the Literacy Act 1987
COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on the Performance of Educational Process: From Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Student
Get PDFThe following research paper emblazons the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the education sectors of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa University and Colleges students. Data has been collected through Google form, (due to COVID-19 SOP’s) from students. Research Population includes 568 students from different universities programmes and semesters that have presented their views about effect of study in COVID-19 Pandemic. The overall output of the survey highlighted that majority of students were not aware about the digital tools, which they are now apprised of, which according to them will help them in the future career. Majority of the students negate the online classes due to, lack of resources, time issues and no internet facility or the students that devoid of any practical work repealed it. Main problem that has been highlighted is Internet connection problem in newly merged District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Lack of a satisfactory substructure, learning motivation, socialization for majority students, hindrances to perform practical applications, less effective student-teacher interaction and communication, less achievements of the examination objective, online examination e.g., lack of two way communication, more chances of cheating, possibility of mental health and physical deprivation (e.g., spending too much time in front of screens, installation of a deskbound routine. Therefore communication for the contemporary academic year, effective and efficient measures have to be imposed by the university management to solve all the students’ issues (internet issues and relevant data availability) and waive off as much as possible these undesirable issues and to develop a better online education process
Artificial Intelligence in Corporate Business and Financial Management: A Performance Analysis from Pakistan
Get PDFThis paper attempts to explore many signs of progress enabled by Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial and corporate business management. It also amid to identify the benefits and cons of AI applications in social life. A systematic content analysis approach has been used to demonstrate the developmental phases of AI. Four distinct organizational maturity clusters i.e. Pioneers, Investigators, Experimenters, and Passives have been developed on basis of dataset. Data collections was carried through emails, customizable chatbots, live chat softwares and automated helpers of top ten online companies and various banking and financial institutions located in Lahore and Karachi cities for making behavioral analysis. The data results revealed that all aspects of financial managements and corporate business activities have been highly influenced by the application of AI. The study demonstrated that 80% senior business executives were of view that AI boost productivity and creates new business avenues. The results also demonstrated that 88% Pioneer organizations have understand and adopted AI techniques according to organization requirements, 82% Investigator organizations are not using it beyond the pilot stage whereas 24% Experimental organizations were adopting AI without understanding it. These results seem to reflect that AI has profound effects on financial industry to streamline its credit decisions from quantitative trading to financial risk management and fraud detection. This study also discovered that the widespread use of AI have raised a number of ethical, moral and legal challenges that are yet to be addressed. Although AI is gaining popularity day by day and it is believed that AI will improve work performance beyond human standards but it could not replace human resources fully
Mathematica: Teaching Learning Process at Secondary School Level in Punjab
Get PDFTechnology becomes an integral part of academia. Computer or technology is rooted out from Mathematics. When it is said that 21st century is the century of technology, then how the field of education is remained away from technology. Modern science labs are technology oriented and in such a way the subject of Mathematics is also shifted on technology. Mathematics is not an integral part of daily routine life as well as playing a key role in the progress of science and technology. In the teaching learning process, technology-based teaching is the modern mode of teaching. Keeping in mind the same scenario, current study was conducted to highlight the concept of Mathematica (Mathematics and Information Technology) in the teaching learning process at secondary school level in Punjab province. Study aimed at to observe the technology role on the mathematics’ teaching at secondary school level. The study was quantitative by nature and descriptive approach was adopted. Self-developed questionnaire was applied as a research tool to get the data from the target sample through survey technique. Total targeted sample was 60 teachers who are teaching Mathematics at secondary school level and their 200 students. Findings of the study revealed that technology usage in the teaching learning process of mathematics enhance the understanding of the mathematical concepts many times
Insertion of English Subject in LL.B Syllabus: A Critical Analysis
Get PDFSince the independence of Pakistan, English has been the language of the whole legal system including the judicial decisions of superior and subordinates courts. Indeed, in general, English language has been playing a pivotal role in order to understand the spirit of legal system, statutes, and judicial verdicts. Therefore, the students of the legal education have been taught additional English subjects in the first three semesters as approved by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and endorsed the same by the Pakistan Bar Council with the aiming to enhance their understanding and improvement of English language. However, it is witnessed that the insertion of additional English language courses in the legal education has been criticizing. This research intends to critically explore the significance of English language courses and its liaison with the LL.B program. This treatise adopted a qualitative research method in order to achieve the proposed objective. It carried out an in-depth critical analysis of the insertion of English language courses. Further, face to face interviews of various law students and teachers have been conducted and transcribed accordingly in order to support this research. This study adopted a purposive sampling method because of legal research along with semi-structured interviews
