Journal of Educational Research in Developing Areas
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Impact of Montessori teaching methods on developmental domains in early childhood education in Lagos state, Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: Early Childhood Education and development is a start to life and a reliable foundation to continuing education. One of the reasons that early childhood is regarded up to the age of eight is to enable children acquire a smooth understanding of the entire education from the level of play group to pre-primary and from pre-primary to the level of primary.
Purpose of the Study: The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Montessori teaching methods on the developmental domain of young children in early childhood schools in Lagos state.
Methodology: Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Sample size of two (12) schools of 10 pupils each in the selected schools was employed using convenience sampling technique. Validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics which involves measures of central tendency descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage).
Results: Findings indicate that there is higher impact of Montessori teaching methods on the literacy skills in early childhood education. Pupils from both Montessori and Non-Montessori schools perform equally better in Numeracy Skills. The impact of conventional method of teaching on reasoning skill is better than that of Montessori Method of teaching.
Conclusion: In conclusion, many aspects of Montessori teaching methods positively consider children's developmental needs and should be an integral part of teachers’ working modalities in so-called “non-Montessori teaching methods (conventional public schools)” (such as the possibility for each child to be in multi-age classes; to have an absence of explicit, formal grades, rewards, or punishments; and a low teacher-student ratio).
Recommendations: Based on the results of this study, it is therefore recommended that Montessori system of education may be used to improve language skills of children and to understand art of language at early childhood level
Comparison of environmental attitudes of science and non-science undergraduate students of Sokoto State University, Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: The relationship between man and his surrounding is as old as his origin. All his basic needs of living are from his environment. Recently, the science and technological advancement of Man is resulting to several damages to environment which in turn affect the quality of air, water and climatic factors of the environment. Therefore, there is the need for more individuals with positive environmental attitudes.
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the environmental attitudes of science and non-science undergraduate students in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Three research questions and two hypotheses were answered and tested, respectively.
Methodology: Descriptive survey design was employed involving 322 science and non-science students. The instrument used for data collection is Environmental Attitude Inventory. Items of the instrument were adopted from Uzun, Gilbertson, Keles & Ratinen, (2019) and Milfont and Dukit (2010). The modified items were validated by experts and a reliability index of 0.66 was obtained after the pilot study. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: The findings of the study show that the majority of undergraduate students in Sokoto State University have a moderate environmental attitude and undergraduate science students demonstrated a higher environmental attitude than non-science students.
Recommendations: The study recommended that more training and workshops be organised for undergraduate students to improve their environmental attitude
Ethical issues and tobacco usage among secondary school students in Cross River State, Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: Even though tobacco is not a banned substance, there are moral principles guiding its use and advertisement. Among the ethical or moral principles guiding tobacco use are the sale of tobacco products to minors and the smoking in public places. Enforcement of legislation on such moral principles appear to be weak or nonexistent.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine ethical (moral) issues and the use of tobacco among secondary school students in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study was guided by three research questions. The survey research design was adopted in the study. The population of the study comprised 6,361 public secondary school students from 77 public secondary schools in the study area. Stratified and proportionate sampling techniques were used in selecting a sample of 620 respondents from 25 randomly selected secondary schools in the area. The instrument used for the study is a self-structured and administered questionnaire tagged: “Ethical Issues and Students' Tobacco Use Questionnaire (EISTUQ).” The instrument was treated using the Cronbach Alpha reliability method, to obtain internal consistency. A coefficient of .864 suggests that the instrument was usable for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and percentage.
Results: The result of the analysis indicated that a ban on direct sales of cigarettes to minors, open advertisement of tobacco products, and ban on smoking in public places, significantly influenced students' use of tobacco respectively.
Recommendations: Based on the results, it was recommended that government at all levels, should strictly enforce the ban on direct sales of cigarettes to minors; open advertisement of tobacco products through various advertorial channels; and ban on smoking in public places
Gender and spatial inclusion techniques during classroom interaction and primary pupils’ achievement in literacy and numeracy
Get PDFIntroduction: Teachers prepare the curriculum, prepare contents to be taught, teach the pupils with various teaching aids and methodology, assess the pupils, and sometimes make updates in tune with the current realities and the needs of the society. Classroom interaction is a practice that enhances the development of the two very important language skills which are speaking and listening among the learners
Purpose: This study examined the effect of the application of gender and spatial inclusion techniques during classroom interaction on primary pupils’ achievement.
