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Läsande förebilder på digitala arenor : gymnasieelever berättar om inspiration till läsning via sociala medier
No full textFlera studier visar hur det finns ett tydligt samband mellan elevers läsintresse och en omgivning där antingen föräldrar, syskon, vänner, lärare m.fl. uppmuntrat och inspirerat till läsning genom att rekommendera böcker, inbjuda till samtal om det lästa samt själva visa ett starkt läsintresse (se bl.a. Strommen & Mates, 2004; McKool & Gespass, 2009). På senare år har även influensers kommit att spela en viktig roll som läsande förebilder. En undersökning från SOM-institutet visar att på ett år har läsningen av tryckta böcker ökat med sex procentenheter samtidigt som 51 % av de tillfrågade i åldersgruppen 16-29 svarar att de läser tryckta böcker varje månad (Tattersall Wallin, Carlsson & Gunnarsson Lorentzen, 2022). Denna ökning kan kopplas samman med att innehåll om böcker ökat markant på sociala medier som TikTok och Youtube (se bl.a Merga 2021; Thomas, 2021). I föreliggande konferensbidrag belyses och problematiseras gymnasieelevers erfarenheter och upplevelser av läsning på nätet utifrån en intervjustudie med 30 gymnasieelever. Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskaper om hur ungdomars läsvanor och läsintresse påverkas av deras aktiviteter på sociala medier. Studien visar hur eleverna motiveras till läsning utifrån flera olika perspektiv och hur både influensers och andra läsare på nätet kan fungera som läsande förebilder som inspirerar också ungdomar som inte tidigare haft något läsintresse till läsning. Detta reser i sin tur frågor både om läsaridentiteter och agens samt rörande relationen mellan fritidsläsning och skolans undervisning om och med skönlitteratur
Practice beyond technology when programming and mathematics teaching converge
No full textThis thesis examines how computer programming and mathematics teaching converge in the presence of a revised mathematics curriculum for upper secondary education. The focus is on the stratified policy strategies deployed by the institutions; how teachers tactically navigated the tensions and contradictions that arose in their everyday teaching; and how these tactics later consolidated in practice. The empirical data for the study consists of two iterations of individual interviews with nine mathematics teachers who were already proficient inprogramming at the onset of the reform. The teachers’ unit plans and other programming activities, were used as starting points for in-depth discussions about their professional practices. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the context, the author also examined relevant policy documents, including the mathematics curriculum, official guidelines, and a collection of programming exercises and demonstrations provided by the Agency for Education. Along with these documents, the official strategies were also informed by the explicit decisions and implicit outcomes surrounding the National Exams. By analyzing teachers’ tactics and policy strategies, the thesis sheds light on the ways in which teachers adapted to the new curriculum and the challenges lenges they faced in integrating programming into their mathematics instruction. This research aims to contribute to a critical understanding of the complex relationship between curriculum reforms, teacher practices, and the integration of programming in mathematics education. When mathematics teachers started integrating computer programming into their subject, two tactical approaches became evident: dual teaching and interspersed programming. The teacher’s proclivity to implement dual teaching practices or interspersed programming are tactics shaped by and in response to the conditions of the new curriculum and their own preferences and views on student learning. These two tactics disclose different ontological commitments in relation to the strategies dictated by the curriculum and reflect a cardinal distinction between planning mathematics activities with elements of programming and planning programming activities with elements of mathematics. Of relevance for teachers and curriculum designers is the understanding of (a)how the notion of programming and mathematics as separate subjects oversimplifies teachers’ actual integration practices, and (b) how the curricular choices made by policy can shape the teaching tactics adopted by educators. Gradually, both the surrounding constraints and the reasons behind them evolved, rising new practices. The second iteration of interviews was designed to unveil the consequences of latter curricular constraints and delve into the teachers’ practices as they change over time. Teachers’ initial resolutions, trials and experiments with programming in mathematics are sometimes reinforced by means of perseverance and the teachers’ mature reflectionson their past experiences. Other tactics need to be refined or updated and yet some are discarded. Along this