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Associated Risk Factors with Tooth Wear in Patients Attending Private Dental Hospital in Karachi: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground:
Tooth wear is non-carious enamel and dentinal destruction with multi-factorial etiology affecting oral health-related quality of life. Identification of risk factors and their prevention are crucial in the management of such cases.
Objective:
To determine risk factors associated with tooth wear in patients attending Hamdard University Dental Hospital.
Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st February to 31st July 2023. Non-probability consecutive sampling was done. Patients with tooth wear were identified according to Smith and Knight Criteria of tooth wear. Patients with tooth wear were interviewed on a modified questionnaire to identify further associated risk factors. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were used for categorical variables. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine predictive factors associated with tooth wear. Crude and adjusted Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to measure association. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results:
Overall, 755 patients were examined and participated in the study accounting for a 98% response rate. 62.6% were males and 37.4% were females with an age range of 18-65 years. Tooth Wear was present in 75.6% of participants with 58.8% erosion, 31.5% attrition, and 6.1% abrasion cases.3.5% of patients demonstrated more than one type of TW. Carbonated drinks showed a higher risk of tooth wear, followed by bruxism, gastric problems, and aggressive tooth brushing.
Conclusion:
Associated risk factors of tooth wear should be given due consideration to implementing patient education and preventive strategies to preserve dental healt
A Holistic and Innovative Approach to Postgraduate Medical Education
Get PDFThe field of medical education in Pakistan is currently undergoing a transformative shift, focusing on innovation to meet evolving healthcare demands. Postgraduate medical education is pivotal in shaping competent healthcare professionals, and various innovative measures are being explored to enhance its quality. Competency-based medical education (CBME) is at the forefront, emphasizing the measurement of skills, knowledge, and attitudes essential for clinical practice. The global adoption of CBME, particularly through the Core Entrustable Professional Activities, is reshaping postgraduate medical training. Digital tools and artificial intelligence are revolutionizing teaching methods, offering dynamic educational experiences. Exposure to global medical practices through exchange programs enriches residents' understanding and proficiency. Leadership skill development is recognized as crucial in navigating complex healthcare systems, emphasizing the integration of leadership training into the curriculum. Additionally, mentorship programs are instrumental in fostering the professional and personal development of postgraduate trainees, mitigating burnout, and improving overall performance. Collectively, these innovative approaches contribute to the development of versatile and proficient healthcare professionals, elevating the standards of postgraduate medical education and advancing patient-centered healthcare delivery nationwide
Occupational Stress and Quality of Life among Rescue Workers: Moderating Role of Social Support
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The Benefits of Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Get PDFThis literature review explores the multitude of benefits associated with exclusive breastfeeding for both infants and mothers. It synthesizes evidence from various studies and emphasizes the importance of exclusive breastfeeding as a global public health strategy. The review covers the impacts on infant health, maternal well-being, and societal implications. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of chronic diseases like Obesity, Allergies, diabetes, and asthma. The maternal benefits of exclusive breastfeeding help proper postpartum weight loss and uterine contraction and reduce the risk of maternal health issues like breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and type 2 diabetes.
Societal implications of exclusive breastfeeding are reduced healthcare costs, environmental impact, workforce productivity, and social and cultural influences. The challenges and barriers to exclusive breastfeeding cultural and societal factors, maternal health issues, and workplace and policy challenges.
Promoting and supporting exclusive breastfeeding through healthcare provider role, workplace policies and support, community initiatives, and global efforts by WHO and UNICEF
The State of Artificial Intelligence and its Prospects in Pakistan's Medical Sector
Get PDFThe main idea of this letter is how artificial intelligence can affect and bring positive changes to the health care sector of Pakistan. While AI has made significant strides globally, its practical implementation in underdeveloped nations like Pakistan remains challenging. The letter discusses AI's transformative impact on Pakistan's healthcare system, spanning from diagnostic imaging to treatment and prognosis. It highlights AI's potential to address healthcare obstacles such as limited resources and regional disparities by enhancing accessibility, accuracy, and efficiency. The letter emphasizes the need for regulatory evolution, collaborative efforts, and ongoing research to fully harness AI's benefits in Pakistani healthcare, ultimately aiming to optimize healthcare outcomes nationwide
Assessing MSI Status in GI Cancers (Rectal, Gastric, and Colon Cancer): A Cross-Sectional Study
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Comparison of Body Composition Bio Electrical Impedance Analysis of Type-1 Diabetes vs. Non-Diabetes in Children and Adolescent
Get PDFBackground: The greater frequency of overweight and obese children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) may be caused in part by intensive insulin therapy.
Objective: To compare body composition by bio electrical impedance analysis among TIDM versus healthy children and adolescents in Pakistan.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was performed during Jan-March, 2023. Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents were enrolled from pediatric endocrinology out-patient clinic of National Institute of Child Health whereas healthy children and adolescents were enrolled from a nearby school to the hospital location. Evaluation of anthropometry indices and bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed after taking consent of parents.
Results: Total 100 subjects were enrolled into the study, 50 each in diabetic and healthy group. Mean age of participants was 10.4 ± 2.4 years. Majority of study subjects were females (61%). Mean duration of TIDM was 4.7 ± 0.8 years. Height (127.4 ± 11.7 versus 139.5 ± 15, p<0.001), Waist-hip ratio (0.8 ± 0.1 versus 0.7± 0.3, p=0.037) and resistance (686.2 ± 90.7 versus 651.1 ± 96.6, p=0.002) were significantly higher among T1DM group than healthy group. Percentage of muscle mass (45.1 ± 8.2 versus 50.3 ± 7.6, p=0.008), body cell mass (47.1 ± 3.8 versus 50.6 ± 4.5, p=0.045), reactance (56.3 ± 9.8 versus 62.4 ± 4.2, p=0.017) and phase angle (4.3 ± 0.9 versus 5.7 ± 0.6, p=0.012) were significantly lower in T1DM patients than healthy individuals.
Conclusion: BIA analysis showed undesirable body composition and body functional status among T1DM children and adolescents than healthy group in terms of resistance, reactance and phase angle
Hidden Hunger: A Looming Crisis in Pakistans Nutrition Landscape
Get PDFPakistan is facing a grave and often overlooked crisis in its nutrition landscape. Hidden hunger, a form of malnutrition resulting from inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals, poses a significant threat to the health and well-being of millions of Pakistanis. This editorial sheds light on the prevalence and consequences of hidden hunger in Pakistan, explores its underlying causes, and emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive interventions to address this silent crisis
