Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL) (E-Journal)
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The Impact of Innovation on the Pakistan Economy Measuring through Performance/Portfolio Innovation Index
Get PDFInnovation plays pivotal role in economic development. Several proxies’ exports of high technology, manufacturing sector share in GDP, ICT goods exports, R & D spending, employment population ratio, capital formation (gross), tertiary enrollment rate, poverty rate and unemployment rate are selected from numerous literatures that plays key role in growth of economy and contributes in promoting the innovation activities as well. The study has used the time series data which covers the period from 1985 to 2016. Econometric techniques ARDL and GMM E-views tests suggested by Unit root test are applied on these variables by dividing it into two indices: input indices and output indices which give positive results of having long run relationship with GDP. Moreover Performance/ portfolio innovation index is calculated by taking above proxies as base variables by the method used by Purdue centre of R&D, USA (2009). Results revealed that Pakistan strongly needs to enhance its innovation capacity to accelerate growth level of its economy
Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) and its Impact on Quality of Life (QoL) of Disabled Children
Get PDFDisability has a substantial impact on a person's Quality of Life (QoL). Rehabilitation, a process where measures are taken to improve the QoL of people with disabilities, uses a variety of techniques. Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is one such technique. It was developed in response to the region's serious QoL as well as its poor accessibility to and availability of rehabilitation services. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to address the concerns facing impaired children and to create a reliable intervention (CBR) for handling those problems. A quantitative research method was applied in this study. Data was collected from 256 participants who were with mild disability i.e., Hearing Impaired, Visually Impaired, Mentally Retarded and Physically Handicapped along with their immediate families, concerned trained volunteers from five different schools. In-depth research was conducted on them by using instrument i.e., World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL) Bref (WHO, 2004), The CBR model implemented in the community of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The results of the study revealed satisfactory proof of CBR effectiveness. According to the study, a community-based integrated model of CBR that employs an educational strategy following the guidelines in the WHO CBR manual has positive associations with the enhancement of the QoL of disabled children and the caregivers who care for them. Implementations and future research suggestions are also discussed thoroughly
Influence of Family, Peers, and Media on Children's Participation in the Family Buying Process
Get PDFThis study is intended to investigate the different socialization agents for the Pakistani children, who are playing a vital part in family purchasing decisions process. A quantitative research approach was performed in the shape of a survey along with questionnaire was filled to ascertain how the effects of the family, peers, and media on children's participation in family purchasing decisions. Study was conducted on Pakistani households with children aged 8 to 12, whether they had one child or more. The findings revealed a correlation between parent-child ties and children's ability to affect family purchasing decisions. Parent-child interactions, peer groups and media have a significant impact on children's decision-making about family purchases in Pakistan. Hence, it is determined that family purchase decision-making is a collaborative process in which both parents and children contribute, influence, and carry out a variety of roles. The study provides understandings for researchers who wish to comprehend the operation and the multiple factors influencing it, for marketeers who recognize a consumer segment within this group and who thus need to comprehend the factors influencing them, as well as for decision-makers who must ensure that learning occurs properly
Academic and Cultural Capital of Students in Pakistani Schools: The Role of Field
Get PDFWithin a field, capital and habitus of individuals has great impact in structuring their future practices. Therefore, it can be connoted that field, capital, and habitus all are relational terms and it is not possible to understand these terms by separating them from one another. This study was conducted to explore the role of field in social reproduction among students. This study was qualitative and phenomenological design was used as it examines human experiences through the descriptions provided by the people involved. Teachers teaching at secondary and higher secondary in the two streams of schools (ICT-based public and private) were the population for the study. A total of 24 teachers were randomly selected by using the sample selection rule of Gay and Diehl (1992) as a sample of the study. Data were collected in three rounds through self- constructed in-depth interview guide. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings indicate that effective instructional practices of teachers can enable students to improve the cultural capital of students coming from diverse cultures/backgrounds. Furthermore, it was found that by improving the critical thinking, problem-solving, and reasoning skills of students, both types of schools are trying their level best to improve the academic performance of students that leads to strengthening their academic capital. The paper suggests that to further strengthen the role of field in the academic and cultural capital of students in Pakistani schools teachers need to deal effectively with students of diverse cultures
Empathetic Leadership and Follower Workplace Engagement: Mediating Role of Climate for Inclusion
Get PDFAlthough inclusive climate is an emerging approach in empathetic leadership to enhance workplace outcomes, limited research has shown how empathetic leaders create climate for inclusion. The basic aim of current study was to investigate the role of empathetic leaders to promote a climate for inclusion and to examine the effect on workplace outcomes. Survey method was used to collect data of female teachers from various universities. Data revealed that Empathetic leadership plays a vital role to create an inclusive climate for female teachers to engage at their workplace. Findings supported the research hypothesis and research model and established a connection between empathetic leadership, climate for inclusion and follower workplace engagement
Corporate Governance Index, Financial Performance, Access to Finance and Bankruptcy Prediction: Evidence from Sugar Sector of Pakistan
