Review of Education, Administration and Law (REAL) (E-Journal)
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Attitudinal Obstacles and Fears of the Employers about the Hiring of Persons with Disabilities in Pakistan
Get PDFPersons with disabilities in Pakistan must contend with rigid mindsets when looking for work prospects. The report found the employers' concerns and skepticism regarding the productivity of employees with physical limitations. Data from 60 small, medium, and large businesses has been gathered to look at employer concerns about hiring people with disabilities. Employers' major reasons for not hiring people with disabilities include productivity, coworker acceptability, safety, turnover & retention, work performance, dependability, the expense of accessible accommodations, and a lack of the requisite job skills & experience. Significantly, the study will demonstrate research-based understanding regarding the attitudinal obstacles that people with impairments confront while trying to enter the workforce. There are suggestions for ensuring that people with impairments have equitable access to job possibilities and for raising awareness of disabilities among employers
Yield and Profitability Comparisons of Modern Agricultural Production Technologies Adoption: Evidence From Cotton-wheat Punjab (Pakistan)
Get PDFBased on the survey data, the study has made yield and profitability comparisons in the contexts of modern agricultural production technologies adopted by the cotton growers of district Bahawalpur. The extent of modern agricultural production technologies adoption was gauged through constructing a modern farming index (MFI). Based on the points scored regarding MFI, the cotton growers were classified into five categories. By applying independent samples t-test, the comparisons of means were made between technologies adopters and non-adopters with respect to per acre yield, cost of production, gross income, and profit earned. On an average, in comparison with the non-adopters, the categories of good adopters and exceptional were obtaining respectively, 17% and 22% higher per acre yield and in the same order, 19% and 27% higher per acre profit. On an average, in comparison with the cotton growers without land laser levelling, those having land laser levelled were obtaining 11% higher per acre yield and 10.6% higher per acre profit. Likewise, in comparison with the cotton growers applying pesticides manually, those applying pesticides through boom sprayer were obtaining about 17% higher per acre yield and 18.2% higher per acre profit. The study concludes that technology adoption in agriculture is pivotal to productivity, production, and profitability outcomes at farm level, hence at national level
Role of Governance, Trade, and Tourism in Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan
Get PDFThe Primal objective of this research is to reveal the role of governance, tourism, and trade in the stimulation of FDI inflows in Pakistan. These forces have been integrated for empirical methodology after a detailed examination of past studies. The study took data set for selected variables from World Development Indicators (WDI) and World governance indicators (WGI) for the past two decades (2000-2021). Except for governance, tourism, and trade, this research incorporates macroeconomic stability and financial development as the stimulators of FDI inflows in Pakistan. In statistical data estimation, after using the ADF test, the ARDL technique is applied based on the variable's cointegration order. Both short and long-run estimates of ARDL confirmed the statistical significance of all studied variables that are governance (GOVEF), tourism (LTRSM), trade (TD), gross savings (GS), and broad money (BM). Bound test and CUSUM disclosed that there is long-run cointegration and the examined model is statistically significant and stable. Overall findings disclosed that GOVEF and trade are positively correlated, while LTRSM confirmed a negative association with FDI inflows for the case of Pakistan
Developing Critical Thinking Skills among Prospective Teachers through Teaching Educational Research Course: A Quasi Experimental Approach
Get PDFThe study aims to develop critical thinking skills among prospective teachers. The study was experimental in nature; quasi experimental approach was used to conduct the study. The population of the study was prospective teachers studying at master level. Sample of the study was 73 prospective teachers enrolled in the educational research course in two groups. The first was labeled as the control group, while one was labeled as the experimental group. To assess the critical thinking skills of prospective teachers test was developed by the research using guidelines of Watson and Glaser test. Test was consisted of five dimensions i.e. analyzing, assumptions, deduction, and inference and interpreting information. Cronbach's alpha determined the test's reliability to be 0.80. Intervention was consisted of 10 lessons related to educational research course. The prospective teachers performed well in analyzing, Assumptions, deduction and overall CTS in post-test as compare to pre-test. There was statistically noteworthy the variation between the or before as well as post-test grades of Inference and interpreting. The critical thinking skills are essential element to compete 21st century challenges. Prospective teachers have to face many educational challenges to improve students learning, it is necessary that they should be prepared with CTS either to infuse through separate curriculum or embed with existing curriculum
Foreign Inflows and Existence of Dutch Disease: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFThis paper tries to evaluate the economic importance of foreign inflows in determining the real effective exchange rate. Monetary policy plays a substantial role in determining the stability of prices, trade and foreign inflows like foreign direct investment, personal remittances, and foreign aid. In this study, the causal relationship is analyzed among policy variables and control variables. The study used secondary time series data from 1960-to 2020. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips Perron (PP) unit root tests are used to check the stationary of the variables. Results showed that all variables are stationary at the level I (0) and the first difference I (1). The auto regressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach and Granger Causality approach is discussed to find cointegration and causality respectively. ARDL Bound test reveals the cointegration existence among the variables. ARDL results suggest that foreign inflows (Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Aid, Personal Remittances), Trade and Inflation showed a significant relationship with Real Effective Exchange Rate in the long run. Granger Causality suggested the existence of Causality among Foreign Aid and Real Effective Exchange Rate, Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Aid, Trade and Remittances. The results of the study are found in contradiction with the law of one price
The Mediating role of Effective Communication between Organization Strategy, Structure, Culture and Organization Performance
Get PDFEffective communication plays very important role to accomplish organizational goals and objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of organizational culture, structure, and innovation strategy on the performance of hotels through taking effective organizational communication as a mediator. Quantitative research design was used to accomplish this purpose. Data were collected using survey method through previously developed/tested questionnaires. The data were collected at organizational level and one response from each hotel was collected from top level managers. More than 340 questionnaires were delivered to respondents and 255 questionnaires were returned. Data analyses were conducted using SEM-AMOS. The findings indicate that organizational culture, structure, and strategy all had significant and positive impact on organization performance as measured through balance scorecard. Additionally effective communication served as a partial mediator between all organizational factors and performance. The findings suggest hotels’ management to focus on innovation strategy and rely on organic structure to improve communication and boost up performance. Additionally, they must have a customer focused culture and an employee focused culture that supports job variety and job satisfaction among staff members. Through those ways, effective communication would develop that would help improve hotel performance.  
