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    In vitro 3D modeling of colorectal cancer : the pivotal role of the extracellular matrix, stroma and immune modulation

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    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading global cancer with high mortality, especially in metastatic cases, with limited therapeutic options. The tumor microenvironment (TME), a network comprising various immune cells, stromal cells and extracellular (ECM) components plays a crucial role in influencing tumor progression and therapy outcome. The genetic heterogeneity of CRC and the complex TME complicates the development of effective, personalized treatment strategies. The prognosis has slowly improved during the past decades, but metastatic CRC (mCRC) is common among patients and is still associated with low survival. The therapeutic options for CRC differ from those for mCRC and include surgery (mostly for CRC), chemotherapy, growth factor receptor signaling pathway targeting, as well as immunotherapy. Malignant CRC cells are established in the TME, which varies depending on the primary or metastatic site. Herein, we review the role and interactions of several ECM components in 3D models of CRC and mCRC tumor cells, with an emphasis on how the TME affects tumor growth and treatment. This comprehensive summary provides support for the development of 3D models that mimic the interactions within the TME, which will be essential for the development of novel anticancer therapies

    Recreation- and sport-led regeneration of urban water infrastructure

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    Today, cities are to a growing extent looking for solutions for how urban infrastructure, like former industrial sites, can be developed into facilities for sport and recreation, as well as tourism. One example of such infrastructure is canals and former harbour areas. This paper aims at exploring the underlying factors behind, and the potential benefits and challenges of, recreation- and sport-led regeneration of urban water infrastructure with a focus on former harbours and canals, using three Scandinavian cities as examples: Copenhagen, Gothenburg and Malmö. A conceptual and theoretical frame is built around three perspectives: (1) contemporary trends and tendencies in sport and recreation, and spatial implications thereof, (2) urban regeneration, and (3) recreational spaces as ecosystem services. The empirical material is mainly based on six semi-structured interviews with informants involved in the planning, production and operation of the water infrastructure. As shown by the three examples, there are several benefits of a recreation- and sport-led regeneration of former harbours and canals. Those benefits include, for instance, ecosystem services, such as enhanced biodiversity and improved recreational opportunities, quality of life and well-being, as well as economic benefits in terms of tourism and positive attention. One of the examples also demonstrates that harbour regeneration could be an opportunity to develop methods for community participation and public-nonprofit partnerships. However, the examples highlight a number of challenges as well, such as polluted water and the technical issues and high costs involved in cleaning it; the provision of equal access to the water infrastructure; the creation of a safe co-existence for different actors and activities in the same water space; and diverse ownership, responsibility and regulation issues. To summarize, the paper shows that in a successful recreation-led regeneration of urban water infrastructure, the potential outcome is increased attractivity, activity and sustainability

    Generational housing without family ties : an emerging phenomenon for ageing in place?

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    Generational housing is an emerging phenomenon that suggests living well in a safe environment, supported by neighbours rather than relatives. It contains individual flats but also communal space. However, conditions for ageing in place through home adaptations, neighbours’ help or municipal eldercare services are unclear. The study focused on two cases in Denmark and Finland, identified in a previous study on requirements for accessibility and usability of the built environment. Research methods like close reading, scrutiny of architectural drawings, in situ study visits and email inquiries were used. The research evaluated possibilities for ageing with increasing needs of care and dependency. The study concluded that generational housing is mainly motivated by housing problems for the young generation. The individual flats are subject to spatial condensation so that communal space can be provided. Hence, although generational housing creates a community feeling, it is a community with an expiration date.

    Cultivating Community : Nature-based Interventions, Intellectual Disability and Autism

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    Bakgrund: Personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning och personer med autism löper högre risk att drabbas av psykisk ohälsa och stress. Det finns hälsoklyftor mellan personer med funktionsnedsättning och personer utan samtidigt som det råder ojämlik tillgång av resurser. För att undanröja ojämlik hälsa har hälsofrämjande insatser lyfts fram som en möjlighet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utifrån en litteraturöversikt undersöka befintlig forskning om naturbaserade interventioner för personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning, autism eller autismliknande tillstånd, samt dess effekter och relation till det socialpedagogiska fältet. Metod: Genom en scoping review samlades 14 artiklar inom ämnet in via sökningar i fyra databaser, PsychINFO, Medline, Cinahl och Scopus. Resultat: Naturbaserade interventioner identifierades kunna ge en trygg och meningsfull tillvaro där sociala förmågor och nya relationer kan bildas. Slutsatser: Naturbaserade interventioner kan tänkas bistå det socialpedagogiska fältet som en hälsofrämjande insats att använda i det praktiknära arbetet. Vidare forskning behövs inom området för att klargöra om effekterna av naturbaserade interventioner kan härledas från de naturbaserade inslagen i sig eller om det är flera faktorer i sammanhanget som samverkar till effekterna.  Background: People with intellectual disabilities and people with autism are at higher risk of suffering from mental illness and stress. There are health gaps between people with disabilities and people without, and there is unequal access to resources. To eliminate unequal health, health promotion and preventive interventions have been highlighted as an opportunity. The purpose of this paper is to examine existing research on nature-based interventions for people with intellectual disabilities, autism or autism-like conditions, as well as its effects and relationship to the social educational field. Method: With a scoping review, 14 articles on the subject were collected through search in four databases, PsychINFO, Medline, Cinahl and Scopus. Results: Nature-based interventions can be considered to assist the social educational field as a health promotion intervention that can be used in practical work. Further research is needed in the area to clarify whether nature-based interventions can be derived from the nature-based elements themselves or whether there are several factors in the context that interact to produce its effects

