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Verteilung und Schicksal von Methan emittiert aus untermeerischen Quellen - Ergebnisse von Messungen aufgenommen mit einem optimierten in situ Massenspektrometer.
No full textMethane (CH4) is the most frequent organic compound in the atmosphere and its influence on the global climate is subject of currently conducted scientific discussion. Despite its limited content in the atmosphere (1787 ppbv in 2003), it contributes to ~15 % of the global warming as a result of its 20 to 40 times higher global warming potential compared to carbon dioxide (CO2) on a 100 year timescale. One source of atmospheric methane is the release of biogenic and/or thermogenic CH4 from the oceans seafloor, which is currently one of the research priorities of the marine geosciences. These submarine sources are characterized by rising gas bubbles or diffusive methane flux into the water column. It is estimated that these point sources release a total of ~30 Tg CH4 per year into the ocean, and after its biological oxidation or dissolving in the water, ~10 Tg CH4 are released into the atmosphere per year. Additionally, due to the warming of the oceans, an increasing release of methane can be expected as a result of the melting of permafrost and gas hydrates. Steep gradients over very short distances (< 20 m) and high time-based variability (few hours) are known from dissolved methane concentrations in the water column above these submarine CH4 sources. Due to the limited number of samples taken by conventional ex situ methods, an accurate quantification of the methane distribution could hardly be estimated. Nevertheless, one objective of the present thesis was the detailed spatial representation of the dissolved CH4 in the water column originates from submarine seeps as well as the study of relevant pathways such as vertical or horizontal transport, dilution and its microbial oxidation. Therefore, the first part of the dissertation deals with the optimization and establishment of a novel underwater mass spectrometer (UWMS, Inspectr200-200, Applied Microsystems Limited ) designed for inline, real time and in situ sampling in high frequency. Analysis and evaluation of several thousand samples per day take place in one step, so that one obtains the measurement result in situ and, unlike using conventional methods, without delay, and thus the sampling strategies can be adapted to the existing environment. Additionally, through the use of this novel analytical tool, potential sources of errors that occur during sampling or transport to the laboratories are eliminated. In order to be able to use the potential of this mass spectrometer for scientific research questions, it was necessary to optimize the detection limit for the trace gases that were to be determined. For this purpose, a Stirling cooler was applied, which serves as a trapping system for water vapour and thus leads to optimized conditions for the analysis. Within the framework of this thesis two gas ebullition areas were studied in detail. While one, which is located in the continental shelf northwest of Spitsbergen, is in the center of scientific attention, the gas ebullition area that was studied in the North Sea has not yet been examined until now with regard to the methane release into the water column and its subsequent pathways. With the help of the optimized mass spectrometer it became possible for the first time to obtain distribution patterns of dissolved CH4 in the water column in high resolution. With respect to the geochemical functionality of these increasingly important methane sources, the research conducted in this dissertation contribute to improve our knowledge of the entry of CH4 into the water column as well as its fate. Therefore, the applied novel technique can contribute to revolutionize our understanding of the behavior of seep plumes as suggested by Judd and Hovland (2007)
Verständigungsdynamik: Bausteine für ein dynamisches Sprachmodell
No full textThe major aim of the thesis is the design of an interdisciplinary theory of language based on dynamic systems theory. The first chapter reviews a number of proposals which go beyond modern structural grammars and accommodate variational, probabilistic and fuzziness phenomena. The second chapter gives a sketch of the topology and dynamics of communication and chapter three introduces basic concepts and techniques of catastrophe theory. In chapter four classical models for the semantics of sentences under the aspect of basic gestalts are summarized (from Panini to Fillmore). Chapter five is the central part, where René Thom s proposals for a topologico-dynamic semantics are systematically developed, specified, elaborated, and corrected with reference to mathematical development after 1972. As a result a systematic set of propositional schemata (archetypes) up to valency four is derived geometrically. Chapter six concerns the application in linguistics beyond sentential semantics (nominal composition, reduced communication etc.). The final chapters sketch some applications in the field of neuro- and sociolinguistics.Regensbur
Zur Kritik des schulischen Religionsunterrichts: Eine Untersuchung der ideologischen Funktionen des Religionsunterrichts in der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Entwicklung der religionspädagogischen Didaktik in Deutschland
No full textDissertation für die Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. phil.), Kolloquium am 24.2.197
The economical nature of old age.
