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Correlation Between Body Mass Index And Percent Body Fat Estimated By BioElectrical Impedance Analysis In Children Of Karachi
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Digital Lipoma of The Big Toe in Child: A Rare Case Report
Get PDFA lipoma is a typical non-cancerous soft tissue lump that can develop beneath the skin and may grow anywhere in the body most commonly involving the upper trunk (chest, arm, shoulder, neck and upper thigh). They grow slowly and are non-cancerous. While lipomas in the foot are relatively uncommon, their occurrence in this location is rare. To our knowledge lipoma of the toe in a child is a very rare case. This case study concerns a large lipoma in a child, specifically located on the underside of the first big toe, its radiological imaging finding on ultrasound and histopathology
Effect of Tobacco Use during Pregnancy on Fetal Birth Weight Born to Women between 18-35 years in Thatta District
Get PDFBackground: Consumption of tobacco in its various forms is widespread and a serious public health issue globally. Although smoking is the predominant common method of tobacco use, the consumption of smokeless tobacco has increased in recent decades. Smokeless tobacco products are becoming more popular among women. In Pakistan, the overall prevalence of smokeless tobacco among males and females is 7%, out of which 10% are women which may be linked to poor reproductive outcomes and other health issues.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy on fetal birth weight.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the five basic health units (BHU) of Thatta District, which were Garho, Ghora Bari, Dhabeji, Chattochand, and Jhimpeer from October 2022 – January 2023. A total of 300 mothers were included by consecutive sampling technique in the study and among them, 150 mothers who gave birth to a low-birth-weight baby i.e., birth weight < 2.5 kg were enrolled as a case, and another 150 mothers who gave birth to a normal birth weight baby i.e., birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg were enrolled as a control. Data collection involved face-to-face interviews utilizing a validated questionnaire, with strict adherence to ethical considerations throughout the study.
Results: In a study of 300 participants from Thatta District’s five basic healthcare units, multivariate logistic regression revealed significant factors influencing tobacco use during pregnancy. Housewives had 1.862 times higher odds of tobacco use than employed individuals, and individuals aged 20–35 had 1.802 times higher odds than those aged 36-50. Smokeless tobacco, particularly most of the mothers in this study used gutka (47.3%) and chaliya (26%). Smokeless tobacco Gutka and Chaliya, increased the likelihood of tobacco use during pregnancy. Considering the frequency of smokeless tobacco use and healthcare provider recommendations emerged as important determinants.
Conclusion: Our study underscores the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy in Thatta, Karachi, Pakistan, with significant implications for low-birth-weight babies. This highlights the need for targeted public health interventions, like antenatal care, alongside further research to inform evidence-based strategies for maternal and child health promotion in the region.
Keywords: Smokeless tobacco, birth weight, low birth weight, Thatta Pakistan
Group B Streptococcal Septicaemia Causing Bilateral Acute Parotitis in an Infant: A Rare Case Report
Get PDFAcute parotitis is a rare condition in young infants and is characterized by swelling of the parotid gland associated with fever and pain. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent of this disease. Prevalence is higher in males. We describe the case of a 55-day-old Asian female infant who presented in the emergency department with complaints of fever, reluctance to feed, and irritability with unremarkable examination. During hospitalization pre-auricular edema was observed bilaterally close to the angle of the jaw along with signs of inflammation, greater on the right side. Ultrasound findings showed parotid gland enlargement and blood culture report was positive for Streptococcus pyogenes. Antibiotic treatment with injectable Vancomycin was given for 7 days and the patient had rapid recovery in terms of both symptom improvement and reduction of glandular swelling. This case illustrates the need for consideration of this disease in infants and its likelihood in both genders and emphasizes the early institution of appropriate therapy of acute parotitis for faster recovery and prevention of complications. There is much data on acute parotitis in adolescents but due to the paucity of data in young infants, there is a need to investigate further the causes and treatment of this disease in infants
Trend Analysis of Contraceptive Usage and Reasons of Low Contraceptive Use in Pakistan: A Narrative Review on Available Literature