Humanitarian Principles: Laws Protecting Women and Children in Pakistan: A Critical Appraisal
Get PDFThe principles which deal humanity are the core values of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and Human Rights Law (HRL). Both of these codified laws expressly provide utmost protection for rights of women and children suffering war hostilities, armed conflicts and other natural disasters. These vulnerable groups are protected in the behest of International Law as well as Municipal laws. Indeed, it is admitted fact that during such crisis they become most vulnerable subject of the society. In this context, the statutory laws in Pakistan have also been promulgated in consonance with the IHL, HRL and Refugee Law. The main corpus of these rules has been embodied either directly or indirectly in the Constitution of Pakistan, 1973, and as such, International Law have been ratified and thus is provisions are binding on Pakistan. However, it is observed that their applicability is not proper at state level, and as such they could not have provide effective remedies to the children and women in Pakistan. The aim of this research is to analyse critically, the applicability of Municipal Laws concerning with the protection of the rights of women and children in Pakistan, and for this objective, doctrinal research method has been adopted
Democracy VS Autocracy: University Students’ Perception
Get PDFGovernance system of any country let it clear to the other nations about the socio-economic culture and economic development of it. In the world, there are two major governance systems are under the practice: democracy and autocracy. Pakistan is one among very few countries who came into being on the name of religion. And according to its constitution it is a democratic country but unfortunately it remains governed by army or civil autocratic. Keeping in mind the same context, this study was designed. In addition, Pakistan is the second biggest country whose more than 60% population is based on the youth. So, study’s major focus is on youth’s and especially the youth which is the part of universities and with their perception, it was determined whether they percept Pakistan as a democratic country or autocratic? To achieve the aim of the study, quantitative research design was adopted, and survey technique was used. The study is delimited to southern Punjab region of Pakistan. All public sector universities of this region were the population of the study. By adopting multistage sampling technique, from each university 10 departments and from each department 10 (05 male and 05 female) students were targeted. A self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection. Questionnaire have three parts and each part is analyzed separately. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS (Version 21). The study has meaningful results and findings
A Framework to Reduce Road Congestion by means of Data Analytics
Get PDFThe density of vehicles on the road especially in urban areas keeps on increasing to large amount day by day. Especially during the peak hours of the day, large amount of people wastes much of their time in traffic signals. Not only they waste energy by burning excess fuel and releasing CO2 emissions in the environment as well as their time and money. An idea has been proposed to monitor the traffic congestion by means of data analytics on image data and solve the critical traffic congestion issue. The CCTV or surveillance cameras installed at the top points on the roads acts as a medium to provide image data as an input to analyze road traffic congestion by counting the number of vehicles under specified interval of time. Monitoring of traffic congestion using image processing techniques is very useful for the future urban road planning such as: 1) if there is a need to make the road wider, 2) if there is a need to add more lanes on the road, 3) if there is need to make flyover or a bridge to control the traffic on the roads. It will help municipalities to structure and expansion of the roads
Agriculture Biomass and Indoor Air Pollution as Risk Factors for Women Health
Get PDFThis research looks at the effects of biomass and air pollution on women's health. Respondents were surveyed using a multi-stage questionnaire. Data was collected purposively. a self-designed survey (72 items) was used to collect data Results show that a strong correlation was established between age and nonrespiratory diseases. The findings reveal that a positive relationship was found between age, respiratory disease, and non-respiratory diseases. It indicates that age predicts health-related among women. The study's findings show that the use of Agriculture Biomass (UAB), Indoor Air Pollution (IAP), Frequency of Usage (FU), Kitchen Type (KT), Kitchen Ventilation System (KVS), and Time Spent in Kitchen (TSK) have a significant impact on women's respiratory diseases (WRD), whereas the type of stove (ST) and exposure to smoke (ES) have no significant impact on women's health. Collectively, these variables predict up to 20% of respiratory diseases (Upper and lower respiratory infection, Cough, Lung cancer, Asthma, Throat irritation, Cough without phlegm) among women but predict 36.9% of non-respiratory diseases (Diminished vision, Eye irritation, Watering of eyes, Running of the nose, Cough/without phlegm, Hypertension, Stroke, Skin irritation/skin burn and Miscarriages, Stillbirth and Low birth weight) in women
Relationship between Organizational Justice Dimensions and Organizational Commitment: A Mediating Mechanism of Overall Justice
Get PDFThe research on organizational justice (OJ) by and large focuses on OJ dimensions and their impact on employees’ attitude and behaviour. However, some researchers suggest an equal focus on the concept of overall justice. The objective of this paper is to determine the level of prevalence of OJ dimensions within private sector universities of Pakistan, and to evaluate whether overall justice mediates between OJ dimensions and OC. Kenny’s contemporary approach to mediation was used to test the mediating effect of overall justice. Our results reflect that with the exception of distributive justice, remaining three dimensions prevails within private sector universities. Similarly, there is no direct relationship between OJ dimensions and OC, rather, this relationship is best explained by incorporating overall justice in the model