Journal of Educational Research in Developing Areas
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Parent related factors on lower primary performance in basic science of pupils in Ibadan north local government area, Oyo state, Nigeria
No full textIntroduction: This study investigated some parent related factors, which are interest in science, parental involvement and parents' job specialization as determinants of lower primary pupils' performance in Basic Science in Ibadan.
Purpose: The study sought to examine some of the parental related factors that could affect lower primary pupils in Basic Science.
Methodology: An ex-post facto Comparative research design was adopted for the study. Random Sampling Technique was used to select five (5) the primary schools and pupils in Ibadan. A total of ninety six (96) pupils were randomly selected to give their parents the questionnaire to fill and the same pupils’ academic records in Basic Science were collected from the schools. Also, two (2) instruments were used: the first instrument titled; Parents' interest in science Questionnaire (PISQ) and the second one titled; Parental Involvement Questionnaire (PIQ). The validity and reliability indexes for PISQ and PIQ are 0.70 and 0.76 respectively.
Result: Findings showed that parents are interested in science to some extent and there was no significant composite contribution of the independent variables (interest in science, parental involvement and job specialization) on lower primary pupils’ performance in Basic Science. Also, none of the parental factors considered in the study, had a significant relative contribution to the academic performance of lower primary pupils in Basic science.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Recommendations made are: provision of educational enlightenment programmes to increase parental interest in science in order to enhance children learning science.
Effect of cognitive restructuring counselling technique on reduction of bullying behaviour among secondary school students in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: Bullying as a relational behavior where younger and less stronger ones experience malicious intention from some bigger or stronger ones has been noticed among students. The latter were found to show the intent to harm others because of some reasons among which are life experiences that shapes their behavior.
Purpose: Examined the effect of cognitive restructuring counselling technique in reducing bullying behavior among secondary school students in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study used a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test experimental and control group design. The study population comprises of 71 bully students and a sample of 40 students, assigned to the experimental and control groups, respectively. Bullying Behavior Questionnaire (BBQ) was the instrument used for data collection. Validities of face and content for the instrument were established and also a reliability index of 0.88 was achieved through the test-retest technique. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics frequency and simple percentage in answering the research question while t-test for independent sample was used in testing the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance.
Results: It was revealed that there is a significant difference in the effect of the cognitive restructuring Counselling technique on reduction of bullying behavior between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group (t = -10.544, p = .000). However, there was no significant gender difference in the effect of the cognitive restructuring counselling technique on bullying behavior (t = .095, p = .926).
Recommendations: Teachers, counsellors, and all stakeholders in education should use the cognitive restructuring Counselling technique to treat bullying behavior of students
Effects of social skills training on prosocial behaviour of senior secondary school students in Lagos state, Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: The study investigated the effects of social skills training on prosocial behaviour of senior secondary school students in Lagos state.
Purpose: The goal of this study was to reinforce or improve prosocial behaviour among senior secondary students in Lagos State using social skill trainings.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. There are three Senatorial districts in Lagos State out of which two public secondary schools used for the study were randomly selected. One hundred and twenty participants consisting of sixty males and sixty females who had low prosocial behaviour were assigned to one treatment group and a control group. Prosocial Behaviour Questionnaire (PBQ), was used as instrument to elicit responses from the participants. Three hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
Result: The findings demonstrated a strong main effect of treatment on adolescents' prosocial behaviour in public senior secondary schools. The gender had a significant effect on the prosocial behaviour of the adolescents.
Findings: The results showed that the package could be a real tool for giving adolescents the skills they need to improve their relationships with others in society.
Recommendation: Social skills’ training was recommended for use by teachers, counsellors, psychologists, parents and others
Some antisocial variables on academic performance of elementary school pupils with hearing impairment and articulation disorders in Lagos state, Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: Developing expressive language skills requires extensive and additional care to guarantee a worthy collection of words, to acquire attentive listening skills, to speak confidently and clearly. Speaking is an important communication skill significant and fundamental to children's intellectual, social, and emotional development.
Purpose: The study purposely examined some antisocial variables on academic performance of elementary school pupils with hearing impairment and articulation disorders in Lagos State.
Methodology: The study adopted survey design in which 120 elementary pupils from twelve government primary schools across all three senatorial district in Lagos state. The instruments that were used for the study were adapted scales and formulated questionnaire with internal consistency 0.78. Four research hypotheses were formulated. These were tested statistically through the use of chi-square statistical methods.
