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Balancing efficiency and ethics in public administration: The role of artifical intelligence in administration law of the Middle East
Full text linkThis study examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public administration within the Middle East, aiming to balance efficiency enhancements with ethical considerations. The objective is to identify the most suitable AI implementation strategy that optimizes operational efficiency while ensuring ethical compliance, transparency, and public acceptance in administrative law. The research employs the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method to evaluate four alternative AI implementation strategies. These alternatives are assessed against five criteria: efficiency improvement, cost reduction, ethical compliance, transparency, and public acceptance. Each criterion is weighted according to its importance, and an evaluation matrix is constructed to apply the VIKOR method for ranking and selecting the optimal strategy. The VIKOR analysis indicates that Alternative B (Partial Automation with Human Oversight) is the most favorable strategy, effectively balancing efficiency gains and ethical requirements. Alternative C (AI-Assisted Decision Making) ranks second. The findings suggest that integrating AI with human oversight offers a compromise solution that enhances administrative efficiency while upholding ethical standards, transparency, and public acceptance in the Middle Eastern context
Narrative structure patterns in selected children’s book on disabilities
Full text linkNarrative is one the genres that has unique structure distinguishing it from other genres. This study attempts to investigate the narrative structure patterns in selected children\u27s books on disabilities. This research employed a qualitative approach utilizing content analysis. Qualitative procedures were employed to identify the structures of narrative texts. The data were in the form of text selected from 4 (four) children\u27s books on disabilities. The reason for choosing those books was based on specific criteria namely the diversity of disabilities represented, the popularity of the books, and their availability in Indonesia. The analysis was done by categorizing the generic structures of each text. Referring to the analysis, out of the four texts analyzed, only text number 2 does not include a coda in its structure. Although a coda is not always present in all narrative texts, it is often used as a closing part to provide a reflection or moral message from the story. At this stage, the writer can convey lessons that can be learned from the narrative or story itself. Moreover, it also serves to reaffirm the main message of the story and provide a more holistic conclusion of the story
Removal of discretion requirements in Government decision making based on copyright law
Full text linkElimination of conditions for the use of discretionary legislation must be followed by regulations. Article 24 point b of the Job Creation Law aims to provide more flexibility to government officials in making decisions for the purposes referred to in Article 22 paragraph (2) of the UUAP, bringing juridical implications for the use of the basis for decision making, the basis for lawsuits, and the basis for testing the validity of law (toetsingrecht) government decisions. In addition, the abolition of these conditions must also be followed by the threat of criminal sanctions for officials who commit criminal acts of corruption based on the provisions of Article 3 of the Anti-Corruption Law. This is done to avoid the escape of suspected perpetrators of corruption from the snares of the law. Because the criminal threat is based on Article 2 of the Anti-Corruption Law, if the suspect is not proven to have committed an unlawful act, then the suspect is based on the legality principle in criminal law, "no action can be punished unless it is regulated by law
From traditional to constructive digital classrooms: Learners’ perceptions of technologies in reading classes
Full text linkTechnologies had significantly contributed to developing academia, especially for academic literacies. The growing demand for understanding the integration between contemporary reading technologies’ usefulness, ease of use, continuous use and learners’ perceptions in a higher education context is highlighted in the literature.
Among frequent studies on implications of reading technologies, only a few came across issues concerning learners’ perceptions; none of them was conducted in an Arab context. The present study aims to explore learners’ perceptions of implications, i.e., usability and usefulness, of technologies in traditional reading classrooms. Furthermore, the study aims to explore their preferences and motivations to continue using technologies in performing future academic tasks.
A quantitative survey questionnaire is used to collect data from 351 respondents through 34 questions using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) at 24 universities. The data were analysed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), as well as descriptive analysis using SPSS.25.