distinction, relevant categories emerged that illustrate the processes behind consolidated practices in the presence of new technologies. Furthermore, the thesis provides a discussion on how this transition is characterized by acceptance of new practices rather than acceptance of new technologies. Recognizing these aspects can guide educators and curriculum designers towards a better understanding of the complexities and nuances involved in integrating programming into mathematics education. This understanding can inform more effective teaching practices and curriculum development that support meaningful integration and promote students’ learning in mathematics with the help of programming.Denna avhandling undersöker hur programmering och matematikundervisning förenas i närvaro av en reviderad kursplan för matematik på gymnasiet. Fokus ligger på strategier som myndigheterna införde, hur lärare taktiskt navigerade de spänningar och motsägelser som uppstod i deras undervisning, och hur dessa taktiker senare konsoliderades i praktiken. Två taktiska tillvägagångssätt blev tydliga när lärare började integrera programmering i matematik: Dual undervisning och sammanvävd programmering. Lärarens användning av duala undervisningsmetoder eller sammanvävd programmering var olika taktiker som formades av och som respons på villkoren i den nya läroplanen samt deras egna preferenser och syn på studenternas lärande. Dessa två taktiker avslöjar olika ontologiska åtaganden i förhållande till de strategier som representeras i styrdokumenten. Successivt utvecklades de omgivande villkoren och gav upphov till ny undervisningspraxis. En andra omgång av intervjuer avslöjade hur senare reformer och nya insikter förändrade lärarnas praxis över tid. Lärarnas ursprungliga beslut både bekräftas och finslipas med nya erfarenheter och reflektioner. Andra taktiker behöver uppdateras, medan vissa kasseras. Processen mot en etablerad matematikundervisning med programmering ilustreras i relevanta kategorier där det framträder hur förändringen sker via bejakandet av programmering som praxis snarare än teknologi
Factors behind compassion fatigue in nurses : A literature study
No full textBackground: Compassion fatigue is a phenomenon described as emotional exhaustion. Healthcare professionals are a high-risk group susceptible to compassion fatigue. It manifests as the objectification of the patient, with a focus on medical technology, leading to a loss of the caring relationship. Compassion is rooted in abilities such as empathy and sympathy, representing an ideal approach expected of nurses. Quality nursing is built on respect, interpersonal interaction, and effective communication, all falling within the responsibility of nurses to fulfill. Aim: The purpose was to highlight factors leading to compassion fatigue among nurses in hospital-based care. Method: The chosen method was a literature study involving the collection of qualitative research, with a total of 10 scientific articles. Results: The results are presented in three themes: personal factors, care-related factors, and workrelated factors. Seven subthemes were identified: meeting patients' needs, not accepting the uncontrollable, managing demands and attitudes of relatives, internal negative thoughts and feelings, the mutual impact of personal and professional life, the challenging work environment, and insufficient support from colleagues and management. Conclusion: The factors behind compassion fatigue encompass various dimensions of nurses' professional lives but also extend into their personal lives. To counteract compassion fatigue, more knowledge and research on the phenomenon are needed. Denna litteraturstudie har undersökt empatitrötthet hos sjuksköterskor och mer specifikt om vilka de bakomliggande faktorerna var till att sjuksköterskor drabbas av empatitrötthet. Empatitrötthet är ett tillstånd när sjuksköterskor inte längre känner empati och medlidande för sina patienter. Syftet var att belysa faktorer som leder till empatitrötthet hos sjuksköterskor inom sjukhusbaserad omvårdnad. Denna studie har därför genom att läsa den vetenskap som idag existerar om empatitrötthet, kunnat sammanställa olika anledningar till vad som orsakar empatitrötthet. Studiens resultat består av tre teman samt sju subteman. Det första temat var vårdrelaterade faktorer med subteman att möta patienters behov, att inte acceptera det opåverkbara och att hantera anhörigas krav och attityder. Där framkom det bland annat att kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterskor, patienter och deras anhöriga, i vissa fall kunde kännas väldigt krävande. Det kunde leda till att sjuksköterskor började ta avstånd eller började tvivla på sig själva och deras egentliga kunskap. Nästa tema var personliga faktorer med subteman, inre negativa tankar och känslor, samt privatlivet och arbetslivets ömsesidiga påverkan.Framför allt handlade det om att sjuksköterskor i sitt yrke möter mycket lidande och genom deras medlidande kände de också ett eget lidande. Detta gjorde att sjuksköterskor till slut behövde ta avstånd för att klara av att fortsätta arbeta. Många sjuksköterskor vittnade om att det påverkade deras privatliv, de drömde mardrömmar och fick kroppsliga symptom som förhöjt blodtryck. Det tredje temat var arbetsrelaterade faktorer med subteman, det hårda arbetsklimatet, och att stödet brister från kollegor och ledning. Där lyftes arbetsbelastningen och arbetsmiljöns påverkan på sjuksköterskor. Arbetsbelastningen kunde ofta vara mycket hög och det utvecklade en stress hos sjuksköterskorna som mynnade till slut ut i en empatitrötthet.Slutligen kom forskningen fram till att de behövs mer kunskap om empatitrötthet
