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Bonus - Malus in Sweden : A Qualitative Analysis of Policy Design and Development Between 2018 - 2022
No full textAwareness of climate changes and the need to address it has increased over past decades. In this regard Sweden has, beginning with the 90s developed several policies in order to reduce pollution especially when it comes to traffic which stands for one third of the entire pollution that Sweden emits. This paper aims to explain and reflect how one of these pivotal policies called Bonus - Malus has been developed and changed during the period of 2018 - 2022 and which factors contributed to its formation and adjustments. The goal is to understand how the government, by usage of economic means, tried to reverse the negative state of pollution in traffic by introducing bonuses for new vehicles with zero or low emission while penalizing owners of new cars with high pollution by increased taxes during the first three years of ownership. By conducting a qualitative text analysis rooted in implementation theory of Lundquist and Hood’s NATO - typology of governance tools, this thesis explains the formation and development of the policy over the course of time taking into account different factors political, administrational and institutional that helped shape the policy. In the context of Bonus - Malus empirical data was used to showcase how different actors involved influence formation and further shaping of implementation. Analysis showed that for the successful implementation only initial effort is not enough. It is a continuous process in which understanding, ability and willingness have to align with each other. Faced with lower political readiness in the light of critical reception caused by financial inefficiency Bonus - Malus was subject to several structural changes during the course of four years in which Hood's steering methods were used to keep policy running while the threshold for malus was lowered. Contribution of this thesis lies in deeper empirical research of design and development of Bonus - Malus by showcasing how Lundquist’s and Hood’ theories offer a framework for understanding how and why policies are changed over the course of time over a practical example
Nurses' Experiences of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare : A qualitative literature review
No full textIntroduktion: Artificiell intelligens är den senaste tekniken som har fått inflyttande på hälso- och sjukvården. Det finns begränsad forskning kring integration av artificiell intelligens i omvårdnadsarbete samt sjuksköterskans upplevelser kring den. För framtida tillämpning av artificiell intelligens i omvårdnad är det betydelsefullt att få en djupare förståelse av sjuksköterskors upplevelser. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser kring användningen av artificiell intelligens inom hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: Litteraturstudien baseras på en litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats. PEO-modellen användes för en strukturerad sökning i databaserna i PubMed och CINAHL. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades med stöd av SBU:s granskningsmall för kvalitativ forskning och analyserades enligt den kvalitativa analysprocess för kvalitativa studier som beskrivs av Popenoe m.fl. (2021). Resultat: Resultatet baserades på tolv vetenskapliga artiklar. Analysen resulterade i 17 subkategorier och tre övergripande kategorier: Ett kliniskt redskap för omvårdnad, Etik och professionens ansvar och Förutsättningar för optimal användning. Konklusion: Litteraturstudien visar att sjuksköterskor upplever artificiell intelligens som ett potentiellt kompletterande verktyg i omvårdnadsarbetet. Samtidigt uppkommer nya etiska dilemman och risker med användningen av artificiell intelligens. Sjuksköterskorna uttrycker även ett kunskapsbehov för att effektivt och säkert använda artificiell intelligens.Introduction: Artificial intelligence is the emerging technology that is increasingly shaping the landscape of healthcare. However, there is limited research on the integration of artificial intelligence in nursing. For future application of artificial intelligence in the nursing profession, it is essential to understand nurses' experiences. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to explore nurses' experiences with the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare. Method: The literature review is based on literature studies with a qualitative approach. The PEO model was used to structure searches in databases PubMed and CINAHL. The articles were critically appraised using SBU template for review of qualitative studies and the analysis followed instructions by Popenoe et al (2021) for qualitative analysis. Results: Results are based on twelve scientific articles. 17 subcategories emerged leading to three overarching categories as follows: A clinical tool for nursing, Ethics and professional responsibility, and Conditions for optimal use. Conclusion: Nurses' experience artificial intelligence as a potential complementary tool in nursing. At the same time, new ethical dilemmas and risks arise with the use of artificial intelligence. Finally, nurses experience a need for more knowledge to use artificial intelligence effectively and safely
Nurses' Experiences of Caring for Patients in a Palliative Phase in Hospitals : Literature review
