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The Smoking Prevalence Among University Students in Erbil City/ Iraq
Get PDFBackground and objectives: To assess the prevalence of smoking among university in Erbil city in relation to gender, also the difference in brushing between the two groups (smoker and non-smoker students). Methods: a cross sectional survey were planned to consist of 600 students from 3 different universities (Hawler Medical University, Tishk International University and Salahaddin University) with an age range 17-25 years old. Results: The prevalence of smoking was 33.1% and those smoking students smoked Hookah in about 47.2%, while 39.2% smoked cigarettes and 13.6% of them smoked Vipe. Prevalence of brushing among smokers and non-smokers were approximately the same (98.5%- 98.3%) respectively.
Conclusions: the prevalence of smokers was nearly one third of students. Male smokers were more than female. Hookah used mainly by the students than the other types. Prevalence of brushing teeth was approximately the same among both groups. Nearly three-fourth of the students among smokers and non-smokers did not have bad breath
Human Factor in Teaching: Teacher Perspective-I
Get PDFWithout a human element, teaching can never provide students with what they want. In this qualitative study, educator perspectives on what is good for great teachers were explored through a 3-statement google form. To better understand what “a great teacher” means, one hundred educators from four countries (Nigeria, Georgia, Cambodia, and Iraq) were asked to fill out an online questionnaire. This research shows that, despite some commonalities, there are various definitions of a great teacher across countries. These different perspectives positively or negatively affect teacher-student relations and education quality in institutions from country to country
Religious Education Policies of Republican People’s Party (1923-1950) And Democrat Party (1950-1960) in Turkey
Get PDFThe decline in the influence of religion in social life in the face of modernization movements pointed to a new world in which secular paradigms prevailed. As a matter of fact, the Republic of Turkey, founded in 1923, started its revolutionary transformations in the field of education. First of all, they took religious education under the control of the state and opened new institutions. However, due to the indifference of the society to these institutions, they closed them completely in 1933. Afterwards, they did not put the issue of religious education on their agenda again until 1946. However, during this period, the political conditions all over the world changed and the need for democratization of Turkey emerged. In this period, when it was opposed by another party for the first time, the Republican People’s Party put religious education on its agenda. However, it seems that they approached this issue rather reluctantly. The Democrat Party, which came to power later on, took very important steps regarding religious education and tried to meet the demands of the society. However, at the same time, it was criticized by the secular elite for taking steps against the republican revolutions
The Integration of Technological Devices in Mathematics Education: A Literature Review
Get PDFThe emergence into the new era requires teachers to employ technological devices to meet the requirements of their students in mathematics education. The incorporation of technology into mathematics learning has the potential to promote teaching and learning of mathematics because these devices can increase effectiveness by means of their features. The use of technology in mathematics education can foster thinking skills, achievement, motivation, and self-efficacy of learners. Mathematics learning requires logical reasoning and problem-solving abilities. Through using textbooks, it is not easy to develop these skills of students; however, technological tools can create an authentic learning environment for students in which they experience learning and promote deeper understanding of mathematical concepts. This article explores the benefits of employing technology in mathematics education
The Evolution of the English Language: From Origins to Modernity
Get PDFThe English language is an exceptional linguistic system that has fascinatingly evolved over time. English has been affected by a variety of influences and circumstances, from its beginnings as a Germanic language spoken by tribes in what is now England to its current role as a worldwide lingua franca. The vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation of English have undergone substantial changes over its history, reflecting the intricate interplay between cultures, communities, and technological breakthroughs. This article traces the history of the English language, emphasizing the key factors that have influenced its form and structure along the way
Literature and Identity: Examine the Role of Literature in Shaping Individual and Cultural Identities
