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Risk Factors Associated with Congenital Anomalies among Children Admitting Surgical Unit in Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil City
Get PDFBackgrounds and objectives: Congenital anomalies, which can affect how the body operates, are anatomical, functional, or metabolic abnormalities that develop during intrauterine life. The study aimed to identify risk factors associated with congenital anomalies among children who are admitting to the surgical unit at Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil city.
Methods: descriptive, case-control design was used to conduct this study. This study was conducted in Rapreen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Erbil from 1st of July to 1st of October 2022. Non- probability purposive sample of 100 mothers with congenital anomalies children and admitted to the Surgical Unit and 100 mothers with other health condition children (control group) at Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital were asked respectfully to participate in the study. Descriptive and frequency, Regression analytics was used for exploring the factors associated with congenital anomalies, Chi-square was used to find out the association between dependent and independent variables, and t-tests were used to identify the differences between case and control groups.
Results: the results show that that anemia in pregnancy, previous history of congenital anomalies, family history of congenital anomalies, Pesticide use, living near of mobile station, passive smoke, stress during pregnancy, didn't use folic acid, and drink of coffee during pregnancy had a very high statistical difference between case and control P-value <0.001, while Radiation exposure had a difference between case and control P-value of 0.045. That age of mothers and weight were factors which highly statistical associated with congenital anomalies among children P-value 0.001 and <0.001 respectively, moreover age of father and history of previous abortion were factors behind the congenital anomalies P-value 0.033 and 0.017 respectively.
Conclusions: the study concluded that age of mothers and father, weight, and history of previous abortion were factors behind the congenital anomalies. Primary prevention is most important to reduce the incidence of congenital anomalies and the morbidity asso-ciated with it
Adaptive Threshold-Based Tumor Detection Algorithm For Mammograms Images
Get PDFBreast cancer is without doubt the leading cancer among women, and it is one of the most damaging illnesses to females that should be periodically checked. Early detection of breast cancer can reduce the mortality caused by this disease by 95%. However, studies mention that up to 25% of tumors are missed by radiologists. In this paper, a tumor detection algorithm in mammogram images is developed by relying on simple calculations that are based on adaptive thresholding and tumor area size. Low complexity calculations will ease the implementation of the algorithm in embedded systems and in real-time detection. The proposed algorithm is used to detect the circular type of tumor and it is developed with a graphical user interface to ease the process of selecting mammogram images and changing settings of threshold values and the size of tumor area. Experimental results show the ability of the algorithm to successfully detect and differentiate circular tumors from normal and fatty breast tissue
Apoptotic Potential of Glucomoringin Isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) Isolated from Moringa oleifera Lam Seeds on Human Prostate Cancer Cells (PC-3)
Get PDFInhibition of several protein pathways involved in cancer cell regulation is a necessary key in the discovery of cancer chemotherapy. Moringa oleifera Lam is often used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. The plant contains glucomoringin isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) with therapeutic potential against various cancer cells. Therefore, GMG-ITC was evaluated for its cytotoxicity against the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line and its potential to induce apoptosis. GMG-ITC inhibited cell proliferation in the PC-3 cell line with IC50 value 3.5 µg/mL. Morphological changes as a result of GMG-ITC-induced apoptosis showed chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, and membrane blebbing. Additionally, Annexin V assay showed proportion of cells in early and late apoptosis upon exposure to GMG-ITC in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, GMG-ITC induced a time-dependent G2/M phase arrest, with reduction of 39.1% in the PC-3 cell line. GMG-ITC also activates apoptotic genes including caspase, tumor suppressor gene (p53), Akt/MAPK, and Bax of the proapoptotic Bcl family. Early apoptosis proteins (JNK, Bad, Bcl2, and p53) were significantly upregulated upon GMG-ITC treatment. It is concluded that apoptosis induction was observed in PC-3 cells treated with GMG-ITC. These phenomena suggest that GMG-ITC from M. oleifera seeds could be useful as a future cytotoxic agent against prostate cancer
