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Detection of carbapenemase in acinetobacter baumannii enrolled in the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance
Get PDFBackground and objective: Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant pathogenic bacterium in the health system. The ability to resist antimicrobial drugs and biofilm formation gives the considerable capacity to A. baumannii for existing in a harsh environment, enabling this bacterium to cause hospital-acquired infection. Carbapenem is an important treatment option for severe nosocomial infection and patients infected by multidrug-resistant organisms. The main aim of this study is to detect carbapenemase in isolates, and its association with biofilm formation as well as antibiotic resistance.
Methods: Sixty A. baumannii isolates were obtained from several hospital districts in Erbil city. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) of isolates were performed by VITEKII compact system. Phenotypic identification of carbapenem by sCIM also biofilm-forming was detected by 96 well method. Additionally, three antimicrobial agents were used if they were successful in eliminating biofilm formation. .
Results: The majority of the isolates were from sputum, accounting 75% and antibiotic susceptibility showed that the isolates are resistant to the most available antibiotics, and significant of the isolates formed strong biofilm. The sensitivity of meropenem, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin were employed for ten isolates of A. baumannii after biofilm formation it was found that biofilm cells need more concentration of antibiotic than planktonic cells then phenotypic detection of carbapenem showed that the overall positive values were 30 (50.0%) for sCIM.
Conclusion: We revealed that most resistant isolates have a greater capacity for biofilm development than sensitivite isolates. Biofilm-producing strains of A. baumannii cannot be killed with the relatively similar concentration of antimicrobial drugs that are needed to kill planktonic cells
GIS Visualization of Solid Waste Disposal Sites and Environmental Impacts in Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Get PDFThe increase in the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) has made environmental problems in the Kurdistan Region (KR)-Iraq. Current study illustrated components and generation rates (GR) of MSW in seven different cities of KR. Geographic information system (GIS) was applied to locate MSW disposal sites, components, and generation rate in the cities. The study reported the maximum GR for MSW in Sulaymaniyah City which was 1.20 Kg/Capita/day and the minimum GR for domestic solid waste in Erbil City was 0.65 Kg/Capita/day. In-addition, the amount of organic waste component (OWC) in Erbil, Halabja, Sulaymaniyah, Semel, Duhok, Qaladize, and Ranya Cities were 79.34 %, 58 %, 65 %, 65 %, 79 %, 75.1 %, and 67.05 %, respectively. The average GR and OWC were calculated to be 0.972 Kg/Capita/day and 71.91%, respectively. Consequently, all MSW disposal sites had great impact to the surrounding areas resulting in air, water, and soil contamination
Hybrid Method for Accretive Variational Inequalities Involving Pseudocontraction
Get PDFWe use strongly pseudocontractions to regularise a class of accretive variational inequalities in more general settings, the solutions are sought in the set of fixed points of another pseudocontraction. In this paper, we consider an implicit scheme that can be used to find a solution of a class of accretive variational inequalities. Our results improved and generalise some results of Yaqin and Chen
Properties Of Lightweight Concrete Made Of Recycled Wood Wastes
Get PDFSustainable structural lightweight concrete has been produced using the waste of wood particles found in disposal areas of wood factories and carpenters. These wastes form a bunder on the environment and recycling them will provide a gain to the environment and the economy. Wood particles of aggregate size have been used in variation with percentages (0%,5%,7%,10%, 12% and 15%) of the cement weight. The concrete produced becomes light weight reaching 1600 kg/m3 (33% reduction). The workability kept constant by controlling mix properties of SP doses. The compressive strength ranged between 60 MPa for control samples to 30 MPa for 15% wood particle concrete, a max reduction of 54% is resulted, however the overall reduction was 42%. Applying superplasticizer SP has improved the results and reduction becomes 22% overall. The corresponding flexural strength ranged between (12 MPa to 22 MPa), with overall increase of 7% over the control specimens increased to 34% when using SP.These findings provide encouragement to use the wood particles lightweight concrete in structures. However, durability remains the main concern. The concrete should be protected from severe exposure and humidity. Therefore, it is recommended to be used in indoor exposure
Some Difficulties of Noun Clauses Experienced by Advanced Students of English: A Study in Tishk International University in Erbil
Get PDFNoun clauses in English go unattended in many grammar books and coursebooks. Although reported speech is part of noun clauses, it is given in B1 level, but noun clauses are not taught even in advanced levels. In the study we did, we worked on advanced learners of English who were candidates for taking IELTS exam and realized that even these adult learners did not know this topic. We explained the topic by dividing into segments and concluded that they got very successful at this topic. Noun clauses are so uncommonly taught that even these learners did not do well in the pre-test, but later in post-test, they got satisfactory results showing that they had learned thoroughly
Smartphone Use of Freshman Students at a Private University in Iraq