Result: The study revealed that there is significant influence of antisocial variables (self esteem and truancy) on academic performance of elementary school pupils with articulation disorder in Lagos State. The study also revealed that there is a significant influence of self esteem on academic performance of elementary school pupils with articulation disorder.
Conclusion and Recommendations: Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that teachers, parents or legal custodians should be mindful of the effects that articulation disorder wields over self-esteem which is the incentive for success, continue stay in school and academic performance
Usage of social media and study habits among student nurses in Cross River state, Nigeria
Get PDFPurpose: This study was carried out to determine the influence of social media usage by student nurses on their study habits.
Methodology: Expost facto research design was adopted. Three research questions were answered and one hypothesis tested. All the 679 student nurses in the three state owned schools of Nursing in Cross River State in the 2020/2021 academic session were studied. Validated researchers designed structured questionnaire was used to gather data. The statistical techniques applied were mean, standard deviation and one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance.
Results: The results ranked WhatsApps as most common and twitter as least used social media, students spent average of 3hours 50 minutes a day on social media, the most likely activity student nurses engage in social media in school is for academic purpose while the least reason is to search for friends. Social media has significant influence on student nurses study habits in terms of attendance to lecture, completion of assignment, preparation for examination and resting period. The study concluded that student nurses use diverse social media applications, social media is an integral part of student nurses’ academic and social life and if the social media is properly harnessed it will assist students’ learning. Recommendations: It was recommended among others that students’ interest in the use of social media should be guided towards those study habits that will enhance their academic success and lecturers should leverage on students’ knowledge and usage of the social media tools and adopt them for effective communication and as instructional tools
Importance of principals' moral character and their leadership in education to provide high-quality secondary education in Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: The quality of education in Nigeria is a critical factor influencing the nation development, the role of school principals in shaping this quality cannot be over emphasised. While academic qualification and administrative skills are essential, the moral character of a principal is equally important. There is a need to explores the significance of a principals’ moral character and leadership in providing high quality secondary education in Nigeria
Purpose: This review will help the principal to inspire and motivate teachers to deliver high quality instruction and support student learning since Schools are made great by their principals, not by their beautiful buildings, without the leadership exhibiting certain attributes that can improve job performance and those of subordinates, education and character development is not possible. A good relationship between principal, teachers and students are based on trust and respect lead to character formation. Principal should be a model moral concern who demonstrates a high level of respect in the school.
Recommendation: The researcher recommends among others that principals should adapt their leadership philosophies to match their roles and the circumstances they encounter, go to conferences that will enable them to carry out their responsibilities with competence, help their teachers and students to acquire the kind of character necessary to realise the stated educational goals and, participate in capacity development workshops, seminars, and symposiums
Application of Marxist analysis: Basis for accounting for ethno-regional inequalities in education and consequent opportunities in Kenya
Get PDFIntroduction: Addressing inequalities in education has been a necessary condition for equal opportunities to be achieved. Accordingly, providing equal opportunities in education has also been a step toward maintaining social equality. An inhibited educational opportunity within some ethno-regions and social groups is the main source of this occurrence.
Purpose: To investigate persistent ethno-regional inequalities in education in Kenya using Marxist ideology.
Methodology: This philosophical study has employed ideas or viewpoints from the philosophy of Karl Marx and related ideology to probe the persistence of inequality in education. Marxist analysis has involved studying, and evaluating educational reports with a view to find out if equality in education in Kenya is a reality or an ideology (illusion).
Results: The Kenyan education system has inbuilt inequalities within it. These have included: stratification in form of classification of schools as public or private, national, extra-county, county and sub-county. The hierarchical organization of schools has always contributed to the hierarchical aspect of Kenyan society. The majority of rich families enroll their children in private schools, giving them access to a system that is selective in terms of work and household income. Therefore, education in Kenya has not improved equality as intended. In reality, it has been imitating the current societal structure. The illusion of scholastic achievement has been upheld by the affluent, who have used it to justify their position while blaming the inferior status of the poor to their own failure. They have defended the presence of those with various statuses through philosophy.