Pre-service EFL teacher's perceptions of foreign language writing anxiety and some associated factors
Get PDFResearchers have been striving to investigate the causes and consequences associated with writing anxiety experienced by students of foreign languages. This study aimed to investigate the level and nature of writing anxiety experienced by learners of foreign languages, considering gender as a variable. The study's second goal was to uncover the learners' perspectives on writing anxiety and the factors that contribute to it. The convenience sample method was used to choose seventy-six students to participate in the English language teacher training course. Second Language Writing Anxiety Reasons Inventory (SLWARI) and Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) (Cheng, 2004; Kara, 2013) [1,2] were used in order to determine the levels and types of anxiety that are associated with learners' foreign language writing. Both inventories were used to determine what causes learners' foreign language writing. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of how students perceive the level of anxiety they feel when writing, a semi-structured interview was conducted with each participant. The data showed that there was no difference when taking into account learners' gender concerning their anxiety levels and kinds. The vast majority of individuals reported feeling a significant amount of anxiety. The subjects exhibited cognitive anxiety symptoms, although there were no indications of gender effect. The responses to the interview questions highlighted a deficiency in both writing practice and linguistic expertise as critical contributors to anxious sentiments
Stumbling Blocks of Online Learning During COVID 19 Pandemic – Perspectives of Students of Selected Universities in London
Get PDFCOVID 19 Pandemic has led to mayhem across the Planet. Educational institutions are the worst affected arena. There is a paradigm shift from conventional classroom teaching to online methods. But it has its own obstructions. Thus, this research is undertaken to study the impediments of online learning faced by the students of selected universities of London. The questionnaire was administered among 200 students out of which 196 responded. The results of the Study reveal that the major obstructions which hindered online learning were lack of computer skills, internet connectivity issues, difficulty in operating the software, absence of social bonding between teachers and students, difficulty in recording lectures, difficulty in grasping practical courses such as mathematics, finance, accounting, engineering etc. To cope up with the Stumbling Blocks, the Study advocates some of the most innovative and creative ways such as application of Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy, VARK Model, 5/5/5 rule etc
Evaluation of bioconvection for sinusoidally moving Jeffrey nanoparticles in view of temperature dependent thermal conductivity and Cattaneo-Christov heat diffusion model
Get PDFWith impressive thermal outcomes, the nanofluids present multidisciplinary applications in the cooling processes, thermal systems, extrusion processes, heat storage devices and many more. The aim of current research is to inspect thermal impact of Jeffrey fluid with tiny particles under the assumptions of variable thermal conductivity. The problem is supported with applications of chemical reaction, activation energy and magnetic force. For heat and mass transfer phenomenon, Cattaneo-Christov diffusion theories have been implemented. The formulated model is solved by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM) with excellent accuracy. The graphical analysis is performed with specified range of parameters like 0:2 6 H 6 0:8; 0:1 6 - 6 1:7; 0:0 6 N 6 1:5; 0:0 6 P 6 3:1; 0:3 6 c 6 0:6; 0:6 6 W 6 3:2; 0:5 6 X 6 2:0; 0:0 6 R 6 1:5; 0:2 6 Nt 6 1:7; 1:0 6 Pr 6 1:9; 0:5 6 Sc 6 1:4; 0:3 6 b 6 1:5; 0:1 6 e 6 1:0; 0:2 6 Nb 61:7: The assessment of flow parameters is graphically evaluated. It is observed that both velocity profiles periodically enhance for Deborah number while temperature, microorganisms and concentration distributions decelerate. The greater estimates of variable thermal conductivity and heat generation improve the temperature distribution while conflicting scenario ensures for thermic relaxation constant
Improving IELTS speaking skills of EFL learners through the extensive reading at a tertiary level