Get PDFLiterature has always been important in forming both personal and cultural identities. Literature reflects the complexity of human identity via the representation of individuals’ experiences, cultural origins, and personal development. By exposing readers to a variety of viewpoints and tales, they help readers get a greater knowledge of their own sense of self. This article will examine the significant influence of literature on the development of identity at the individual and cultural levels. We learn how characters’ journeys operate as a mirror for readers, exposing the complexity of identity and its ever-changing nature, through examining the storylines of various literary works. Readers can see characters overcoming obstacles, considering social norms, and growing as people via these stories. Readers are prompted to consider their own personal development and the transformational potential of life events as a result of this investigation, which builds a greater awareness of the fluidity of identity. Readers are given a richer knowledge of the complexity of identity and its ongoing growth through the various viewpoints and travels portrayed in literature
The Effects of Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Enriched Instruction on EFL Learners’ Writing Performance in an Academic Writing Course
Get PDFBloom’s Taxonomy has received considerable attention on a global scale since it was first introduced by Benjamin Bloom and his associates in 1956. Since then, it has served as the basis for test design and curriculum development in many institutions globally. Bloom’s Taxonomy was revised in 2001 by Lorin W. Anderson and his associates to refine terms in learning objectives. Six classifications have been set to define learning outcomes in a graded way. To this aim, current study was carried out to measure the effects of Revised Bloom Taxonomy enriched instruction on students’ scores in an Academic Writing course. 40 students,17 female and 23 male ones, were chosen through systematic sampling method. The students were studying at TISHK International University Language Preparatory School located in Erbil, Iraq in 2021-2022 Academic Year. Control group students received traditional writing instruction, whereas experimental group students were exposed to Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy integrated instruction. The study lasted 12 weeks, and each student was required to write 6 essays according to a pre-defined plan. Data were collected via a pre-test, a post-test exam, an interview and a survey, in line with a mixed method research design. The findings of the study revealed that Revised Bloom Taxonomy based writing instruction increased students’ writing scores substantially, improved their motivation and changed their attitudes towards learning the rules of creative writing in a graded format, whereas the gains were not noticeable in the control group. The findings of the study can have some implications for stakeholders in education who are exploring ways to integrate taxonomy into their Academic Writing course curriculum
Teaching Mathematics: Strategies for Improved Mathematical Performance
Get PDFDue to its abstract nature with complex concepts and the need for precision, learning mathematics can be a challenging endeavor for many students. Unlike other subjects that rely on tangible objects, mathematics deals with theoretical constructs and requires a unique set of skills and approaches that makes it difficult to master. Failing to understand mathematical concepts may lead students to frustration and a sense of falling behind. However, the use of some simple strategies while learning mathematics enable students to understand mathematical concepts better. This article tries to explore some major challenges that students encounter while studying mathematics and discuss strategies to overcome these difficulties and become proficient in this subject
A Postcolonial Reading to My Father’s Rifle: A Childhood in Kurdistan
Get PDFThe struggle for Kurdish identity extends from the Ottoman Empire to modern nation-states. The creation of nation-states catalyzed the transition from “feudal nationalism” to Kurdayeti. Hiner Saleem’s autobiography, My Father’s Rifle: A Childhood in Kurdistan, provides a firsthand perspective on the experiences of the marginalized Kurds in Iraqi Kurdistan. It offers insights into their social, cultural, and political contexts and power dynamics. While Saleem’s work reflects the voice of an understated people, it also requires a postcolonial reading to fully appreciate its content and structure. This study provides a postcolonial reading to Saleem’s autobiography, arguing that the narrative tries to narrate the challenges that the Kurdish ethnicity faced to preserve their ethnic and national identity within the frame of Iraq
Mentor-Mentee Relationship: 12 Suggestions from English Mentors to Mentees
Get PDFA wealth of research has been carried out on the effects of mentorship programs in EFL and ESL settings. Mentors have been regarded as the source of knowledge and experience to train mentees. Nearly all countries have allocated a certain amount of time and money for the betterment of English mentorship programs, so the mentees will have ample opportunity to improve their professional conduct in educational institutions. In this study, the concise suggestions of 12 English mentors who have pursued a long career in education through numerous countries were examined. This qualitative study lasted 8 weeks, and the data were collected by in-depth one-on-one interviews which were transcribed and classified through MAXQDA software program. The results demonstrated significant points to consider for less experienced teachers who want to have a promising career in education. The mentors` ideas were categorized under 12 headings to assist less experienced teachers on the way of being a professional and committed teacher. Analyzed data can have some implications for future English mentorship programs and educational institutions on a global scale