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to develop a corporate governance index and to investigate the influence of corporate governance index on the financial performance of firms, access to finance and bankruptcy prediction of sugar sector listed firms on Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period 2008-18. Data of 30 sugar sector firms listed on PSX have been used for analysis. Corporate governance index is developed on the basis of 19 attributes, covering 4 broad categories: Board structure, its functionality, disclosure of information and committees of board. The fixed and random effect models have been used based on Haussmann specification test for analysis purpose. This study shows that there is a positive relationship among corporate governance based on corporate governance index and firm performance when performance is measured in term of market capitalization and it has negative relationship when performance of a firm is measured is terms of return of assets, return on equity and net profit marginal. Further corporate governance index has positive relationship with access to finance when it is measured with KZ index and SA index while there is no direct relationship observed among corporate governance index and access to finance when measured by WW index. The results of the study shows that there is positive linkage among corporate governance index and bankruptcy prediction when bankruptcy prediction is measured by Working Capital/Total Asset ratio and negative relationship with bankruptcy predictions when measured by using Retained Earnings/ Total Asset, Earnings before interest and taxes/ Total Asset, Sales/ Total Asset, Cash flow/Total debt, Net income/ Total Asset and Total debt / Total Asset ratios. Results of the study suggest that good corporate governance practices lead towards better firms financial performance and improves the chances to acquire finance
The Nexus Between Metacognition and Procrastination
Get PDFThis research examined the effects of metacognition on procrastination and also investigated how metacognition plays an integral role in the development of procrastination. The study also examines the moderating roles of metacognition and gender on procrastination. The sample was selected by using two-way cluster sampling, i.e., 254 students (74 males and 180 females) from the Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Participants were given the Tuckman Procrastination Scale (Tuckman, 1991) and the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) (Wells & Cartwright Hatton, 2004). Results indicated that and metacognition both have a negative correlation with procrastination. In sum, the present findings provide adequate understanding of the relationship between some positive and negative impacts of metacognition on procrastination. The implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations are taken into consideration for future research
Should firms leverage Social Media usage to enhance Supply Chain Efficiency? A Post Covid-19 Empirical Investigation
Get PDFWith the unavoidable spread of post-covid-19 digitization across the globe, firms have started opting for social media usage to meet the emerging competitive business landscape. Accordingly, this paper intends to investigate the impact of social media usage on supply chain efficiency. Furthermore, it also aims to observe the mediating role of both quality and intensity of knowledge sharing between social media usage and supply chain efficiency. Structured, survey questionnaires along with a convenience sampling technique were used to collect data from 312 active social media users. Appropriate supply chain representatives which majorly includes manufacturers, retailers, and consumers were taken from the Fashion Industry of Pakistan. The overall result depicts that social media usage across the supply chain is significantly related to supply chain efficiency. Results also validate the mediating role of intensity and quality of knowledge sharing, for enhancing overall supply chain efficiency through social media usage. The findings assist supply chain channel members across industries of Pakistan in general, and the fashion retail industry in particular. The study clearly, propagates the integrated and multi-layered social media usage across supply chains, for anticipated SC efficiency and related performance outcomes
Analyzing Language and Power Relationship; A Critical Discourse Analysis of Imran Khan's Speeches
Get PDFLanguage has variety of roles in the lives of human beings. It speaks volumes about how someone uses language and makes it distinct from one culturally diverse person to another. Language in this sense plays a crucial role in determining how and what individuals say and, in turn, such language use in the political discourse will be reflected upon by others, positively or negatively. Politicians within any system, often depends on the language to assert power, persuade and convince people of their ideologies. This paper considers the language used by the Former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Mr. Imran Khan as demonstrated in his spoken political discourse. More specifically, it attempted to analyse the language as used by a well-known politician and leader. The study holds qualitative analysis of Mr. Imran Khan’s spoken political discourse to interpret Imran Khan’s word choices to reflect his intention in a political realm. For sure, it can convince and persuade people in believing particular desire, ideology or even action. For this purpose, Imran Khan during his leadership locally and internationally were analysed based on the theoretical framework of Fairclough's three-dimensional model. The study reveals several findings including Mr. Imran’s linguistic and rhetorical strategies in demonstrating his leadership in Pakistan and abroad
Corporal Punishment in Schools: A Narrative Analysis of Contemporary Situation
Get PDFThe environment at home, school, social circles, and key life events all have an impact on students’ wellbeing in the formative years. The tremendous familial and societal pressure placed on pupils to be high academic achievers is a prevalent factor in the Pakistan’s context. Scoring marks is the primary goal, particularly in South Asian culture where students’ performance has been reduced down to competitive testing formats. High grades on progress cards have been linked to a better likelihood of gaining admission to prestigious schools, resulting in a promising career and future. Security, family pride, and social position have all been connected to these factors. With this perspective, parents, often impose unrealistic expectations on the child and in schools, teachers deliberately or unintentionally use the corporal punishment to achieve and maintain the discipline and good grades of the students which negatively affect their behaviors and regress them academically (Nair, 2014). This narrative review-based paper explain why teachers are using corporal punishment as the terminal solution for most of the problems despite of legislation against corporal punishment in schools through “Prohibition of corporal punishment Bill, 2014”? This paper concluded that teachers are unable to abide this law effectively due to their personality traits tagged with their own aggressive childhood experiences. Therefore, it was suggested that in order to eradicate the corporal punishment from schools, teachers’ psychological well-being assessments and their counseling may be way forward to achieve the students’ well-being