Methodology: Quasi-experimental design using the pre and post-test experimental approach was adopted. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 100 teachers divided into two groups (experimental and control), 386 students. Three (3) instruments: an Observation Schedule and two Achievement Tests with high reliability values were used for the study. Data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Independent T-test.
Results: The result among others showed that there was significant difference in the classroom interaction pattern of teachers exposed to the treatment from teachers that were not exposed to the treatment in terms of gender inclusion, teaching aids, and teachers’ preparation. However, there was no significant difference in terms of spatial inclusion.
Conclusion and Recommendation: It is thus recommended that more efforts should be geared towards the improvement in the classroom interaction pattern of primary school teachers
Hermeneutics of Kenyanism: A philosophy of education for the attainment of national unity in Kenya
Get PDFIntroduction: Since the attainment of independence from the colonial master in 1963, Kenyans have employed all available resources to keep the nation of Kenya from disintegrating along tribal lines. This has seen national unity being accorded priority in the process of education. However, efforts to establish national unity have faced several challenges, from ethnic tensions to tribal clashes and pogroms.
Purpose: Investigated the most appropriate educational philosophy that can guarantee attainment of the aim for national unity in Kenya.
Methodology: This study employed hermeneutics as a philosophical method of interpreting scriptures, speech, pictures, consciousness, feelings, emotions, and imaginations.
Results: A common way of life referred to as Kenyanism exists such that it is anchored by symbols, environment, culture, religion, and language. The study argued that, in addition to Kenya being a country that comprises many ethnic groups, the geographical boundary, African philosophy and religion, and the Kiswahili language are key tenets of Kenyanism.
Recommendations: The study recommended that education in Kenya should propagate Kenyanism to guarantee the attainment of national unity. Furthermore, education should propagate negative ethnicity education to makes recipients conscious of causes and effects of negative ethnicity
Self-esteem and locus of control on emotional stability of students with visual impairment in Imo state, Nigeria: Implication for counselling
Get PDFIntroduction: Research has shown that visual impairment is associated with various psychological consequences which in turn affect emotional stability. Identifying factors that can influence emotional stability among students with visual impairment is, therefore, imperative.
Purpose: The objective of the study was to determine the main effect of self-esteem and locus of control on the emotional stability of students with visual impairment in Imo state, Nigeria.
Methodology: The study adopted descriptive research. Three instruments were used to collect data for the study; Rosenberg self-esteem scale (ɑ= 0.709), Leverson’s locus of control scale (ɑ= 0.73) and Totkova and Racheva emotional stability scale (ɑ= 0.855). A random sampling technique was used to select 62 students with visual impairment (38 males and 24 females). Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the data collected were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Multiply regression analysis 0.05 level of significance.
Result: The result showed that the joint effect of self-esteem and locus of control on the determination of emotional stability was significant. The result also revealed that there was no significant difference in the emotional stability of male and female students in the study.
Recommendation: Schools should subject students with visual impairment at all levels of education to self-esteem and emotional tests. It is also important that self-esteem training and locus of control training be incorporated into the school curriculum at all levels of education
Comparative analysis of some key performance indicators of education sector support programme in Nigeria (ESSPIN).
Get PDFIntroduction: Educational interventions are programmes injected into the educational sector of any state or country in order to solve specific problems that have been identified by empirical research. In all over the world, such programmes exist. Our focus in this research endeavor is the Education Sector Support Programme in Nigeria which was implemented in six states. The state used in the south-west of Nigeria is Lagos state.
Purpose: Five of the ten Key Performance Indicators of the programme were put to consideration in this study to examine how the intervention has caused them to differ over time from a neighboring state where such intervention ever exist and check whether the difference in the trend of such KPIs are statistically significant.
Methodology: Multistage sampling technique using stratified, random, and purposive sampling procedure in selecting political divisions, ninety (90) schools and ninety (90) head teachers, respectively. Descriptive and Independent samples t-test tool with SPSS software was used.
Results: The results show that though there are improvement in the enrolment, completion, transition rates of pupils and school management skills of head teachers in ESSPIN state when compared with non-ESSPIN state, the differences are not statistically significant. Furthermore, the common entrance examination performance coded Final Achievement Scores in this research is statistically and significantly different from that of the non-ESSPIN state.