    When Hearing Falls Silent and Stigma Takes Over : A Literature Reviewon Experiences of Living with Hearing Loss

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    Bakgrund: Hörselnedsättning är en vanlig men ofta osynlig funktionsnedsättningsom påverkar individers kommunikation, identitet och sociala delaktighet.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att undersöka befintlig forskning sombelyser olika faktorer som kan påverka upplevelsen av att leva medhörselnedsättning.Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklaranalyserades genom tematisk analys. Artiklarna identifierades via en systematisksökning i databasen Cinahl.Resultat: Fem huvudteman identifierades: (1) stigma och sociala normer, (2)identitet och självbild, (3) copingstrategier och delaktighet, (4) samhälletspåverkan och normkritik, samt (5) kunskap, empowerment och tillgång till vård.Resultatet visar att upplevelsen av att leva med hörselnedsättning påverkas starktav sociala strukturer, attityder och tillgång till stöd.Slutsats: För att förbättra livsvillkoren för personer med hörselnedsättning krävsinte bara tekniska lösningar, utan också ökad förståelse för de psykosocialaaspekterna. Socialt stöd, normkritik och individanpassade insatser lyfts fram somcentrala faktorer för ökad delaktighet och välbefinnande

    Implementing Peer Instruction at a High School Level: An Intervention Study

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    Betygsdata från Skolverket visar att andelen underkända elever ökar i matematik på svenska gymnasieskolor. Tidigare forskning visar att interaktiva lärmetoder, såsom Peer Instruction, minskar andelen underkända elever. Hälften av gymnasieskolorna som Skolinspektionen har granskat hade inga inplanerade diskussionsmoment i sin matematikundervisning. Skolverket har sedan förtydligat sina formuleringar i ämnesplanen för matematik för att framhäva att eleverna ska få möjlighet att diskutera matematik. En undervisningsmetod som Peer Instruction som bygger på kamratdiskussioner är därför av extra vikt att undersöka i matematikundervisningen på en svensk gymnasieskola. När den tidigare forskningen om Peer Instruction undersöktes kunde inte några exempel från svenska gymnasieskolor hittas och därför genomfördes denna studie som ett pilotprojekt för vidare forskning. Studien är en interventionsstudie som undersökte om elever i Matematik 4 har fler rätt på förståelsefrågor efter att ha fått diskutera med en kamrat jämfört med att få egen betänketid. Resultatet av studien var att de elever som fick genomföra kamratdiskussion svarade rätt i genomsnitt 23 procentenheter oftare jämfört med elever som fick tänka själva. Effektstorleken beräknades med Cohens d och var stor på både förståelsefrågan och kontrollfrågan. Den positiva effektstorleken betyder att Peer Instruction skulle kunna vara en passande undervisningsmetod för matematikundervisning på svenska gymnasieskolor. Studiens begränsade omfattning gjorde dock att detta inte kunde fastslås med statistisk signifikans och det krävs därför mer forskning för att fastställa detta resultat

    Addressing cognitive mathematical difficulties in algebra: Upper Secondary Teachers' identification and didactic strategies in mathematics 1

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    Denna studie undersöker hur gymnasielärare identifierar och hanterar kognitiva matematiksvårigheter hos elever inom algebra i kursen matematik 1 på gymnasienivå. Med fokus på lärarnas perspektiv och strategier syftar studien till att bidra med insikter om hur undervisning kan anpassas för att stödja elever med dessa svårigheter. Genom kliniska uppgiftsbaserade- och semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem gymnasielärare analyseras deras metoder för att kartlägga kognitiva svårigheter samt de didaktiska strategier och stödinsatser de använder. Studien använder teorier om semiotiska representationer, fyrfältsmodell för matematiksvårigheter och hermeneutiken som teoretiska ramverk. Resultaten visar att lärare identifierar kognitiva svårigheter genom återkommande felmönster, såsom brister i arbetsminne och taluppfattning samt tillämpar strategier som tydlig struktur, visuella representationer och individualiserade anpassningar. Utmaningar såsom resursbrist och stora undervisningsgrupper begränsar dock möjligheterna till effektiv implementering. Studien belyser vikten av fortbildning och stödinsatser, och framtida forskning bör undersöka hur hela elevprov tolkas samt hur elever upplever stödet vid kognitiva matematiksvårigheter

