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Risk of Water-Borne Diseases Outbreak amidst Heatwave in Karachi, Pakistan
Full text linkAt least 450 people have died and several others have been hospitalized over four days (22nd-June 26, 2024) due to the terrible heatwaves that Karachi, Pakistan, is experiencing, with temperatures surpassing 40°C. The Sindh government responded by setting up 77 camps to provide vital hydration during heatwaves. However, these attempts are hampered by Pakistan's severe drinking water problem, a major problem due to the water’s high concentration of harmful substances and bacteria. 33% of deaths and 20-40% of all diseases, including cholera and typhoid, are caused by contaminated water. Research shows that there is considerable pollution present even in filtered water, with a high proportion of contaminated samples in Karachi, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. During this prolonged heat crisis, the quality of the water in relief camps must be immediately assessed to minimize further health risks and possible disease outbreaks. There is an immediate need for improved water management and safety measures
Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling for Achieving Pregnancy among Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
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Effective Prevention and Management of Dental Erosion and Tooth Decay
Full text linkAccording to the 2017 Global Disease Study, there are 2.3 billion untreated cavities and 139 million additional oral disorders, such as tooth erosion. Modern treatments prioritize managing etiological causes and preventing associated illnesses. This editorial welcomes scholar to add to the collection 'Prevention and management of dental erosion and decay'
Challenges General Practitioners Face in Pursuing Postgraduate Training at Primary and Secondary Healthcare Centres in Punjab, Pakistan
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Advances in Interventional Radiology for Superior Vena Cava Obstruction: Pathophysiology, Techniques and Challenges
Full text linkSuperior Vena Cava Obstruction (SVCO) is a serious disorder that frequently arises from benign sources like thrombosis from pacemakers and indwelling catheters or malignant processes like lung cancer or lymphoma. Compared to conventional therapy, endovascular stenting provides quick symptom relief, making it a popular therapeutic option. This review will examine the pathophysiology, interventional methods, and perioperative treatment to determine the best practices for enhancing clinical results and reducing problems.
An extensive literature review was performed using Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Keywords like "superior vena cava obstruction," "SVCO stenting," "malignant SVCO," and "clinical outcomes" were employed to find pertinent studies. Pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, interventional strategies, complications, and post-stenting care were the main topics of the review.
With an overall symptom resolution rate of 90-95%, endovascular stenting exhibits good technical success and prompt symptom relief. Long-term patency is enhanced with covered stents, but migration issues still exist. Although they are rare (8-10%), complications can be fatal and include pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, and stent thrombosis. Standardized guidelines are necessary since the best perioperative care, which includes beta-blockers, anticoagulation, and hemodynamic instability monitoring, is still up for discussion.
In summary, endovascular stenting is a crucial development in the treatment of SVCO, offering quick symptom alleviation and positive short-term results. However, more research is needed on post-procedural care techniques and long-term consequences. Optimizing outcomes and lowering mortality in high-risk patients require a multidisciplinary approach and updated guidelines
Current Updates in Diagnosis and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Special Reference to Interventional Radiology
Full text linkHepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the sixth most common cancer, implying considerable disease burden. Liver Ultrasound (US) and the use of certain serum biomarkers, like Alpha-Feto Protein (AFP) and Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-Ⅱ) have gained popularity over time as screening methods for the detection of HCC. AFP is beneficial when used in combination with US or PIVKA-II to increase the validity of results and for smaller tumors (≤ 2 cm) to be detected.
The objective of this article is to recognize and address the growing role and potential of Interventional Radiology (IR) as a diagnostic and therapeutic field for the treatment of HCC. The use of contrast-enhanced CT or MRI has continued to gain popularity as a non-invasive yet accurate diagnostic tool. This paper also highlights the scope of newer treatment strategies adopted by Interventional Radiologists for HCC. Some key IR therapies include Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE), and Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) which are applied more efficiently due to the 2022 updated Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging criteria that guide Interventional Radiologists to decide on a treatment strategy specific to the stage and each patient's unique medical history, enhancing patient care for liver cancer patients.
However, there is a need for more research in the field and for an internationally agreed consensus to set out guidelines regarding screening protocol for detection of HCC and predicting response to treatment
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Organ Donation among Health Care Professionals Working in Rawalpindi and Islamabad
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