Conclusion and Recommendation: It is thus recommended that more efforts should be placed to sustain the improvement in the final academic achievement scores in ESSPIN state
Trigtastrophe: Analysis of the process errors senior secondary students commit in solving trigonometric problems
Get PDFIntroduction: Mistakes made while solving Mathematical problems can provide insight into their difficulties in learning Mathematics. Identifying frequently occurring mistakes can be an essential tool for teachers to assess their students' proficiency in Mathematics.
Purpose: This study was designed to examine the extent to which process errors are made by Nigerian secondary school students while solving trigonometric problems.
Methodology: A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Data was collected from 300 respondents selected from a population of 7304 SS3 students using purposive sampling. The Trigonometry Diagnostic Test (TDT) was used to collect data upon validation by experts in Mathematics education and measurement and evaluation. The TDT had a high internal consistency and a reliability coefficient of 0.89. The collected data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, and the Chi-square test of independence.
Results: The study identified that most Nigerians senior secondary school students made errors in reading, transformation, process skills, and encoding while solving trigonometric problems, whereas comprehension errors were relatively rare. The findings indicated that students' gender and school location did not significantly influence the process errors made while solving trigonometric problems.
Conclusion: The study suggests that Mathematics teachers need to be aware of the different types of errors made by their students in trigonometric problem-solving and develop appropriate programmes to address gaps or disparities.
Recommendation: Based on the findings, it is recommended that Mathematics teachers should design more practical and activity-based trigonometry programs to reduce errors
Stress and frustration tolerance on officiating performance among elite football referees in Nigeria
Get PDFIntroduction: Football referees play an essential yet demanding role in officiating and enforcing the laws of the game (soccer). Despite this role, referees are often faced with challenging situations that tend to interfere with their officiating performance.
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of stress and frustration tolerance on the performance of elite football referees in Nigeria.
Methodology: Three null hypotheses guided the study. A survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of 123 elite football referees participated in the study. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS) and Referee Performance Questionnaire (RPQ) served as the data collection tools. The first two instruments were adopted, and their validity and reliability have since been established. The RPQ was validated using experts’ opinions and subjected to a reliability test of internal consistency. The coefficient obtained was 0.711, which showed high reliability of the research instrument. Data were collected by physically administering copies of the instruments to the elite football referees. Simple and multiple regression analysis was applied to quantify the predictive relationships between perceived stress and frustration tolerance with self-perceived performance.
Results: Findings revealed a negative relationship between perceived stress and referee performance. However, a significant positive relationship was found between frustration tolerance and referee performance.
Recommendation: Based on the results, it was recommended among others that, football organizations should integrate stress management training into referee development programmes
Attitude of adults to e-learning among adult learners in Nasarawa local government area, Kano state, Nigeria
No full textIntroduction: The world is a global village that made it possible for young and old to adapt and acquire techniques of communicating with their relations, siblings, associates, friends, and many others in a few seconds, minutes or hours.
Purpose: These study aimed to examine the attitude of adults to e-Learning among adults learners in Nassarawa local government area of Kano State, Nigeria.
Methodolgy: The study design is descriptive survey. The population of this study was 1000 people selected in Nassarawa local government literacy classes. Male gender is preferred as the sample of the study, because literacy classes do hold during night time at government owned schools. A total of 100 male adults were randomly selected out of the total number of 1000 people. The instrument used for this study was questionnaires developed by the researcher named “Tattled Attitudes of Adults towards E-learning Questionnaires (AATELQ). It was duly validated by experts in measurement and evaluation, psychology and Adult and Non-formal education, the validated instrument was trial tested and reliability coefficient index determined (0.87). Data generated were tabulated and analyzed using simple percentage of mean and standard deviation.
Results: The study found that adults learners are fully enlightened and motivated to learn through e-learning. It also revealed high contribution to the development of literacy and even numeracy in the Nasarawa local government area and all over the world. Everyone can have access to his/her associates through electronic device especially the (GSM) handset. It also indicated attitude change as a result of new acquisition of knowledge and skills.
Recommendations: The study recommended that teachers and parents need to assist the development and advancement of e-learning through regular funding and maintenance