6949 research outputs found
Sort by
Bildung und Demokratie mit den Jüngsten : Diskurse und Praktiken der Demokratiebildung in öffentlich verantworteter Kindertagesbetreuung : Studienreport
No full textDieser Studienreport erläutert die qualitative Studie „Bildung und Demokratie mit den Jüngsten (BilDe 2)“ des Deutschen Jugendinstituts, die, gefördert vom BMBF von 2019 bis 2023, als Teil des Verbundprojektes „Demokratiebildung in Deutschland“ in Kooperation mit dem Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsmedien | Georg-Eckert-Institut (GEI) durchgeführt wurde.
Angesichts vielfältiger nationaler Herausforderungen für die demokratische Gesellschaft sowie globaler Krisen wird in Politik wie Forschung das Verhältnis von Bildung und (demokratischen) Werten vermehrt diskutiert. Wie jedoch der Blick in den Forschungsstand zur frühkindlichen Demokratie- und Wertebildung zeigt, existieren hierzu kaum empirische Einblicke. Die Untersuchung „Bildung und Demokratie mit den Jüngsten (BilDe 2)“ stellte die Frage ins Zentrum, was die pädagogische Praxis in Kita gegenwärtig an Demokratiebildung leistet. Das Projekt ist dieser in einem qualitativen Forschungsdesign nachgegangen und hat sich der frühkindlichen Demokratiebildung über Dokumentenanalysen von ausgewählten Bildungsplänen, mehrtägige videogestützte Felderhebungen in Kindertageseinrichtungen und verschiedene Interviewformen mit Fachkräften, Leitungen und Kindern genähert. Als wesentliche Erkenntnis ist mit Blick auf die bildungspolitische Rahmung von Demokratiebildung in den Bildungsplänen festzuhalten, dass diese sich zwar durchwegs auf Demokratiebildung und Demokratie beziehen, eine systematische Ausarbeitung für die Praxis jedoch kaum existiert. Was die Sichtweisen von Fach- und Leitungskräften betrifft, ist eine grundsätzliche Zustimmung zu Demokratiebildung in der Kita auszumachen, genauso wie eine deutlich positive Haltung gegenüber der Demokratie artikuliert wird. Vereinzelt gaben die Befragten jedoch auch demokratieskeptische Haltungen zu erkennen. Die analysierten Umsetzungsformen in der Praxis zeigen eine große Bandbreite in der Qualität. Deutlich wurde, dass Demokratiebildung gleichzeitig über Strukturen und Methoden zur Transparenz und über eine beteiligungsorientierte und sensitive Interaktionsgestaltung realisiert werden muss.
Bei Qualiservice sind 32 Transkripte von Einzel- und Gruppeninterviews mit Fachkräften, Leitungen und Kindern sowie 39 Transkripte von Videobeobachtungen für die Nachnutzung archiviert
The Robot Architecture Framework - A systematic approach for describing the architecture of complex, autonomous robotic systems.
No full textMany autonomous robots are currently designed based on the system architect’s
individual experience and knowledge, taking into account given factors such as
application and environment. The complexity of robots, but also the diversity of
systems, applications and fields of use, make it difficult to compare these individual
solutions and to transfer architectural approaches to new system designs.
This thesis answers the research question of how the knowledge about robot architecture contained in existing systems can be made accessible. The developed process
enables the systematic capturing of the architecture of autonomous robot systems.
The resulting structured architecture descriptions make it possible to identify similarities and differences in the architectures of different systems despite the complexity
and heterogeneity of robots.
The methodology chosen is an extension of the Architecture Framework concept.
This approach, which originates from the field of software development, is used to
capture the architectures of distributed software systems. This work transfers and
extends the approach to the domain of robotics by defining a Robot Architecture
Framework. The architecture description process based on this framework enables
the architecture of existing robotic systems to be identified.