Get PDFA wealth of research has been carried out on smartphone use in line with the revolutionary advancements in ICT technologies. However, employing an example of figurative language to describe smartphone use is not common in previous studies. This study was conducted to contribute to the literature in this regard. Therefore, 40 Foundation English students at a private university in Erbil, Iraq were chosen by systematic sampling method. The students took a survey, a questionnaire and an interview within 10 weeks. Quizizz software program was used to conduct the questionnaire and the survey. Subsequently, MAXQDA software program was used to transcribe and analyze the interview. Content analysis method was preferred to classify the themes and interpret accordingly. During the data collection process, students` favorite activities, daily or weekly usage and importance of smartphones were explored in detail. Students` simile examples were classified under 4 subheadings which were food and drink, electronic devices, stationery items and people. The findings revealed that social media platforms were the most popular pastimes; the amount of time on smartphone increased during the weekend; smartphone addiction level was noticeable. The findings of this study may have some implications on the problematic use of smartphones and its adverse effects on users` personal, social and professional lives
Parenting Styles in Chimamanda Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus
Get PDFThe quality of parenting that children get throughout childhood and teenage years performs a crucial role in determining their developmental ability and eventually the course of their lives. The parent-child relationship exercises a massive impact on children and influences various of development such as language and communication, mental processes and cognitive abilities, self-restraint, peer relations, academic achievement, and psychological health. This study analyzed the parenting practices portrayed in Chimamanda Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus. Two aspects of parenting were shown and illustrated through Kambili’s father, Eugene, her mother, Beatrice, and her aunt, Aunty Ifeoma. While Eugene exercised strict and oppressive parenting and her mother displayed submission and obedience, Aunty Ifeoma demonstrated a liberal and tolerable parenting style
An Empirical Study of the Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance the Case Study of Educational Non-Governmental Organizations During the Covid-19 Outbreak
Get PDFThe Third-sector organizations, known as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) working on had an essential role in improving education, building human capital, sustainable development, humanitarian aid, and raising entrepreneurs, especially in the areas of political conflict and increased poverty. This research aims to analyze the effect of Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance in three selected Educational and human aid NGOs in the Kurdistan Region/Iraq during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is claimed to be novel to study the concepts in businesses on NGOs. The author used a self-administered questionnaire with included two validated measures and demographic items. The data has been collected from 83 respondents working as employees in the NGOs selected. The author used Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and linear regression to justify the hypothesis developed. The results show a strong positive relationship between EI and job performance. The EI positively and significantly affects Job Performance and there is no difference between the genders of the study in terms of Emotional Intelligence and Job performance. The study recommends educational and human aid NGOs consider EI as an important factor in increasing the performance of their employees, and this research is to be a foundation for further research to understand the application of management concepts of Businesses in the context of NGOs
The Power of Storytelling: Analyzing the Significance of Stories in Communication, Education, and Cultural Preservation
Get PDFHumans have been telling stories for as long as there have been people, and it is much more than just entertainment. It acts as a powerful tool for education, communication, and cultural preservation, influencing how we see the world, spreading ideals, and strengthening bonds between people and communities. Drawing on a wide range of cultures and literary works, this article explores the tremendous influence of storytelling on our understanding of the world, the transmission of cultural values, and the creation of meaningful connections
THE INFLUENCE OF FORMULAIC SEQUENCES ON STUDENTS’ ORAL PROFICIENCY VIA COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS
Get PDFFormulaic sequences, particularly idioms and collocations, have received increasing attention in English
language learning settings to bridge the gap between daily and academic life. Thus, it is expected to
increase students’ motivation in English classes when they see reflections of formulaic sequences in their
daily lives. Although the number of publications has risen exponentially to measure the effects of idioms
and collocations on students’ proficiency globally, a gap in the literature has been pinpointed about their
roles in the Iraq context. In this regard, this study aimed to explore the potential influence of idioms
and collocations on students' oral proficiency. Having chosen sixty first-year students by employing a
convenience sampling method to represent two experimental and one control groups equally at a private
university in Erbil, Iraq, in the spring semester of the 2022-2023 academic year, the students went
through the intervention spanning twelve weeks. Experimental group students received the education
either with a collocation-enriched or an idiom-enriched format, respectively. However, control group
students continued their education according to the prerequisites of the official curriculum. Data were
collected via speaking exams and interviews to obtain quantitative and qualitative data in this quasiexperimental design study. Collected data, analyzed by SPSS 26 and NVivo, revealed that collocation and
idiom-enriched groups outperformed the control group. Similarly, experimental group students had more
positive views on collocation and idiom-enriched education with various compelling reasons, such as
being catchy, handy, and effective. The findings of the study may have some implications for stakeholders
who plan to implement formulaic sequences in English classes