Ultraljudsprovning av komponenter tillverkade med additiva metoder : Mot förbättrad detektering och klassificering av defekter
No full textThe focus in this work is on the use of ultrasonic testing as a method for inspecting components manufactured through additive manufacturing (AM) processes. The research is rooted in the need for effective non-destructive testingtechniques that can adapt to the unique challenges posed by AM-produced materials, including complex defect geometries and surface conditions. Ultrasonic testing is a versatile form of non-destructive testing, offering theability to detect internal flaws, such as voids, cracks, and inclusions, with highprecision and in real-time. Unlike many competing methods, ultrasonic testing works on most types of materials. Ultrasonic testing has been applied forinspection purposes for a long time. Now with emerging manufacturing methods, there is a need for evaluation techniques to keep up with this development.New data processing algorithms open up possibilities of extracting more information from the acquired signal. The thesis provides a review of UT’s capabilities in detecting and classifyingdefects within AM components, with a particular emphasis on the subtletiesintroduced by the layer-by-layer construction method inherent to AM technologies. The work advances development and validation of simulation modelsaimed at predicting the ultrasonic response from manufactured defects. Thesemodels are crucial for understanding the interaction between ultrasound wavesand material anomalies, offering insights into the potential for enhanced defectdetection strategies. The research also explores the practical case of integrating UT into the quality assurance processes by relying on mathematical simulation rather than experimental data. The findings suggest avenues for the refinement of creation of inspection procedure, including the the use of meta-models to cheaply acquire worst-case scenario defects, to better accommodate the specificities of AM materials.Den här avhandlingen handlar om ultraljudsprovning av additivt tillverkade metalkomponenter. Ultraljud är en av flera metoder som används för att detektera defekter i komponenter utan att förstöra komponenten i processen. Samlingsnamnet för dessa metoder är oförstörande provning. Oförstörande provning är en viktig pusselbit i samhällets säkerhet då det möjliggör identifiering och utvärdering av potentiella defekter i material, vilket förebygger olyckor och strukturella fel. Vidare är det en viktig del inom hållbar utveckling genom att maximera nyttjandet av komponenter då dessa inte behöver ersättas med ett överdrivet försiktigt underhållsintervall. Ultraljudsprovning fungerar genomatt ultraljud introduceras in i en komponent, varefter en givare registrerar ekon som uppstår när ljudvågorna interagerar med eventuella defekter. Detta möjliggör både lokalisering och storleksbedömning av defekter, t.ex. sprickor, bindfel eller porer. Resultaten av den här avhandlingen syftar till att ge förutsättningar för att förbättra tolkningen av dessa signaler, dels genom att experimentellt validera simuleringsmodeller, samt tillämpning av dessa modeller för att utveckla en metamodell för att prediktera amplitudsvaret från en mängd defekter inom en viss parameterrymd. Med verktyg som detta kan billigare inspektionsprocedurer möjliggöras genom att man till större del kan förlita sig på simulering av signaler snarare än att skaffa stort underlag med experimentell data.Paper A, B and C are not included in the eletronic version. Paper C is under submission.</p
Between the substantive questions, that´s where you find the added value : Politicians’ and civil servants’ learning in the work with children’s and young people’s influence