Recommendations: The study recommended that Kenya should adopt instreamed comprehensive schooling instead of different types of schools, and that no privatization or private control of educational institutions
Comparison of ability estimates under computerized adaptive testing and linear computer-based test: Implications for assessment use in Africa
Get PDFIntroduction: Computer Based-Test (CBT) is seemed more preferred in ability estimation in this 21st century to traditional method called Paper and Pencil Test (PPT). The CBT consisted of two major types namely Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) and Linear Computer Based test (LCBT). The wider acceptability that CAT is receiving in the recent time calls for more empirical research in the area.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish whether there is a significant difference between the mean of the ability estimates under LCBT and ability estimates under CAT and also to establish whether there is any significant agreement between the ability estimates under the two testing (LCBT and CAT) modes that could suggest that CAT can replace LCBT.
Methodology: Causal comparative type of non-experimental design was used. The study was carried out in private secondary schools in Ife East Local Government in Osun state, Nigeria. The study population consisted of 442 Junior Secondary School 3 students who have completed the Junior Secondary School Social Studies syllabus and also completed two stages of the study. The items used were standardized using 3PL model of Item Response Theory to establish all the necessary psychometric properties.
Results: The results showed that CAT has a mean value of (M = 0.646, STD = 0.8799) and LCBT has mean value of (M = 0.148, STD = 0.8538). The observed mean difference (M = 0.479, STD = 0.862) in examinees’ ability estimates under CAT and LCBT was statistically significant, t(441) = 12.129, p = .000. Also, there is significant agreement between the two ability estimates under LCBT and CAT (upper limit value = 2.248, lower limit value = -1.232, bias value = 0.5). The study concluded that ability estimate under CAT was better than that of LCBT; and also, that CAT testing mode can replace LCBT.
Recommendations: The study recommended that CAT should be adopted for use by the examining bodies and higher institutions of learning. Also, that seminar, workshop, and capacity building programs be organized for the concerned educational stakeholders with a view to widening their knowledge in the new area
Attitude and gender stereotypes on girls’ Mathematics performance in the Kenya certificate of secondary education in Kathiani sub-county, Kenya
Get PDFIntroduction: The performance of female students in Mathematics in the national examinations and especially in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E) has been perturbing for quite a long time. This menace has been partly attributed to girls’ attitude towards the subject and partly to gender stereotypes towards Mathematics.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine attitude and gender stereotypes to Mathematics on girls’ performance in Mathematics in the Kenya certificate of secondary education (K.C.S.E) in the Kathiani sub-county of Machakos County- Kenya
Methodology: Descriptive survey design anchored this research study. The study comprised of 1804 girls, 87 Mathematics teachers and 32 principals of secondary schools as the target population. The reliability of the research instruments was tested through the application of the test and retest criteria in two secondary schools and a correlation coefficient 0.7 and above was realized.
Results: The study found that Mathematics was not an interesting subject to the girls for they hated the subject .The research further established that girls had developed a negative attitude towards the subject. The girls’ negative attitudes affect the learning and the performance in the subject.
Recommendations: The teachers are advised to treat both boys and girls equally. This can be done by giving both of them the opportunities to be group leaders in their Mathematics groups as this will boost the girls’ confidence towards the subject
Parental socio-economic status on academic achievement of learners with hearing impairment in Biology in selected schools in Lagos state, Nigeria
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: This research work was carried out to investigate parental socioeconomic status as a determinant of academic achievement of learners with hearing impairment in biology of some selected schools in Lagos state.
PURPOSE: The study identified the effects of the educational background, occupation, and income of parents on the academic achievement of learners with hearing impairment in biology.
DESIGN: Quantitative research method using descriptive design was used to determine the effect of parental socio-economic status on the academic achievement of learners with hearing impairment in Biology. The population for the study constitute all learners in selected special schools in Lagos state. The total population of the study is 200 learners with hearing impairment. A simple random sample which employed the hat and draw technique was used to select ten (10) males and ten (10) female learners with hearing impairment from each selected school which amount to total number of sixty (60) learners with hearing impairment. A self-designed questionnaire titled “Parental Socio-Economic Status as determinants of Academic Achievement” (PSAA) was used with mean and standard deviation to analyze data.
RESULTS: Findings from the study revealed that learners’ academic achievement in Biology is influenced by parental level of education, income and occupation. It was also concluded that there is a direct relationship between parental financial and human capital on the successful learning experience of learners and their academic success in biology.
RECOMMENDATIONS: The results notwithstanding, authors recommended among others that Government, multinational companies and public spirited individuals should be able to identify and support intelligent Learners with hearing impairment from low-income parents with a view to boosting their academic achievement