The study verified proposed correlations in the conceptual model. The model and proposed hypotheses yield novel findings. The study identified preferences for using smartphones, then computers, interactive whiteboards and digital platforms in reading classes, respectively. It also found that the usefulness of technology significantly influences learners’ preferences and ability to use it. The findings displayed a total variance of 89% for learners’ motivation to continue using technologies, which they are able to use in future academic tasks. The study concluded with implications and recommendations for researchers and policymakers
The beliefs in Karma and rebirth as motivation for charitable giving: A theoretical model
Full text linkThis paper proposes a two-period model with consumption/donation choices to explain how religious beliefs in karma and rebirth affect donation behavior. The first period corresponds to the present life, and the second period corresponds to the next life. Solving the model’s utility maximization problem shows how an individual allocates income toward donation to receive merit in the next life and how the amount of donation is affected by factors such as incomes, heterogeneity in karmic and rebirth beliefs, heterogeneity in warm-glow preferences, and cost of donation. In addition, this paper considers the role of donation tax allowance incentive in a warm glow model. The results of theoretical models show that charitable organizations can increase donations by (1) emphasizing karma believers (2) enhancing psychological benefits from donations (3) reducing costs associated with making donations and (4) promoting tax-deductibility of the charity
The Evolution of Social Media Language: Slang, Emojis, and Linguistic Shifts Across Platforms
Full text linkThis research offers several theoretical and practical developments in the fields of linguistics and communication sciences by offering proof of the presence of social media as a factor of language change. Thus, it also contributes to the development of the existing work by operationalizing and comparing generational discrepancies in the semantic taxonomy of social media terminology, acronymization, and emoticons. The implications of these emerging linguistic practices, as presented in the study, provide useful directions for scholarly analysis, instructional approaches, and professional practice concerning the dynamics of present-day communicational media. In this way, this research fills the gap between the theoretical and the empirical and expands the literature on the way various digital platforms impact language and communication processe
The role of STARA competencies in driving AI adoption performance in tourism and hospitality: A systematic-quantitative synthesis of dual mediation analysis of self-efficacy and Techno-Eustress
Full text linkThis study investigates the dual mediation roles of AI self-efficacy and techno-eustress in the relationship between leaders’ STARA (Smart Technology, AI, Robotics, Algorithms) competencies and AI adoption performance in tourism and hospitality. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates a systematic literature review of 28 peer-reviewed articles with quantitative data from 401 employees in Saudi five-star hotels and tourism firms. The systematic literature review synthesizes conceptualizations of STARA competencies and psychological mediators, while partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) tests hypotheses derived from social cognitive and technostress theories. Results reveal that leaders’ STARA competencies significantly enhance AI adoption performance both directly (β = 0.176) and indirectly via self-efficacy (β = 0.143) and techno-eustress (β = 0.195). The dual mediation model explains 39.3% of AI adoption variance, underscoring the interplay of technical leadership and psychological readiness. The results align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 9, and 12, linking AI integration to decent work, innovation, sustainable practices, and future economics. The study advances digital leadership theory by integrating psychological mediators into technology adoption frameworks and offers actionable insights for cultivating AI-ready workforces through competency development and stress management
Human vs. ChatGPT’s translation strategies: A comparative study of religious terms in children’s literature from English into Arabic
Full text linkLargely because of the emergence of neural machine translation, which has produced notable gains in translation quality, the field of machine translation has advanced quickly in recent years. At the same time, artificial intelligence has shown amazing advancements; its uses now include translation assistance, which draws great attention in many different sectors. As culture is one of the main problems faces the translators, religious terms and expression need to be carefully translated as they are very critical and sensitive. This paper compares the performance of GPT-3 with that of human translators by examining the techniques used by GPT-3 in translating religious and culturally specific items. Religious terms are taken from three children’s stories addressing particular cultural concerns for this purpose. The translated religious terms and expressions extracted from the Arabic version for both professional human translator and GPT-3 have been analyzed and examined. The study categorizes the chosen items using established theoretical frameworks based on translation strategies: direct translation, retention, specification, generalization, substitution, and omission. The translation performance of GPT-3 is compared with that of the human translator using a descriptive analysis technique. The results indicate that GPT-3 appears to rely on a limited number of strategies, whereas the human translator employs a greater variety of techniques
Social and political transformations in Jordan: A sociological study of state-society interaction in the context of regional crises
Full text linkThis study explores the impact of regional crises, specifically the Palestinian and Syrian crises, on the social and political transformations in Jordan. It examines how these crises have shaped Jordan’s internal stability, socio-political structures, and governance. The research highlights the pivotal role of the Jordanian government in managing the repercussions of these crises through policies such as the Jordan Response Plan (JRP) and the Jordan Compact, alongside the critical contributions of civil society organizations in promoting social cohesion and supporting affected populations.
Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study employs historical analysis, and thematic analysis of secondary data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges Jordan has faced. The findings reveal that while Jordan has maintained relative stability amidst regional turmoil, the influx of refugees has strained its resources and heightened social tensions. These pressures underscore the urgent need for political and social reforms to address issues of governance, resource allocation, and public participation.
The research concludes that strengthening partnerships between the government and civil society, enhancing democratic processes, and nurturing economic resilience are essential for ensuring Jordan’s long-term stability and sustainable development
Assessing DeepSeek and ChatGPT in English-Arabic translation of political texts
Full text linkThis study compares the performance of two state-of-the-art AI translation models, DeepSeek and ChatGPT. With a focus on the accuracy and fluency criteria, the research explores how the two models translate English political news headlines into Arabic. Data were extracted from ten English-language news websites: Reuters, BBC, Al Jazeera, The Guardian, The Wall Street Journal, and The Times, which varied in their reporting styles and commentary regarding the events of 2024. Very politicized content was involved in these samples, which encompassed the DeepSeek and ChatGPT models that were trained. Translations were subsequently subjected to rigorous testing by the Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) system, which assessed accuracy, fluency, terminology, style, and the effective handling of context and nuance. Comparison demonstrates that both models have particular strengths and weaknesses. AI translation engines must be tuned and tested in a way that ensures responsible and dependable cross-lingual communication, especially in political news reporting. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the promise and limitations of AI in enabling next-generation political communication, as well as the extent to which further research is needed to develop such technology