Get PDFThe Pakistani government has been struggling continuously to slow down the population rise despite making easy accessibility of family planning services. Various factors including economic crisis, poverty, unemployment, and inflation have been identified that influence family planning practices leading to a low contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR). The main aim of this review was to understand the positive and negative predictors and the trends of contraceptive use. Pakistan, currently facing the issues of high morbidity and mortality of mother and child as a consequence of low CPR secondary to the high risk of unplanned and/or teenage pregnancies, abortion, and miscarriages. Low CPR produces a drastic effect on the nation's economy, as a high growth rate causes uncontrolled urbanization. Old age, education, and mothers' employment, wealth, and better lifestyle have positive influences while it is evident rural life, traditional religion, illiteracy, poverty, non-working mothers, and fear of side effects, etc. navigate low CPR. Although contraception in terms of modern contraceptive techniques has increased in Pakistan over the past two decades, still there is a need for efforts to increase CPR among reproductive and fertile age groups. Further, interventions such as the provision of affordable family planning practices and facilitating access to women near their homes, improving awareness must be targeted as a priority
Diverse Manifestations and Underlying Mechanisms of Ischemic Infarctions in Individuals Afflicted by Systemic Malignancies- A Case Series
Get PDFThis study delves into the diverse manifestations and underlying mechanisms of ischemic infarctions in individuals suffering from systemic malignancies. Four distinct cases illuminate the intricate interplay between cancer, therapeutic interventions, and the resultant complications. The first case involves a 35-year-old male with chronic eosinophilic leukemia undergoing a grave course marked by variable responses to treatment, ischemic events, and nosocomial infections. The second case involves a 42-year-old woman diagnosed with breast cancer, who suffered from severe headaches, seizures, and neurological decline, ultimately passing away due to suspected carcinomatous meningitis and ischemic strokes.
The third case describes a 38-year-old woman with pancreaticobiliary carcinoma, pulmonary embolism, and an acute/subacute ischemic infarction in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, likely due to a thrombo-embolic phenomenon.
Lastly, a 45-year-old woman with ovarian carcinoma showcases the intricacies of ischemic stroke involving both anterior and posterior circulation likely due to hypercoagulability
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors in Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review of Literature
Get PDFType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent in the modern world due to a rise in obesity. Diabetes can give rise to many secondary ailments among which heart failure is the most common. Heart failure brings about confirmatory changes in the myocardium which shifts the metabolism from glucose to fatty acid which further impairs cardiac function. Among the antidiabetic agents, SGLT2 inhibitors such as empagliflozin and dapagliflozin have decreased heart failure exacerbations even in the absence of diabetes. We employed search engines such as Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Euro PMC for our article search. The keywords such as heart failure, SGLT2 inhibitors, and diabetes were used. Duplicate studies were excluded during our analysis. According to the literature, several theories have been put forward on the mechanisms through which SGLT2 inhibitors can work in heart failure. Mainly they work by lowering blood pressure, improvement of cardiac energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory effect, protecting from cardiac remodeling, diuresis, and natriuretic effects
Peritonitis – Etiology and Treatment Options: A Systematic Review
Get PDFPeritonitis is an infection with a substantial source of morbidity and death. The mortality rate is 10% to 60%. Its etiology may be infection of bacteria, viruses, or fungi. The objective of the current systematic review is to identify the causes of peritonitis and discuss available treatment options. A systematic review was conducted from the literature from January 2012 to December 2022. More than 60 articles were downloaded; after abstracting relevant information from the studies and assessing quality, data was synthesized and presented by PRISMA flow diagram. The most common cause was bacterial infection; followed by fungal and viral infections. Reported organisms were E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., M. tuberculosis, C. trachomatis, Pseudomonas spss., C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp., and Feline-infectious-corona-virus. Empiric antibiotics therapy covers broad-spectrum antibacterials; antifungal and surgical interventions are treatment options. The acutely ill patient requires combined medical and surgical methods; culture sensitivity is highly advisable to reduce the chances of failure