Malmö University
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The COVID Shift : Comparing Hybrid Telehealth to In-Person Group Therapy for Incarcerated Women Survivors of Sexual Violence Victimization
No full textIncarcerated women report extremely high rates of lifetime sexual violence victimization. Survivors Healing from Abuse: Recovery through Exposure (SHARE) is an exposure-based group therapy specifically designed for incarcerated women survivors of sexual violence. SHARE has been continuously delivered in a women’s prison for more than 12 years. However, like many prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic, the prison ceased all in-person programming between March 2020 and July 2021. In response, the SHARE treatment team pivoted to a hybrid telehealth delivery model (i.e., group participants gathering in a facility group room and therapists joining via video, displayed on a computer screen within the group room). Given the lack of evidence for hybrid telehealth in carceral settings, and specifically for group therapy for sexual trauma, the current study compared ratings on internalizing symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory-18 or BSI-18), posttraumatic stress symptoms (Posttraumatic Checklist-5 or PCL-5), and group cohesion ratings (Inclusion of Self in Other scale, or IOS) for participants who received SHARE in person (n = 21) or through hybrid telehealth (n = 19). The results demonstrated that participants of in-person and hybrid telehealth SHARE groups reported similar significant reductions in BSI-18 (15.21 in person vs. 16.00 in hybrid telehealth) and PCL-5 (30.78 in person vs. 26.40 in hybrid telehealth) scores pre- to post-treatment and comparable IOS ratings (5.06 in person vs. 5.31 in hybrid telehealth). The findings suggest hybrid telehealth is an effective and feasible treatment modality for meeting the need for trauma-focused therapy in prisons. Future studies examining the effectiveness and implementation of trauma-focused hybrid telehealth groups in prisons are warranted
Resources Allocated for Undergraduate Education in Oral Radiology in European Dentistry Programmes : A Survey Study
No full textAIMS: The Education Committee of the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology should 'encourage and support high levels of graduate and postgraduate education in dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR) all over Europe'. For this reason, the committee aimed to formulate a document describing resources allocated for undergraduate education within oral radiology in Europe today that can serve as a benchmark against which dental schools and/or countries with dentistry programmes can relate their undergraduate education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire addressing resources allocated for learning oral radiology was distributed to colleagues involved in oral radiology education in 117 dental schools in 29 countries in Europe. RESULTS: The answers represent approximately 13% of the dental schools in 40% of the countries providing dental education in Europe. There was a large variation regarding qualifications among teachers. There were also large differences in reported time dedicated to oral radiology courses, within some parts the allocated time differed by a factor 16. DISCUSSION: An ambition to achieve high standards in oral radiology all over Europe should, based on the results of this survey, start with an effort to attain consensus regarding the role of oral radiology in dental education. The involvement of dentists with DMFR specialist training, would support high levels of undergraduate education. CONCLUSION: The results of this survey include information that educators and authorities can relate to in planning and implementation of new or revised curriculum. The ambition should be to increase teachers' competence and to work towards more harmonised and extensive courses in oral radiology
Behavioural design for improved garbage sorting : How can a rewardsystem be used in product design to motivate for improved garbage sorting?
No full textDetta projekt har forskat kring hur produktdesign, mer specifikt beteendedesign, kan användas för att skapa en produkt som kan bidra till en hållbar utveckling. Detta genom att öka graden skräp som sopsorteras korrekt för att höja graden skräp som återvinns. Studien har grundat sig i design för beteendeförändring såväl som konceptet gamification. Kvalitativa data har även samlats och analyserats genom utförandet av designprobes följt av intervjuer. Baserat på dessa fakta har ett flertal metoder utförts i en idégenereringsprocess för att ta fram olika koncept som kan svara på studiens frågeställning. Sedan genom skissande och skapande av prototyper har ett slutgiltigt koncept tagits fram. Studien resulterade i en produkt som ställs i användarens hem och låter användaren belöna sig själv för klimatsmarta val som tas i vardagen. Detta slutkoncept utgör studiens designbidrag.This project has explored how product design, more specifically behavioural design, can be used to create a product that contributes to sustainable development. The focus is on increasing the amount of waste that is properly sorted to increase the rate of recycling of garbage. The study is grounded in design for behavioural change as well as the concept of gamification. Qualitative data has also been collected and analysed through the use of design probes followed by interviews. Based on these findings, several methods were applied in an idea generation process in order to develop various concepts that address the study's research question. Through sketching and prototyping, a final concept was then developed. The study resulted in a product designed to be placed in the user's home, allowing the user to reward themselves for making environmentally conscious choices in their daily life. This final concept constitutes the study's design contribution
Democratic teaching methods : A research overview on the methods and strategies in social science education.