No full textIntroduction How we can increase children’s opportunities to participate and influence society is a highly topical issue. Against the background of a reduced commitment to political participation and a reduced trust in politicians (see e.g. Amnå & Ekman, 2013; Öhrnvall, 2023), it becomes more important to work on promoting dialogues between decision-makers and citizens. These dialogues can contribute to deepening and strengthening democracy (Bornemark, 2017). The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (SFS 2018:1197) describes the child’s right to form and express his or her views and to have these considered. Swedish youth policy describes the goal as "all young people should have good living conditions, the power to shape their lives and have influence over the development of society" (Prop. 2013/14:191). In addition to the statutory requirements for children’s and young people’s opportunities for participation and influence, there are positive individual and societal benefits. The work with children’s and young people’s participation strengthens social capital and reduces social exclusion (Andersson & Sandgren, 2015; Wennerholm, Juslin & Bremberg, 2004). Municipalities must ground their efforts in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is incorporated into Swedish law and stated in political objectives. However, in several municipalities, politicians and civil servants find it difficult to put their knowledge of the Convention into practical work (see e.g. Barnombudsmannen, 2022; Stern & Jörnlund, 2011). Children and young people have been the main focus in previous studies regarding the work with children’s and young people’s influence. These studies have examined children’s and young people’s political interest and commitment (see e.g. Amnå & Ekman, 2013; Amnå, Ekström & Stattin, 2016; Tukkannen, Kankaaranta & Wilska, 2012) and the significance of forums for the future of democracy such as youth councils (Kassman & Vamstad, 2019; 2022). Other studies have shed light on forums for children’s and young people’s opportunities for participation and influence and how children and young people are given the opportunity to develop by participating in these forums (Andersson, 2018a; Harada, 2023; Kassman & Vamstad, 2019). Informal learning focuses mainly on how children and young people learn to cooperate (Harada, 2023), develop their thoughts by listening to others (Kassman & Vamstad, 2019), and develop their democratic skills (Andersson, 2018a; Harada 2023; Kassman & Vamstad, 2019). There are also studies that have emphasized pedagogical perspectives on adults’ attitudes and the consequences for the way they approach children and young people (Andersson, 2015, 2018a, 2018b, 2022). Viewing young people as future citizens rather than current citizens has been described as a risk that limits their opportunities for participation (Taft & Gordon, 2013). While these previous studies have focused to a greater extent on children and young people, they lack in focus regarding adults and their learning (politicians and civil servants), meaning what skills, abilities, and knowledge adults develop (see e.g. Andersson, 2015, 2018a; Harada, 2023; Kassman & Vamstad 2019; Svensson, 2006; Waara et al., 2010). This study focuses on the adults by highlighting the conditions and expressions of politicians’ and civil servants’ learning in their work on increasing children’s and young people’s influence. A large proportion of the decisions concerning children and young people are made at the municipal level. Local civil servants and politicians deal with a wide range of issues relating to schools, social services, leisure, and community planning, a complex task that requires both education and acquired knowledge in these areas. In a changing world with various demands on the organization, knowledge development and learning processes become central to meeting the challenges they face (see e.g. Argote, 2011; Tjulin & Klockmo, 2023; Sunnemark et al., 2023). The point of departure for this study is that politicians and civil servants have both individual and collective experiences as well as knowledge that can be made visible when they work with children’s and young people’s influence. The learning that takes place within organizations thus becomes central to adapting, developing, and managing the changes in the work that politicians and civil servants are faced with (see e.g. Argote & Miron-Spektor, 2011). Aim and research question In this study, the focus is on conditions for and expressions of politicians’ and civil servants’ learning in their work on children’s and young people’s influence. Conditions are understood as what enables and hinders learning, which reflects the premises for what kind of learning is made possible in their work. Central to their work on increasing children’s and young people’s influence is dialogue, which makes it possible to share experiences and knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine the conditions and expressions of politicians’ and civil servants’ learning in their work with children's and young people's influence. The following research questions guided the study: x How do politicians and civil servants describe the experiences they bring with them from their work with children and young people? x What conditions enable and hinder the learning processes of politicians and civil servants in their work with children’s and young people’s influence? Method This study emanates from data produced between