    Cannabis in the treatment process : A qualitative study of treatment professionals’ experiences of changing attitudes toward cannabis

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    Flera länder har antingen avpenaliserat, avkriminaliserat eller legaliserat cannabis. Även i Sverige visar undersökningar att tillåtande attityder mot drogen ökar trots landets strikta narkotikapolitik. Även om tillåtande attityder ökar, finns det lite forskning om hur behandlingsarbetet påverkas i Sverige. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka behandlingspersonals upplevelser och strategier, mot en bakgrund av förändrade attityder till cannabis. Studien baserades på åtta kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma inom missbruksvård och socialt arbete. Det empiriska analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. För att förstå hur personalen rättfärdigar och legitimerar sina upplevelser och strategier användes Boltanski och Thévenots teori om rättfärdigande. Resultatet visar att behandlingspersonalen uppfattar en tydlig förskjutning på synen av cannabis hos både klienter och samhället i stort, vilket påverkar behandlingen genom minskad motivation och ökat motstånd hos klienterna. För att hantera förändrade attityder tvingas personalen arbeta kreativt och samtidigt balansera mellan allians, effektivitet, sociala normer och lagar. Studien visar att behandlingspersonal behöver navigera och anpassa sitt yrkesutförande genom inspirerade, - civila- och industriella livsvärldar, vilka är tre moraliska principer enligt teorin om rättfärdigande. Uppsatsen bidrar med ny kunskap om hur behandlingsarbetet kan anpassas och bemöta förändrade attityder till cannabis i Sverige.Several countries have either depenalized, decriminalized or legalized cannabis. In Sweden, surveys show that favourable attitudes towards cannabis are increasing, despite the country’s restrictive drug policy. Although this shift is evident, few studies have examined how it affects treatment staff in Sweden. The aim of this study was to examine treatment staffs’ experiences and strategies, in a context of changing attitudes toward cannabis. The study is based eight semi-structured, qualitative interviews with professionals working in substance abuse treatment and social work. The empirical data was analysed using thematic analysis. Boltanski and Thévenot´s theory on justification, was applied to understand how the staff justified and legitimized their experiences and strategies. The findings indicate that treatment staff observe a significant shift in how cannabis is perceived by both clients and society more broadly, which influences treatment by affecting client motivation and increasing resistance. To challenge these changes in attitudes, the staff had to adjust their strategies and develop creative ways to balance therapeutic alliance, effectiveness, social norms and legal frameworks. The study shows that treatment staff had to adjust their professional practice by navigating three moral principles according to the theory on justification: the inspired, civic and industrial worlds. This study contributes to new knowledge on how treatment work can adapt and manage changing attitudes toward cannabis in Sweden.

    Approaching middle-school student science learning and sustainability dilemmas through co-creation processes with science professionals

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    Environmental sustainability dilemmas may be perceived by students as unattainable and difficult to deal with. To circumvent this, research suggests employing encouraging principles such as empowerment, local ownership, collaboration, and resilience. In this study, we sought to explore middle-school students’ learning about science through engaging them in a co-creation process. This meant that fifth graders worked with local urban planning, water usage reduction and water pollution together with science professionals. The classroom observations were analysed through the framework of scientific habits of mind. The results pointed to that co-creation encouraged and enhanced discussions and created opportunities for the students to employ different aspects of science. The discussions were driven by the participants as a curiosity statement could lead to new utterances of rationality, objectivity or suspension of belief. This way of argumentation may socialise the students into a scientific way of reasoning and the interactions become opportunities for learning about science

    At the Nexus of Security and Migration - Italy’s Immigration Governance in the External Realm : Legal, Political, and Ethical Challenges of the Italian Engagement with Third Countries

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    This Thesis intends to examine the evolution of migration management in the Euro-Mediterranean context, focusing on Italy’s pivotal role under the broader framework of the European Union, with the involvement of international agencies and non-governmental organisations. Throughout the investigation, the external dimension of migration control emerges as a core mechanism, increasingly legitimised through a populist and nationalist rhetoric. The research, therefore, adopts securitisation theory and the policy mobility framework to trace how migration governance instruments, narratives, and practices circulate and are adapted across different institutional and geographical settings. With respect to the methodology, this study employs Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to uncover the discursive constructions that underpin policy shifts, focusing on how language is used to legitimise externalisation practices and the redefinition of responsibilities. By combining policy analysis with discourse examination, the research explores how security concerns and political pressures reshape legal obligations, humanitarian considerations, and the boundaries of responsibility. The findings reveal a complex interplay between national interests, supranational coordination, and transnational policy diffusion that redefines the governance of human mobility, with significant implications for asylum rights, regional stability, and international norms

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