Reformation of Prisoners Through Rehabilitation; The Analysis of The Pakistani System in the Light of International Standards
Get PDFSeveral aspects of Pakistan’s present rehabilitation structure are inconsistent with the emerging norms of International human rights law. This research suggests that the existing statutory, administrative and judicial systems should be reformed to attain exactitude in the law through maintaining a correct balance between the notion of ‘public protection’ and the ‘rights of sentenced persons’ through a fair and balanced reformation and rehabilitation centric system
Competitiveness and Export Performance of Pakistan’s Mineral Sector in Global Market: A Constant Market Share Analysis
Get PDFThe aim of the current research is to measure the export competitiveness in the mineral sector of Pakistan in the world market. This study collected the data from International Trade Center (ITC) and employed Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) to quantify the competitiveness of mineral exports during 2010-2021. The CMSA depicts the growth of any country's exports in terms of their competitiveness, market, and product structure. In addition, the change in total exports decomposes at both first and second level decomposition. This study finds out that average structural effect (SE), total effect (TE), competitive effect (CE), commodity effect (COME), and specific competitive effect (SCE)are positive from 2010-2021, while average residual effect (RE), market effect (ME), interaction effect (IE), general competitive effect (GCE) are negative. The current imperative is to explore and harvest natural assets utilizing cutting-edge technology and skill. Pakistan should concentrate on diversifying its mineral resources, both in terms of the nature of the products and the markets they serve. For increased profits, the nation should target those markets with relatively larger profit margins and advantageous terms of trade
Nexus between Tourism and Economic Growth in Pakistan: Using Gregory Hansen and ARDL with Structural Break
Get PDFThe tourism sector has achieved considerable importance over time in Pakistan as it makes indirect profits that increase foreign trade, public infrastructure, and foreign direct investment. Pakistan has massive potentials in the tourism sector. The present study analyzes the nexus between tourism and economic growth in Pakistan by using the Gregory Hansen co-integration and ARDL structural break econometrics approach on annual data from 1985 to 2020. The findings obtained through Gregory-Hansen's approach showed that structural break had appeared in the year 2009. For estimating the long-run coefficients structural break ARDL approach has been used. The study shows that tourism receipts significantly escalate economic growth. Furthermore, labor force participation and gross capital formation significantly and positively impacts the economic growth. The study recommends that Pakistan should pay proper attention to the tourism industry to promote allied sectors for achieving higher economic growth
Self-reliant Learners in Higher Education: Perspectives and Insights
Get PDFThe prime objective of this study was to explore the level of adopted self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies of students studying at higher education. A qualitative research approach was adopted to collect data from the students of one public sector university. A convenient sampling approach was adopted to collect data from sixty participants studying in various undergraduate programs. A semi-structured interview protocol was developed to collect data based on the three key components of self-regulated learning. All the interviews were recorded verbatim for analysis. Content analysis was performed to analyze data. Sub-categories of three phases of SRL model was considered as unit of analysis. Findings were inferring in view of each phase of self-regulated learning. Findings suggested that the adopted level of self-regulated learning of learners at higher education was very weak. As to forethought, learners do not set goals, plan and analyze their tasks. As to performance phase, students mostly reported their working styles. They report certain strategies to perform their tasks which were mostly collaborative. They did not particularly mention about self-control and self-observations in relation to their tasks. Lastly, as to self-reflection phase, no particular finding was identified in relation to this phase, students mostly depend on their teacher to receive feedback on their tasks. They hardly judge their performance and react accordingly