The applicability of the process is demonstrated using three very different robotic
systems. It is shown that compact architecture descriptions can be generated despite
the complexity and heterogeneity of the systems. In addition, the broad applicability
of the defined process is also conceptually validated
Expanding the possibilities of crystallomics towards environmental samples
No full textAusweitung von „Crystallomics“ (native Proteinaufreinigung und Kristallisation) auf gemischte mikrobiellen Proben, mit Fokus auf methanogene/methanotrophe Archaeen
Synthesis and characterization of composite positive electrode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
No full textThe growing dependence on renewable energy sources for sustainable power generation has
highlighted the critical need for advanced grid-scale energy storage systems. Among these,
rechargeable batteries have emerged as leading candidates. However, they face significant
challenges, including high production costs and the environmental hazards associated with their
components. To address these issues, aqueous batteries have attracted considerable attention as
an alternative to their organic counterparts due to their cost-effectiveness, safety, and
environmental compatibility.
Among aqueous batteries, rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (A-ZIBs) stand out as a
particularly promising option. This is largely due to the advantageous properties of zinc, such
as its low redox potential, high theoretical capacity, low cost, non-toxicity, and abundance.
Despite these advantages, the commercialization of A-ZIBs has been largely hindered by
challenges related to their poor cycle life.
This dissertation investigates strategies to overcome the limited cycle life of A-ZIBs with a
particular focus on Copper Hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) as a positive electrode material. The
research examines the effects of thermal treatment on the chemical composition, morphology,
and electrochemical performance of CuHCF. The findings indicate that optimized thermal
conditions significantly influence the structure of CuHCF, leading to improved cycling
stability. Additionally, after a comprehensive review of the recent relevant studies, the
application of conductive polymer coatings, including polypyrrole and poly(3,4-
ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate to CuHCF is analyzed. These coatings act as
protective layers, enhancing structural integrity, delaying the phase transition in the CuHCF
lattice, and extending the cycle life. The optimal polymer concentration in the coating solutions
was further studied to maximize the outcoming electrochemical performance. The research
further explores the development of an innovative pouch cell design incorporating a
biodegradable membrane. Transitioning from conventional flooded cell designs to the more
practical pouch configurations presented challenges, particularly related to cycling stability.
However, the integration of the biodegradable membrane enabled a significantly enhanced
cycling stability and efficiency while aligning well with the environmental goals of A-ZIBs for
grid-scale energy storage
Research Report: Labour Market Perceptions of Young People in Sierra Leone
No full textThis report is based on the quantitative data gathered as a part of the mixed-methods research
project “Youth Labour Market Participation in Urban Sierra Leone” funded by the Fritz-ThyssenStiftung.
A structured survey was administered in April 2025 in three urban centres: Freetown, Bo and Makeni
to a randomly selected sample of young people aged between 18 and 35.1-202
Creative class dynamics, technological evolution and growth
No full textThis paper investigates the impact of creativity on technological advancement, long-term economic development, and social welfare, with creativity endogenously determined through interactions within social networks. We demonstrate that an economy remains stagnant, exhibiting neither networking nor long-term growth, when the size of the creative class falls below a certain positive threshold. Conversely, surpassing this threshold triggers active networking between creative and non-creative individuals, fostering sustained technological progress and income growth. We calibrate the model and simulate the economy’s transition from stagnation to dynamic growth. Although immediate welfare gains from transitioning to a growing economy are modest, medium- to long-term welfare improvements become substantial due to the cumulative effects of technological advancement facilitated by networking.250
Konzeption und Entwicklung eines autonomen Vehikels mit Bild- und Sprachkommandoerkennung durch neuronale Netze auf einem weltraumtauglichen FPGA