No full textBakgrund: Sjuksköterskor som arbetar på somatiska avdelningar på sjukhus har omvårdnadsansvar för många patienter med olika sjukdomstillstånd. Sjuksköterskan ska kunna arbeta utifrån kärnkompetenserna och de fyra hörnstenarna inom palliativ vård. Kärnkompetensen personcentrerad vård är en central del inom palliativ omvårdnad då patienter som vårdas i palliativt sjukdomsskede kan erfara symtom som kräver god kunskap hos sjuksköterskan, både om palliativ vård och omvårdnad.Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter i ett palliativt sjukdomsskede inom somatisk slutenvård.Metod: Litteraturstudien grundar sig i tio vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Samtliga artiklar hade kvalitativ design och kvalitetsgranskades utifrån SBU:s granskningsmall innan de till slut analyserades med hjälp av Popenoes analysmetod för kvalitativa studier.Resultat: Resultatet av litteraturstudien ledde fram till tre kategorier och sju subkategorier. Kategorin Påverkande faktorer för vårdkvalitet bestod av subkategorierna Otillräcklig kunskap och kompetens samt Otillräckligt anpassad miljö. Kategorin Betydelsen av kommunikation bestod av subkategorierna Kommunikation inom vårdteamet och Kommunikation med patienter och deras närstående. Kategorin Utmaningar i yrkesrollen bestod av Att sträva efter balans, Ansvar och tillgänglighet och Emotionella påfrestningar.Konklusion: Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter i ett palliativt sjukdomsskede inom den somatiska slutenvården var flerdimensionellt. Litteraturstudien visade på behovet av ökad kompetens, tydligare kommunikation och existentiell medvetenhet. Dessa faktorer var avgörande för att sjuksköterskan skulle kunna erbjuda trygg och personcentrerade omvårdnad för patienter i livets slutskede.Background: Nurses working in somatic wards in hospitals have nursing responsibility for many patients with various medical conditions. The nurse should be able to work based on the key competencies and the four key stones of palliative care. The key competency of patient-centered care is a central aspect of palliative nursing, as patients in palliative stages of illness may experience symptoms that require good knowledge from the nurse, both about palliative care and nursing.Aim: The aim of this literature study was to explore nurses' experiences of palliative care in somatic care wards.Method: The literature review is based on ten scientific articles from the databases Cinahl and PubMed. All articles had a qualitative design, and were quality reviewed using the SBU’s evaluation checklist before being analyzed with the help of Popenoe’s method of analysis for qualitative studies.Results: The result of the literature review led to three categories and seven subcategories. The category Factors influencing quality of care consisted of the subcategories Insufficient knowledge and competence and Inadequately adapted environment. The category The importance of communication consisted of the subcategories Communication within the care team and Communication with patients and their relatives. The category Challenges in the professional role consisted of the subcategories Striving for balance, Responsibility and availability and Emotional stress.Conclusion: Nurses' experiences of caring for patients in a palliative stage of illness within somatic care were multidimensional. The literature review highlighted the need for increased competence, clearer communication, and existential awareness. These factors were crucial for the nurse to be able to provide safe and patient-centered care for patients at the end of life
Addressing Sexual Violence and Reproductive Harm as Genocide : How Have the ICTY, ICC and National Courts Addressed Sexual Violence and Reproductive Harm as Genocide? A Comparative Study of the Bosnian and Yazidi Cases and the Evolution of International Criminal Justice
No full textThis thesis will analyze the role that sexual violence and reproductive harm have in genocidal campaigns and moreover the function that international criminal law has in its prosecution, more specifically in the Bosnian (1992-1995) and Yazidi (2014-ongoing) genocides. This will be conducted through a comparative legal analysis based on the cases and judicial decisions from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), the German Federal Courts and the efforts of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This paper will explore the ways international criminal law has addressed gendered crimes and through the way they addressed it, analyze its evolution. This study has its ground rooted in feminist legal theory, intersectionality, and reproductive justice frameworks, in order to understand the multilayered complexity of the gender-based structures embedded in international law which makes the prosecution of these crimes on the basis of genocide difficult
”Madness and Civilization” : A foucaultinspired discourse analysis – ”Comorbidity Report”- Samsjuklighetsutredningen (2023:5)