Get PDFExtensive reading has increased its popularity globally as it offers flexibility to choose any book and read in an increasing volume to derive pleasure. Accordingly, the number of studies regarding it has increased in the last two decades. It has been observed that a gap is prevalent in the literature to measure the effects of ER on students’ speaking competence through a standardized test at a tertiary level in Iraq context which has prompted the researcher to conduct this study. In this regard, the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of extensive reading on students’ speaking competence through the IELTS Academic Speaking Test within a span of 10 weeks. 45 Foundation English course students who joined lessons actively at TISHK International University in Erbil, Iraq were chosen by convenience sampling method in the 2022-2023 Academic Year. The data were collected through speaking exams and interviews in this mixed methods design study. Collected data analysed by SPSS 23 or NVivo revealed that extensive reading substantially increased students' marks in the IELTS Speaking test, restored their self-confidence, improved their motivation and affected their overall attitudes towards learning English in a pleasurable way. This study's implications can provide a basis for education stakeholders who are considering introducing an extensive reading-enriched program at educational institutions
Environmental Threat of Soil Erosion in the Gwang Khola Watershed, Chure Region of Nepal
Get PDFChure, also known as the foothills of the Himalayas that extends from east to west of Nepal, is an essential region due to the hotspot of biological diversity and various natural resources, including recharge groundwater for the Tarai region of the country. However, the Chure region has a high rate of soil erosion due to human activities and natural processes, a severe issue in the Chure region. This study looked at soil erosion in the Gwang Khola watershed in the Chure region. We used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model to measure soil loss by soil erosion. The results showed that about 547,992.9 tons of soil were lost annually in the Gwang Khola watershed. The results indicated that 5,259.87 hectares of the land area were in a very low-risk zone for soil erosion. Similarly, 317.79 hectares of land had a moderate risk of soil degradation, while 13.59 hectares of forest area posed a high threat. The extreme-risk erosion area was situated above 1,250 m. In contrast, the moderate and the low-risk regions of soil erosion had a lower elevation range of 950 m to 1,250 m and 650 m to 950 m, respectively. The findings of this study may aid planners and policymakers in preventing soil erosion and protecting the ecosystem in this watershed and those with similar circumstances
Investigating the Causes of the Decline in Mathematics Performance Among High School Students in Iraq: A Teacher\'s Perspective.
Get PDFRecent studies indicate that mathematics performance by high school students in the Iraq have
declined considerably. There are many reasons that have been advanced for this phenomenon,
chief among them, the political turmoil the country has gone through in the recent past. This paper
endeavoured to find out specific reasons that teachers perceive to be causing such decline in
performance. Data was collected from teachers in 8 major cities of Iraq through an online
questionnaire. The results show that mathematics curriculum, lack of proper grounding in the
foundation years, lack of concentration among students during lesson time and overcrowding in
the classroom contribute to demotivation of students in mathematics leading to poor performance
The Effectiveness of Massaging, Swaddling, and Reflexology Intervention in Mothers’ Practices Regarding Infantile Colic
Get PDFBackground and objectives: During the first few months of a baby's life, the parents should deal with terrible condition of infantile colic, in which the infantile cries, groans, or otherwise displays signs of suffering. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of massage, swaddling, and reflexology intervention programs in the practices that mothers use to treat infantile colic.
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was employed to investigate 60 mothers (30 subjects in the intervention group and 30 subjects in the control group) who attended treatment and routine follow-ups in outpatient primary health care centers for infantile colic in Erbil from August 1, 2022, to December 1, 2022. A format for health education programs was constructed and designed based on related literature. The data were collected through face-to-face interview techniques, the post-test was administered after one month of intervention with the program. ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant
Findings: According to the findings, almost all of the infants in both groups were in their second month of life. Comparing mothers` practices for massaging, swaddling, and reflexology score between the control group and the intervention group before the intervention program (pretest) showed no statistically significant difference. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the mothers` practice for massaging, swaddling, and reflexology score between the control group and the intervention group after the intervention program (post-test). Moreover, there was a statistically significant median increase in massaging, swaddling, and reflexology scores (between the pre- and post-test) of both groups.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that massage therapy, swaddling, and reflexology care can be significantly effective in managing infantile colic