No full textThis paper is a contribution to socio-historical gerontology. Finally it is based on the thesis, that the relation to productive labor is constitutive and builds the ground for the social status, standing and appreciation of the elderly. That is why old age has been analyzed in the context of human labor prevailing in the three formations of society: ursociety (primitive society), feudalism and capitalism. On the basis of the analytical distinction between a "productive" and "unproductive" aging phase, one can explain different phenomena, situated between worshipping and senicide, or nowadays used "Altenberge". Finally an empirical investigation of life expectancy brings into the focus that social class is decisive
Differentielle Linguistik. Entwurf eines Modells zur Messung semantischer und pragmatischer Variation und dessen Anwendung zur Überprüfung der Hypothesen Bernsteins
No full textThe doctoral dissertation (Regensburg, 1975) which started with empirical tests and observations in a school class (6th grade, Schöllkrippen, Bavaria) in 1969/70 develops a method for the analysis and measurement of code-differences in the sense of Basil Bernstein's hypothesis (distinguished as "restricted and elaborated code"). This hypothesis states that different social classes use more implicit or explicit styles of expression. The key features of such differences concern a measure of semantic information, i.e. how much information in a situation is explicitly uttered by the speaker and how much is left implicit and has to be completed by the hearer. In this work the differences are called differences in "communicative style" (not "code"). In order to measure these differences, a procedure is developed which compares the linguistic reactions to comparable stimuli - in the case of this empirical study the oral and written retellings of two stimulus stories (one simple and one more complex). The lexical and grammatical variations are first classified using a tool derived from Harris' transformational analysis (this avoids the presupposition of a given grammar of German or some socially established norm). The classified variants are then measured applying the model of semantic information proposed by Carnap and Bar Hillel. In order to achieve a detailed analysis, meanings are analyzed using a revised and adapted Montague grammar. As pragmatic constraints and textual structures seemed to be relevant, the measurement is expanded to clause and sentence connectors and to narrative structures. For this purpose the model of narrative analysis proposed by Labov and Waletzky (1967) is further specified and systematically applied to the corpus of retold stories (3 x 26 stories). In the quantitative analysis three levels of communicative style/code are considered: the intra-clausal (subdivided into: nominal/verbal kernel variation and nominal/verbal adjunct variation), the inter-clausal level (conjunctions and embeddings of clauses) and the narrative level (ratio of narrative versus evaluative clauses).The statistical analysis which compares measured (non linguistic) intelligence, social status and semantic information (completed by narrative strategies) could not verify Bernstein global hypothesis (for this social group and for German speakers). It rather showed tendencies of children with different social background to use different narrative strategies and to elaborate their performances differently at the adjunct level (mainly if the stimulus was simpler and in the oral retellings). If the situation asked rather for an explicit style (as in the written retelling of a complex story), the differences vanished. Thus social codes (or communicative styles as we preferred to say) vary with situations and their demands. They cannot be considered as stable "codes" like linguistic or other social systems. Therefore the global hypothesis of Bernstein must be revised (for German classroom communication and the age group considered in this study).The concept of "Differential Linguistics" (parallel to "Differential Psychology") developed in the second chapter could be generalized as a basic tool for Applied Linguistics and a complement to the search for universal features of language, which dominated the Chomskyan paradigm.Tübinge
Der Überfall : zum 2. Stiftungsfest des Fontane-Abend am 28. November 1929
No full textEigentümerin des Buches ist die aus Breslau stammende Susanne Rosenthal (1902-1998). Der mit einer Widmung des Autors versehene Pressendruck stammt aus ihrem Umzugsgut und wurde von der Bibliothek 1942 auf einer sog. Juden-Auktion erworben. Die Rückgabe an die Erbin nach Susanne Rosenthal erfolgte 2007
Reitvorschrift für eine Geliebte
No full textEigentümerin des Buches ist die aus Breslau stammende Susanne Rosenthal (1902-1998). Der mit einer Widmung des Autors versehene Pressendruck stammt aus ihrem Umzugsgut und wurde von der Bibliothek 1942 auf einer sog. Juden-Auktion erworben. Die Rückgabe an die Erbin nach Susanne Rosenthal erfolgte 2007.Chemnit