No full textWir untersuchen, wie man neuronale Netze auf feldprogrammierbaren Gate-Arrays (FPGAs) am besten nutzen kann, wenn diese so leistungsbeschränkt wie strahlungsfeste FPGAs in der Raumfahrt sein müssen (und etwas allgemeiner entsprechend neuronale Netze auf FPGAs für Edge-Computing). Ein autonomes Modellauto als konkretes Vehikel dient uns dabei als Stellvertreter für ein autonomes Raumfahrzeug. An der Architektur, Hardware und Software dafür haben wir vieles verbessert. Darüber hinaus gibt eine Literaturrecherche zu Hardware-bedingten Rechenfehlern in neuronalen Netzen, motiviert durch die Problematik der Weltraumstrahlung, einen Überblick über die aktuelle Forschung zu schaltungstechnischen Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Fehlerwirkungen sowie zu Meßansätzen, um den Erfolg solcher Maßnahmen nachzuweisen. Und die experimentelle Untersuchung systematischer Fehler beim Erkennen von Sprachkommandos ergab Einsichten, worauf beim Training eines neuronalen Netzes dafür zu achten ist. Schließlich identifizieren wir interessante verbliebene Aufgaben und Herausforderungen im Kontext unserer Forschungsfrage
Ressourcen und Bedarfe in Einfacharbeit : Analysen und erste Gestaltungsansätze in Logistik und Pflege im Verbundprojekt ressource
No full textDas Verbundprojekt ressource erforscht und gestaltet Arbeitsbedingungen für Beschäftigte in Einfacharbeit, insbesondere in der Logistik und in gesundheitsbezogenen Dienstleistungen in der Region NordWest. Im Fokus des iaw-papers stehen systematische Bedarfs- und Anforderungsanalysen, die institutionelle, organisationale und individuelle Herausforderungen sowie vorhandene Ressourcen im Hinblick auf gesundheitsförderliche Arbeitsgestaltung und Kompetenzentwicklung erfassen. Methodisch setzt das Projekt auf einen reflexiv-iterativen Mixed-Methods-Ansatz, der qualitative und quantitative Verfahren kombiniert und partizipativ angelegt ist. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine hohe Komplexität der betrieblichen Herausforderungen, die in vier Gestaltungsperspektiven gebündelt werden: Kommunikation, Wertschätzung, Lernen/Lernorganisation
sowie Qualität der Arbeit. Diese Themenfelder sind eng miteinander verwoben und betreffen sowohl Führungsverhalten und Arbeitsbedingungen als auch strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen. Branchenspezifisch treten in der Logistik vor allem physische, in der Pflege und Betreuung eher auch psychosoziale Belastungen auf. Daraus ergeben sich differenzierte Anforderungen an betriebliche Gestaltungsansätze. Im Projekt werden innovative methodische Zugänge erprobt, etwa die dialogorientierte Methode Rooms of Error. Ziel des Verbundprojekts ist der Aufbau eines Kompetenzzentrums in der Region NordWest, das praxisnahes Wissen zur Gestaltung und Entwicklung von Einfacharbeit langfristig sichert und weiterentwickelt. Damit leistet ressource einen Beitrag zur arbeitswissenschaftlichen Erschließung von Einfacharbeit und zur Entwicklung zukunftsfähiger Arbeitswelten.4
Familialism begets familialism? How family solidarity shapes welfare preferences in Europe
No full textFamilies constitute a pillar of welfare provision in post-industrial societies, functioning as an alternative or a complement to social policies. In the European context, the role of families in welfare provision
Nonetheless, the role of family solidarity exchanges and welfare familialism (i.e. the relative allocation of welfare provision responsibilities among families and states) has rarely been addressed by the literature on welfare preferences.
Although research on social policy preferences has explored multiple explanatory factors, it has barely addressed the role played by the family in welfare provision. The proposed dissertation
intends to tackle this research gap by focusing on the role played by intergenerational solidarity arrangements in preference formation. As parents and adult children exchange resources to insure each other against life
contingencies, the need for social benefits shrinks, but an undesired dependency on family solidarity
might also lead to increased demands for public provision. The interplay between family and
state-based welfare provision and its’ potential effects on welfare preferences are explored,
considering different specific policy designs from a comparative perspective, emphasising how
institutional and cultural factors determine differences in family support across societies. The
proposed studies take a quantitative approach based on the use of secondary survey data
Ecophysiological response of Southern Ocean cryptophytes to temperature, CO2, light and iron availability
No full textThe Southern Ocean (SO) is one of the most susceptible regions in the world to climate change. The on-going increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrationin the atmosphere and warming have already brought changes in the composition andabundance of phytoplankton communities in the SO. These changes, however, would not only affect the Antarctic food web, but would also influence the ability of the SO to export carbon as well as absorb heat, which on a bigger scale, potentially impact the global climate and global biogeochemical cycles.
The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is one of the most productive regions in the SO. Over the past decades, the WAP region has been experiencing rapid warming and these warming events have been reported to cause shifts in phytoplankton community structure such as the increasing occurrence and dominance of cryptophytes in coastal WAP waters. Despite already being well-recognized as an important component of the WAP phytoplankton community, cryptophytes still remain less-studied compared to diatomsand haptophytes.
