Malmö University
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Needs assessment of training midwifery, nursing, and medical students in sexual and reproductive health care for people with disabilities in Tanzania
No full textBackground: Tanzania has a sexual and reproductive health (SRH) crisis, a particularly vulnerable population of people with disabilities (PWD), and a need for healthcare providers trained in PWD-focused SRH care. However, SRH services are limited, and the inclusion of PWD in SRH efforts is rare in Tanzania. The current study examined the feasibility and acceptability of addressing this critical gap by training future healthcare professionals in SRH for PWD. Objective: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of a PWD-focused SRH training to be delivered to healthcare students attending Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science (MUHAS) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A mixed methods design via a survey taken by 409 medical, nursing, and midwifery student participants was employed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a new curriculum focused on the SRH needs of PWD. Data were assessed using descriptive statistics and reflexive content analysis. Results: Data indicate that 83.6% and 97.6% of medical, nursing, and midwifery students believe that an SRH training centered on the needs of PWD is feasible and acceptable, respectively. Moreover, findings indicated that 50.4% of medical, nursing, and midwifery students at MUHAS receive little to no training in SRH for PWD. Participants’ qualitative responses indicated that the training would improve the quality of life for PWD, address their vulnerability and healthcare neglect, and benefit society. Conclusion: MUHAS students find a PWD-focused SRH training to be feasible, acceptable, and needed, presenting an opportunity for great impact
Psychosocial Interventions Preventing Gang-Related Crime Among Young People: A Systematic Review
No full textThe objective was to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in preventing gang membership and gang-related crime among children and young adults under the age of 30. We performed a systematic review and synthesized interventions targeting universal, selective, and indicated populations published between January 2000 and April 2023. We included 42 (seven randomized, 12 nonrandomized, 23 controlled interrupted time series) studies evaluating 33 unique psychosocial interventions. Synthesis without meta-analysis found a preventive effect of psychosocial interventions in middle schools on gang membership. Furthermore, meta-analysis found that focused deterrence strategies prevented gang-involved violence, and that psychosocial support during probation decreased crime recidivism. This systematic review found significant effects of four psychosocial interventions compared to control in reducing future criminality, especially gun violence, among children and young adults. The findings are discussed regarding policy implications and ethical considerations
"I care about transport sustainability, but i have children": Open-text surveys highlight the concerns of families with children
No full textThe importance of providing access to quality public transport has been discussed in numerous literature and reports. Despite growing recognition of the need for inclusive public transport, the specific mobility needs of children and their caregivers remain largely overlooked in transport planning and evaluation. Conventional assessments—which rely on structured, expert-driven criteria such as accessibility, punctuality, and safety— often fail to capture the nuanced capabilities and unequal access experienced by underrepresented groups, such as families with children. This study addresses this gap by adopting an inductive approach to analyze open-text responses from survey data collected between 2022 and 2023 by the Swedish Public Transport Association. Employing sentiment and content analysis, we investigated how the survey respondents address children-related accessibility challenges and concerns about traveling by public transport while accompanying children. Approximately 15 % of the survey respondents answered the open-text questions, with around 3 % (415 individuals in 2022 and 588 in 2023) specifically mentioning the words “child” or “children.” Reviewing the responses, we identified four key concerns that constrain the capabilities of children and their caregivers: (1) time-management pressures, (2) affordability and value concerns, (3) safety concerns, and (4) comfort and convenience limitations. Through the lenses of transport justice and capability theory, we argue that capability deprivation could reinforce car dependency or reduce mobility and social participation opportunities for families with children. The results underscore the need to integrate child- and caregiver-specific needs into public transport planning and design. Furthermore, this study highlights the value of unstructured public feedback in revealing unmet mobility demands and nuanced quality expectations, which are critical for ensuring equitable access to sustainable transport for all citizens
Angular-dependent interatomic potential for large-scale simulation of bcc and hcp multi-component refractory alloys
No full textThis work is devoted to the development and comprehensive validation of a new interatomic potential for bcc and hcp refractory alloys based on the W-Mo-Nb-Ta-Zr-Ti system. The presented model allows the simulation of various structural transformations, as well as the behavior of crystal defects in several of the phases observed in this system. The classical form of the potential enables simulations of atomic systems comprising up to 108 atoms for durations longer than a million time steps using a routine computational setting. The wide applicability of the developed model is demonstrated by the example of studying phase transformations in Ti Nb alloys and the properties of defects in Laves phases
Dear Researchers : Think about the future, for sure, but please don't forget about the present – the Odense Manifesto for academia–industry collaboration at ICSA 2025
No full textImmune tolerance : induction and disruption for therapeutic immune modulation