No full textThe complex shear time response of saliva in healthy individuals
No full textSaliva plays a critical role in oral health, offering protection, aiding in digestion, and facilitating speech and swallowing. This study explores the biochemical composition of human saliva from healthy subjects, including total protein, glycoprotein, and calcium concentrations, in relation to its shear and time-dependent rheological properties. Eleven healthy, nonsmoking subjects were recruited, and salivary secretion rates were measured. Assays were used to determine concentrations of total protein, glycoproteins, and calcium, in addition to rheometry for evaluating the rheological properties of saliva. The results showed that unstimulated saliva, dominated by the mucins MUC5B and MUC7, displayed significantly higher viscosity and pronounced viscoelastic properties compared to stimulated saliva. Rheological analysis revealed saliva to be a viscoelastic material, exhibiting both elastic (solid-like) and viscous (liquid-like) responses. Shear thinning behavior was observed, where viscosity decreased with increasing shear rates, contributing to the fluid's ability to adapt to varying oral conditions. Furthermore, saliva exhibited thixotropy, a time-dependent material behavior characterized by structural breakdown under shear and recovery at rest. Calcium and glycoprotein levels were positively correlated with increased viscoelasticity, particularly with the storage modulus (G '), which reflects the ability of saliva to store elastic energy. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between the biochemical composition of saliva and its rheological properties, specifically its capacity for shear thinning, viscoelastic behavior, and time-dependent recovery, which are vital for its lubrication and protective functions in the oral cavity
Decolonising social work practice field education: A scoping review
No full textDecolonisation is redressing colonial legacies and reaffirming self-determination. Understandings of decolonisation in social work field education literature were examined using a social justice lens. This scoping review combined systematic database searching with decolonising methods including relational searches. Data synthesis included thematic and deductive analysis to critical frameworks. The 43 studies included were primarily English-speaking and post-2010. Themes emphasised integrating Indigenous knowledge, challenging White dominance, reconstructing spaces, promoting critical reflection, and understanding socio-political contexts. Analysis highlighted the need for ameliorative and transformative change. Cultural and epistemic injustices embedded in social work field education marginalise non-White social work students. If unaddressed, harmful practices will be perpetuated
Nurses’ experiences of encountering women living with intimate partner violence : A literature review
No full textBakgrund: Våld i nära relation har sedan 1996 beskrivits som ett folkhälsoproblem av Världshälsoorganisationen. Kvinnor är utsatta i större utsträckning än män och män är ofta våldsförövaren. Våld i nära relation kan uttrycka sig i både fysiskt och psykiskt våld. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att möta och vårda kvinnor som är utsatta för våld i nära relation. Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats gjordes. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades, vilka hämtades från databaserna CINAHL, PsycInfo och PubMed. Resultat: Litteraturstudien mynnade ut i tre kategorier. Första kategorin var Behov av organisatoriskt stöd och resurser där det framkom att en del sjuksköterskor upplevde att de saknade riktlinjer och kunskap kring våld i nära relation. Andra kategorin var Emotionell och psykisk påfrestning som inkluderade att en del sjuksköterskor blev så emotionellt involverade att det påverkade deras privata liv. Sista kategorin var Normaliserat våld där det gick att se att kultur och samhällets syn på våld påverkade sjuksköterskors egen syn på våld i nära relation, vilket i sin tur påverkade sjuksköterskans omvårdnad. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskorna beskrev som upplevelse av att möta och vårda kvinnor som lever med våld i nära relation var emotionell och psykisk påfrestning, samt okunskap. Vidare förbättringsarbete behövs för att öka kunskapen inom området bland sjuksköterskor och därmed förhoppningsvis även öka självförtroende hos sjuksköterskor i sin profession förhållande till våld i nära relation, med syfte att förbättra omvårdnaden av våldsutsatta kvinnor.Background: Domestic violence has since 1996 been seen as a public health problem according to the World Health Organisation. Women are more often victims of intimate partner violence than men and men are often the perpetrators of the violence. Intimate partner violence can be both physical and psychological. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe nurses' experience of encountering women living with intimate partner violence. Method: A literature study with qualitative approach was made. Ten scientific articles were retrieved from the databases CINAHL, PsycInfo and PubMed and thereafter analysed. Result: The literature review resulted in three categories. The first category was Need for Organizational Support and Resources, where it emerged that some nurses felt they lacked guidelines and knowledge regarding intimate partner violence. The second category was Emotional and Psychological Strain, which included instances where some nurses became so emotionally involved that it affected their private lives. The final category was Normalized Violence, which revealed that culture and societal perceptions of violence influenced nurses' own views on intimate partner violence, which in turn affected their care practices. Conclusion: Emotional and psychological strain, along with lack of knowledge was recurring when nurses described their experience of encountering women living with intimate partner violence. Further improvements are needed to enhance the knowledge among nurses and hopefully, also increase their confidence in their professional role in relationship to intimate partner violence, with the aim of improving the nursing care of women exposed to violence
Nurse’s Experiences Of Caring For Patients With Mental Illness In Somatic Care : A literature review
No full textBakgrund: Psykisk sjukdom är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem och påverkar många aspekter av individens liv, inklusive dess fysiska hälsa. Sjuksköterskor som arbetar inom somatisk vård möter ofta patienter med psykisk sjukdom, vilket ställer krav på kompetensen och förmågan att ge holistisk vård. Stigmatisering och negativa attityder gentemot patienter med psykisk sjukdom är vanligt och kan leda till att dessa patienter får en sämre vårdupplevelse. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med psykisk sjukdom inom somatisk vård. Metod: Litteraturstudien baserades på tio kvalitativa primärstudier som valdes ut via en systematisk sökning i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och PsychInfo. Analysen genomfördes enligt Popenoe m.fl. (2021) och samtliga artiklar kvalitetsgranskades. Resultat: Fem kategorier identifierades: känslomässig påfrestning och otillräcklighet, rädsla och osäkerhet, bristande resurser och kunskap, stigma och negativa attityder samt erfarenheter som förstärke patientrelationen. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor utsätts för en rad utmaningar i vårdandet av patienter med psykisk sjukdom. För att förbättra vården behövs utbildningsinsatser som stärker sjuksköterskornas kompetens i mötet med patientgruppen. Background: Mental illness is a global public health concern that affects many aspects of an individual’s life, including their physical health. Nurses working in somatic care often encounter patients with mental illness, which demands competence and the ability to provide holistic care. Stigmatization and negative attitudes toward patients with mental illness are common and may result in these patients receiving a lower quality of care experience. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to highlight nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with mental illness in somatic care. Method: The literature review was based on ten qualitative primary studies selected through a systematic search in the databases CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycInfo. The analysis was conducted following Popenoe et al. (2021), and all articles underwent a quality assessment. Results: Five categories were identified: emotional strain and inadequacy, fear and uncertainty, lack of resources and knowledge, stigma and negative attitudes, and experiences that strengthened the nurse-patient relationship. Conclusion: Nurses face a range of challenges in caring for patients with mental illness. To improve care, educational initiatives are needed to enhance nurses' competence in engaging with this patient group.
Employee Engagement is for Everyone - if everyone is like us. : A Postcolonial Analysis of Western Norms in Thailand.
No full textThis study examines how three western companies, that have expanded to Thailand, have conceptualized Employee Engagement (EE) within the Thai context. Using qualitative methods through semi-structured interviews with HR-representatives, the data were analyzed from a postcolonial theory. The analysis identifies themes such as discursive power, hybridity and universality, highlighting the dominance of western norms in shaping EE practice. Despite efforts to incorporate local perspectives through focus groups and engagement surveys, the results show a symbolic inclusion of Thai culture rather than genuine integration. This tension results in the perpetuation of western hegemony, the marginalization of local voices, and challenges in promoting effective EE in Thailand.Denna studie undersöker hur tre västerländskt grundade företag, som expanderat till Thailand, förhåller sig till Employee Engagement (EE) i thailändsk kontext. Data från semi-strukturerade intervjuer med HR-representanter, har analyserats i postkolonial teori. I processen av EE, visar resultatet en västerländsk dominans genom teman som diskursiv makt, hybriditet och universalitet. Trots försök att inkludera thailändska medarbetare i EE, såsom fokusgrupper och medarbetarundersökningar, förstås detta snarare som en symbolisk inkludering. Detta resulterar i en begränsad lokal anpassning med anledning av västerländsk hegemoni och marginalisering av thailändska medarbetare