The most dominant cryptophyte species in the SO belongs to the genus Geminigera. So far, the limited studies available on the key Antarctic cryptophyte species Geminigera cryophila have focused mainly on determining the single effects of various environmental drivers (CO2, warming, light, Fe) on its physiology, but studies looking at the interactive effects of these stressors are still lacking. Hence, it is the main objective of this thesis to fill these knowledge gaps by conducting laboratory and field incubation experiments to determine how the combination of multiple climate drivers would affect the ecophysiologyof SO cryptophytes.
Specifically, Publication 1 explored the combined effects of Fe limitation and ocean acidification (OA) which refers to the decrease in oceans’ pH due mainly to the uptake of (CO2) from the atmosphere, on the growth, carbon production, trace metal quotas and photophysiology of G. cryophila in comparison to the response of a key SO diatom species Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata. Publication 1 reveals that indeed, G. cryophila has a high Fe requirement as it was strongly impacted by low Fe supply, but it also exhibited a modest increase in growth and carbon production in response to OA in conjunction with high Fe condition. In contrast, the Antarctic diatom P. subcurvata coped well with Fe limitation, but it was not able to take advantage of the high CO2 concentration. The trace metal quotas of the two species were also differently affected by OA and Fe limitation. While Cu:C ratios were enhanced in P. subcurvata in response to low Fe supply and OA, G. cryophila maintained similar Cu:C ratios in all treatments. This observation may be associated with the potentially limited suite of Fe uptake strategies that cryptophytes employ (i.e. absence of Cu-dependent high affinity Fe uptake mechanism) compared to diatoms or the inability to reduce its cellular Fe demand (i.e. by replacing the Fe-requiring electron carrier cytochrome c6 with the Cu-containing plastocyanin). Hence, G. cryophila was strongly impacted by low Fe availability.
Publication 2 aimed at characterizing the combined effects of temperature, OA and light availability on G. cryophila. It is shown here that the cryptophyte has a narrow thermal window compared to diatoms and haptophytes, reaching maximum growth at 4 °C while it stopped growing already at 8 °C. Publication 2 demonstrates that increasing temperature (up to 4 °C) alleviated the negative effects of high light (500 μmol photons m-2 s-1) under ambient pCO2. It is also revealed here that G. cryophila is better adapted to medium irradiances (100 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and also corroborates the findings of Publication 1 that this species has a high tolerance to OA.
In Publication 3, shipboard incubation experiments were conducted to examine the responses of two distinct phytoplankton communities in the WAP coastal region and in the Drake Passage, to increasing light and Fe availability as projected by SO climate models. Both communities exhibited enhanced growth and carbon production in response to increasing Fe and light availability, but differed in the magnitude of the increase. The coastal flagellate-dominated assemblage, wherein a significant number of cryptophytes was encountered, displayed a lower degree of carbon production increase compared to the open ocean diatom-dominated community. This could be attributed to the higher Fe requirement of flagellates which was not fulfilled due to their potentially less efficient Fe uptake strategy, in line with the observations in Publication 1. Likewise, in agreement with Publication 2, the flagellate-dominated assemblage also benefited from medium irradiances (80 μmol photons m-2 s-1), but it did not exhibit further enhancement in carbon production at the higher light treatment (150 μmol photons m-2 s-1). This indicates, as also noted in Publication 1, that Fe has a stronger influence on the physiology of cryptophytes compared to that of light.
Overall, the results of this thesis provide an explanation on why cryptophytes are commonly distributed in Fe-rich coastal regions of the SO. In line with the results of previous studies, this thesis also highlights the potential of cryptophytes to take advantage of the on-going OA and warming events in the WAP region. However, given that OA and warming may potentially modify the bioavailability of Fe in the SO, this thesis also emphasizes the need for conducting studies on the Fe requirement and Fe uptake strategies being employed by cryptophytes. Considering the proposed hypothesis that cryptophytes have a limited suite of Fe uptake strategies, it would also be helpful to study the factors that induces mixotrophy in cryptophytes as this is one strategy that they could utilize to access the needed nutrients for growth. A deeper understanding of the ecophysiology of cryptophytes is important to better ascertain its influence on the overall carbon production and export in the SO and its role in shaping the Antarctic trophic food web