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The Emerging Role of Endovascular Portal Interventions in Pakistan
Full text linkTo outline new modalities and techniques offered by Interventional Radiology (IR) in diagnosing and treating patients with complications related to portal hypertension and techniques to induce remnant liver hypertrophy to enable hemi hepatectomy in Pakistan.
Known portal hypertensive patients were selected retrospectively including those for portal vein embolisation. Selected cases are presented to outline the treatment modality technique and its effectiveness using minimally invasive IR-based treatment options.
Different techniques used by interventional radiologists are now also available in Pakistan and are paramount in managing the complications of portal hypertension and inducing remnant liver hypertrophy.
Minimally invasive procedures offered by IR continue to evolve with technological innovations and are now available to manage complications related to portal hypertension hitherto not thought of and which profoundly improve patient care
The Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis, Phenotype, and Treatment of Asthma
Full text linkThis review article examines the relationship between microbial communities and asthma, emphasizing the microbiome's significant role in asthma development and therapy. Recent developments in the study of the microbiome have shed light on the intricate role that microbial populations play in the etiology and management of asthma. This paper examines the existing evidence regarding the involvement of microbiome dysbiosis in both the exacerbation and onset of asthma, focusing notably on its impact on inflammation and immune system regulation. The disruption of microbial balance in the gut and respiratory tract has been associated with abnormal immune responses, contributing to airway inflammation and heightened reactivity characteristic of asthma. Additionally, microbial metabolites play a substantial role in shaping airway physiology and immune regulation. Innovations in therapy, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and microbial-based treatments, aim to target the microbiome, potentially enhancing asthma management. In summary, understanding the microbiome's role in the pathophysiology and management of asthma represents a major achievement in respiratory medicine by providing new information and prospects for customized therapy for this long-term respiratory illness
Gamifying Assessments in Medical Education: Impact of Gamification on Student’s Test Scores
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Dengue Shock Syndrome Leading to Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) and Fatal Outcome: A Case Report
Full text linkDengue shock syndrome (DSS) is a severe and life-threatening consequence of dengue fever, particularly in endemic places like Karachi, Pakistan. This report presents a case of a 30-year-old female patient with DSS who rapidly developed Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) and had a fatal outcome. The patient was presented with thrombocytopenia, petechiae, and a high-grade fever and was diagnosed with a positive NS1 antigen test. Within 48 hours, she developed septic shock, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC), and Acute Kidney Damage (AKI) despite early measures such as fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy. The main findings were anemia, coagulopathy, and severe thrombocytopenia. After undergoing rigorous fluid therapy, vasopressors, and intensive care unit care, the patient expired on the sixth day due to refractory shock. This instance highlights how crucial it is to identify DSS early and treat it thoroughly to stop its progression to MODS and fatality
Awareness of Dental Students and Faculty Members Regarding Xylitol Products for the Prevention of Dental Caries at a Private Dental College of Karachi
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Suicidal Ideation and its Associated Factors in Medical Students of Clinical Years at a Private Medical College of Karachi
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Fanconi Anemia (FA): A Comprehensive Overview of Genetics, Symptoms, and Disease Progression
Full text linkFanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a biallelic mutation which mainly occurs in proteins involved in the cell cycle, from DNA synthesis to replication and regeneration. The carrier frequency of disease is 1:300 of live births in the general population. The male-to-female ratio is 1.9:1. The chromosomal breakage test was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of the disease but for the confirmation genetic analysis is mandatory because other syndrome can mimic with the FA. The disease is mainly characterized by physical abnormalities such as microcephaly, short stature with skeletal anomalies of both limbs, defective genitourinary system and abnormalities of the eyes. Bone marrow dysfunction is usually observed from the first decade of life which initially starts as thrombocytopenia or pancytopenia and later progresses to bone marrow failure. As patients enter their teenage or adulthood, they encounter a high risk of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. To date, 22 genes are associated with FA. The genetic foundation of FA highlights several FANC genes, particularly FANCA, FANCC, FANCG, and FANCD2, which are the most commonly mutated. There are distinct patterns of somatic chromosomal abnormalities seen in FA patients, especially unbalanced chromosomal translocations that result in partial duplication or deletions. The mechanisms underlying the hematopoietic defects and clonal evolution in FA are still largely unknown; however, understanding these processes is essential for enhancing patient management and treatment