No full textThis study investigated the tolerance induction and disruption of immune tolerance as strategies for immune modulation. For induction of immune tolerance, novel monocyte-derived tolerogenic dendritic cells (ItolDCs) were generated, and their ability to modulate the immune system was assessed using in vitro assays in hemophilia A patients who had developed neutralizing antibodies against their factor VIII replacement therapy. The cells were characterized, their functionality was assessed, and their feasibility as a safe cell therapy was further evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo studies for the induction of immune tolerance against factor VIII. For research on disruption of immune tolerance, meningioma, the most common brain tumor, was studied. To map the immune cell composition in meningiomas, a protocol was optimized for shorter enzymatic digestion, which breaks down the tissue into single-cell suspensions of viable immune cells. Since CD8+ T cells are vital in tumor suppression, further studies were conducted to explore their characteristics and identify possible targetable processes for immunotherapy. To investigate both induction and disruption of immune tolerance, various techniques were employed, including flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and functional-cell-based assays. Our investigation demonstrated that ItolDCs are a feasible and safe option for cell therapy aimed at inducing immune tolerance. Thus, factor VIII-loaded ItolDCs are ready for clinical evaluation to reduce inhibitor levels in patients with hemophilia A. Several tolerance-associated markers (PD-1, TIM-3, TIGIT, and LAG-3) were identified in CD8+ T cells in meningioma. These findings highlight how tumor cells may evade immune defenses and suggest potential immunotherapeutic targets, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Taken together, various approaches may be employed for immune modulations to either induce or disrupt immune tolerance.Paper II and IV in dissertation as manuscript. Not included in the fulltext online.</p
Using Problem-solving in Mathematics Education
No full text Denna studie undersöker pedagogens syn på problemlösning inom skolverksamheten. Matematiska läromedel har analyserats utifrån pedagogers uppfattningar och erfarenheter. Syftet har varit att undersöka hur pedagogen förmedlar och arbetar med problemlösningsbaserade frågeställningar i undervisningen, samt hur problemlösning förekommer i läromedel och tillämpas i praktiken. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med åtta verksamma pedagoger på två olika skolor i nordvästra Skåne. Stor hänsyn har tagits till Mölleheds (2001) studie, samt Polyas (1970), teorier kring problemlösning där det pedagogiska stegbaserade systemet har gett stor inverkan på resultatet. Fenomenografi har använts för att kunna analysera pedagogernas svar från intervjuer. Resultatet visar att problemlösningsuppgifter finns i mer än läromedel. Enligt pedagogerna, samt forskningen, är det muntliga problemlösande i klassrummet minst lika viktigt. Dialoger mellan eleverna, i mindre grupper, har visat sig vara mycket givande enligt teorin och pedagogernas intervjusvar. Pedagogernas svar i intervjuerna kring läromedel visar att läsförståelse kan hämma elevernas matematikinlärning. En viktig faktor som visade sig vara värdefull att ta hänsyn till var elevernas tidigare erfarenheter och hur det kunde kopplas till verklighetsbaserad matematik
MUC5B modulation of early oral biofilm glucose metabolism
No full textINTRODUCTION: Salivary mucin MUC5B has been suggested to support eubiosis in early oral biofilms by regulating the attachment of commensals, while downregulating dysbiotic activities related to dental caries development, such as microbial carbohydrate transport and metabolism. METHODS: To investigate how the metabolism of glucose, a potential driver for dental caries, in early mono- and dual-species biofilms of oral Actinomyces naeslundii and Streptococcus gordonii clinical isolates was affected by the presence of the complex salivary mucin MUC5B, this study employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics with the interpretation of network integration. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: MUC5B reduced early attachment in the presence of glucose compared with uncoated surfaces but maintained even species distribution. This suggests that MUC5B may represent an innate mechanism to regulate biofilm eubiosis by supporting early coadhesion while regulating total biomass. All annotated metabolites were intermediates in either carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate conversion, or amino acid metabolism, which was not unexpected in biofilm glucose metabolomes from two saccharolytic species since pyruvate conversion represents a junction point between glycolysis and amino acid metabolic chains. The 10 metabolites present in all early biofilms represent a core metabolome shared by A. naeslundii and S. gordonii. Such core metabolomes can be used to detect deviations in future studies. Significant differences in metabolite abundance elicited by the presence of MUC5B were also detected. In early biofilms where they were each present, pyruvate, ethanol, and metabolite 134 were present in significantly higher abundance in the presence of 25% MUC5B with 20 mM glucose (MUC5B + G) compared with a physiologic buffer with 20 mM glucose (PBS + G), while metabolites 84, 97, and sarcosine were present at significantly lower abundance. Metabolite 72 was unique to biofilms grown in MUC5B + G, and eight unannotated metabolites were unique to biofilms grown in PBS + G. A pathway enrichment analysis of the metabolites that were differently expressed in early A. naeslundii, S. gordonii, and dual-species biofilms grown with 20 mM glucose with or without MUC5B showed that pyruvate metabolism was significantly over-represented. Studying the metabolic interactions between commensal members of oral biofilms and modulatory effects of host factors such as glycoproteins in saliva during the metabolism of substrates that are potential drivers of dysbiosis, such as glucose, is essential to understand the roles of oral microbial ecosystems in oral health and disease