Malmö University
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The physical aspects of mathematical achievement
No full textThis study explores the relationship between physical activity and students’ performance in mathematics with specific focus on Swedish schools. The study focuses on three different aspects of physical activity: medium to high intensity physical education during school time, increased physical education during school time, and physical fitness outside school time. The results are derived from peer-reviewed sources and selected through a systematic method. Studies show that medium to high intensity physical activity has effects on mathematical performances. Studies which only increase physical education during school time show no difference in the students’ mathematics performance. Students who are active in their spare time however get beneficial effects, but mostly if the intensity of the activity is medium to high. Cognitive functions such as the students’ working memory and concentration are mentioned in our findings but their relation with physical activity are not conclusive.
Assessing Crime History as a Predictor : Exploring Hotspots of Violent and Property Crime in Malmö, Sweden
No full textObjectives: Assessing the predictive accuracy of using prior crime, place attributes, ambient population, community structural, and social characteristics, in isolation and combined when forecasting different violent and property crimes. Method: Using multilevel negative binomial regression, crime is forecasted into the subsequent year, in 50-m grid-cells. Incidence rate ratio (IRR), Prediction Accuracy Index (PAI), and Prediction Efficacy Index (PEI*) are interpreted for all combined crime generators and community characteristics. This study is partially a test of a crude version of the Risk Terrain Modeling technique. Results: Where crime has been in the past, the risk for future crime is higher. Where characteristics conducive to crime congregate, the risk for crime is higher. Community structural characteristics and ambient population are important for some crime types. Combining variables increases the accuracy for most crime types, looking at the IRR. Taking the geographical area into account, crime history in combination with both place- and neighborhood characteristics reaches similar accuracy as crime history alone for most crime types and most hotspot cutoffs. Conclusions: Crime history, place-, and neighborhood-level attributes are all important when trying to accurately forecast crime, long-term at the micro-place. Only counting past crimes, however, still does a really good job
Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on births and induced abortions in Southern Sweden : a register-based study
No full textBackground Pandemics are linked with declining birth rates, but little is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced childbearing decisions. We aimed to investigate the associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and reproductive decisions, specifically to identify potential changes in the frequency of deliveries and induced abortions in Sk & aring;ne, Sweden.Methods Using the Sk & aring;ne Healthcare Register, we identified women aged 15-45 years who had at least one pregnancy-related care visit registered between 1 January 2013 and 11 November 11 2021. Deliveries and induced abortions were identified, and changes in weekly delivery and abortion counts were assessed using an interrupted time series design. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from a Poisson regression model.Results During the study period we identified 129 131 deliveries and 38 591 abortions. Compared with the counterfactual (exposed interval assuming COVID-19 had not occurred), pandemic exposure was associated with fewer deliveries (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98). For abortions, pandemic exposure appeared to be associated with fewer abortions (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00); however, age-related differences were found. Among women aged 25 years and over, pandemic exposure was more strongly associated with fewer abortions. Contrastingly, among women aged under 25 years, abortions appeared to increase.Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic seemed to have contributed to a decline in births in Southern Sweden. During the same period, abortions declined in women in the older age range, but contrastingly increased among younger women
The Effects of Handwriting on Different Dimensions of Reading and Writing Development in the Earliest Years of School: A Systematic Knowledge Overview
No full textThe aim of this systematic knowledge overview is to shed light on what research says about how different writing modalities affect the initial reading and writing development. The background for the chosen area of challenge is the vague formulation in the current curriculum regarding what extent students should develop within different writing modalities. More specifically, our aim is to find out what importance handwriting has within this field. By reading, analysing and discussing different studies systematically, we have collected material from ten separate research results. These studies have been carried out both nationally and internationally and are for the most part quantitative and interventional. The research we have accessed shows that handwriting has a confirmed positive effect on some areas of the initial reading and writing development. These include letter knowledge as well as text length, writing fluency and writing speed. However, these results are not wholly unchallenged. Our conclusion is that the two writing modalities concerning our subject matter should not be seen as being opposite to one another. Although, initial intensified handwriting could lead to students becoming more effective writers further on, both when writing by hand and typing/keyboarding. Explicit experiences within both modalities are needed, however
Sexuality is not age-related : an interview study
No full textIncreased knowledge of how sexuality is expressed in older persons may create opportunities for healthcare professionals to perform care according to a person-centered approach. To describe older people's experiences of sexuality concerning aging, a qualitative study was conducted. Eight persons aged 60 and above were interviewed, and the obtained data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that the participants were certain of being sexually active as they got older. Awareness of what old age can bring regarding illness and increased medication intake was clear, alongside the importance of discussing sexuality with friends or a partner. Age was not seen as an obstacle to continuously being sexually active, and new ways to maintain intimacy and sexuality were identified. According to our results sexuality in older people is about well-being and intimate relationships. Creating opportunities for a trusting, caring relationship can strengthen older people's sexual health. Healthcare professionals must, therefore, make possibilities for trustful relationships to support and discuss sexuality with older people. In this study, eight persons aged 60 and above were interviewed about their experiences of sexuality concerning aging. They described sexuality in terms of well-being and intimate relationships and spoke about the need for support and discussions about sexuality in meetings with healthcare personnel
The Use of Scaffolding to improve reading comprehension for EFL students year 7-9 : Användning av stöttning för att utveckla läsförståelsen för att utveckla läsförståelsen för engelska som andraspråk för elever i årskurs 7-9
No full textScaffolding strategies have a positive effect on students' reading comprehension by providing support to improve student development and understanding of texts. Identifying the different types of scaffolding strategies used in the classroom and their benefit for students reading comprehension, can help identify which scaffolds that can be used for reading comprehension improvement and growth. This study aimed to explore the types of scaffolding used in the EFL classroom for students in year 7-9, and their benefits on students reading comprehension. A systematic literature review of 10 articles was conducted to address the paper's aim and research questions. The analysis revealed that scaffolding had a positive effect on the students' reading comprehension, varieties of scaffolding explored in this paper. Firstly, data shows that the role of the teachers in scaffolding is critical in enhancing the students' reading comprehension. Adding that guided support from the teachers, can help students to engage with the texts and improve comprehension. Second, using digital multimodal for individualised scaffolding can increase student independence and reading motivation. The multimodal strategies can aid self- regulation, task-persistence and lexical competence. Third, peer and collaborative scaffolding, where students work together can help students improve their reading comprehension by sharing ideas and discussing their findings with each other. Lastly, teaching students about the different types of scaffolding strategies available, can aid students in choosing which ones to apply to improve and enhance their reading comprehension
Hot Girl Walk på TikTok : Promenader, hälsotrender och social mobilisering i sociala medier
No full textÅr 2021 publicerade den amerikanska TikTok-kreatören Mia Lind en video om att gå ut och gå (@mia_lind, 2021). Detta var mitt under covid-19-pandemin och många människor runt om i världen försökte bryta sin isolering genom att bland annat motionera utomhus. Videon handlade inte bara om att gå ut och gå i största allmänhet utan ungefär en halv minut in i videon presenterade Lind ett budskap om hur promenaden skulle gå till. Den skulle för det första genomföras utomhus och helst sträcka sig över fyra engelska mil (cirka 6,4 kilometer). För det andra skulle fokus under promenaden enbart riktas mot tre teman: (1) Vad du är tacksam för, (2) dina mål och hur du ska uppnå dem samt (3) hur snygg och sexig (”hot”) du är. Lind benämnde promenaden ”Hot Girl Walk”. Det blev snabbt en trend på TikTok