No full text Abstrakt I skuggan av vansinnet – en foucaultinspirerad diskursanalys av Samsjuklighetsutredningen (SOU 2023:5)”Från delar till helhet - tvångsvården som en del av en sammanhållen och personcentrerad vårdkedja” Denna uppsatts gör en diskursanalys av Samsjuklighetsrapporten (2023:5) Den teoretiska ansatsen är inspirerad av Michel Foucault där teoretiska begrepp som utgör grunden av en tematisk analys av rapporten består av makt, kunskap, diskurs, disciplinering, biomakt, governmentality och subjektivering. Samsjuklighetsutredningen påbörjades 2019 på regeringens begäran och ska ligga som underlag för en reform gällande samsjuklighet, vård och stöd. Individer med samsjuklighet har en psykiatrisk sjukdom och skadligt bruk eller beroende. Idag är vård och stöd bristfällig för dessa individer då två olika sjukdomsbilder utgör två olika institutioner i dagens situation. Utredning har tagits över av en delegation för att utredas än en gång gällande framtida implementering. Mitt syfte var att genom en tematisk analys av det skrivna språket i utredningen identifiera hur diskurser påverkar konstruktionen av både individen och välfärdsorganisationen för att genom diskursanalys identifiera vad som producerar maktförhållanden inom rapporten samt reproducerar dem och vad som gör verkligheten styrbar utifrån disciplinering, biomakt och governmentality. Med en utgångspunkt från konstruktion av subjekt, styrning och kontroll i en organisation som producerar avvikelser och normalitet. Nyckelord: Samsjuklighet, Faoucault, samsjuklighetsutredningen, diskursanalys, makt, styrning
Halverad tid mellan injektion och bildtagning vid myokardscintigrafi – hur påverkas tarupptaget? : En jämförelsestudie som undersöker den visuella och kvantitativa påverkan
No full textEn lycklig kärlekssång? : En socio-semiotisk analys av medelklassens konsumtionskärlek, lyteskomik och det visuella narrativet i den svenska reality-såpan Ullared.
No full textThis study conducts a socio-semiotic analysis of the visual narrative in the Swedish reality TV series Ullared, with a focus on the portrayal of the lower middle class. The research examines how consumption and "lyteskomik" (a form of mockery based on physical flaws) are constructed visually, while also exploring the sociological aspects of consumption, class, and identity. Through a combination of semiotic image analysis, transcription analysis, and Pierre Bourdieu's theories on capital and habitus, the study reveals how Ullared creates a symbolic representation of the lower middle class. It explores how the show uses humor, stereotypes, and exaggerated consumer behaviors to produce a form of visual "lyteskomik" that simultaneously reflects and reinforces social hierarchies. The findings suggest that while the series portrays the characters as humorous and sympathetic, it also raises questions about the ethical implications of such representations in reality TV
Food Assembled : Tracing Surinamese Food in Contemporary Dutch Spaces
No full textThis thesis follows the practical life of Surinamese food in the Netherlands. Through fieldwork conducted at markets, take-away shops and grocery counters, it traces how meals are assembled, ingredients selected, and routines sustained across postcolonial space. Rather than approaching food as a marker of identity or cultural expression, the study attends to preparation, repetition and handling. The work is grounded in Actor-Network Theory and the empirical philosophy of Annemarie Mol, with methodological commitments to observation, sensory mapping and descriptive writing. Surinamese dishes such as roti, pom and heri heri appear not as fixed traditions but as meals in motion, held together by gestures, tools and infrastructures shaped by histories of migration and colonial entanglement. The thesis offers a situated account of diasporic food practice, attentive to material specificity and partial coherence
Analys av variationen gällande kulturella ursprung i Engelska textböcker och vad detta innebär för högstadielärare i Sverige
No full textA Qualitative Study on Social Workers’ Preventive Efforts for Women in the Process of Leaving Abusive Relationships
No full textAbstract This qualitative study explores how social workers and professionals within shelters, municipal social services, and women’s advocacy organizations work to prevent abused women from returning to violent relationships. The aim was to investigate the strategies, methods, and structural conditions that influence the effectiveness of long-term support efforts. The central research questions focus on how organizations work preventively and what factors are perceived as critical in a woman’s decision to return or not to her abuser. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals from various organizations across Sweden. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and interpreted through the theoretical frameworks of empowerment and professional discretion. These perspectives allowed for an understanding of both the women’s vulnerability and the limitations placed on professionals by organizational and systemic structures. The results show that the return to a violent relationship is not primarily a matter of lack of awareness or will, but rather a consequence of emotional, economic, and structural barriers. Key themes identified include lack of trust in authorities, emotional ambivalence, economic dependency, and insufficient coordination between service providers. Preventive work was found to be most effective when it was long-term, relationship-based, and allowed women to regain agency over their own lives. However, professionals often faced restrictions in their ability to offer flexible, individualized support due to bureaucratic demands and limited resources. This study highlights the importance of holistic, trust-based and sustainable interventions in the work with women exposed to intimate partner violence. It also emphasizes the need to strengthen inter-organizational cooperation and to ensure that preventive efforts address both the individual and structural dimensions of violence