October 2020 and June 2022, primarily through observations of meetings in which nine politicians and 16 civil servants participated. The study is designed as a case, where the case is framed by the model that the municipality has designed for their work on children’s and young people’s influence. The study’s empirical data has been collected through observations and dialogue sessions. Through these observations of their work, it became possible to see how their understanding is expressed (see e.g. Lalander, 2015; Kawulich, 2005). In doing so, the observations have been a prerequisite for studying conditions and expressions that emerge while they work and how these can enable or hinder politicians’ and civil servants’ learning. The study’s dialogue sessions were inspired by unstructured focus groups (Wibeck, 2010) and reflexive participant collaboration (Motulsky, 2021). Prior to the dialogue session, participants viewed a stimulus material based on the observations. These meetings allowed politicians and civil servants to develop their thoughts about the work previously observed (see e.g. Motulsky 2021; Wibeck, 2010). The empirical material that forms the basis of the analysis consists of three parts, (1) observation notes, (2) transcripts from dialogue sessions and (3) written documents. In the current study, data triangulation has been used. By collecting data in such a way, it’s possible to see what commonly occurs on different occasions and what becomes visible in situated contexts (Fusch, Fusch & Ness, 2018). It can be described by the way observations relate to different activities between people and groups where the context becomes central. Triangulation has been used in this study to deepen knowledge about how these different factors complement each other in the municipality’s work. All data was analysed through a thematic analysis based on the work of Braun and Clarke (2006). The analysis aimed to identify and investigate patterns in the material in relation to the purpose of the study and resulted in five themes with subthemes. Results The study’s material shows how politicians’ and civil servants’ experience external demands and internal expectations become prerequisites for the shaping of their learning processes. The external and internal contexts create conditions for what knowledge both individuals, groups, and the organization obtain (see e.g. Argote 2013; Argote & Miron-Spector, 2011). The study shows how their work is shaped by external requirements which contain overall goals based on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the national goals for youth policy (SFS 2018:1197; Prop. 2013/14:191). The external context is also shaped by existing norms, such as norms about age, and the way politicians formulate policies that are institutionalized in their work (see e.g. Butler, 1980). Norms regarding children and childhood shape their work including policies and politics. In the external contexts of the work, there is also a contradiction that can be exemplified by nationally prevalent political expressions such as "being the adult in the room" which comes into conflict with the point of view regarding children as competent actors, stated in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (SFS 2018:1197). The different demands formulated by the external context also have an impact on how the local goals and efforts are shaped. This study shows how commitment and motivation are prerequisite for sharing experiences and knowledge at work. Politicians and civil servants participate in various knowledge-raising activities related to work with children’s and young people’s influence and then bring these experiences to their smaller working groups. The discussions that take place at work can be understood as a way of assimilating knowledge, i.e. how they try to make sense of others' experiences and knowledge in their own context (see e.g. Cohen & Levinthal, 1990; Vaghefi, Lapointe & Shahbaznehad, 2018). However, the results reveal challenges in transferring the information to new situations and making use of it. The results show that the new forms of work largely resemble their previous structures. An explanation could be seen in terms of how their experiences affect the knowledge they acquire (see e.g. Argote, 2013; Argote & Miron-Spektor, 2011). An alternative way of understanding this might be that reaching out to a wider range of young people is a complex issue. It also appears from previous studies that organizations can encounter difficulties in dealing with complex problems and that individuals and groups tend to propose solutions that are familiar to them (Fang, Lee & Shilling, 2010). These issues can be difficult to address in the context of previous experience, and this demonstrates the need to develop new knowledge in and for efforts to increase children’s and young people’s influence. The results of the study also indicate that the information and knowledge gained at work is mostly limited to discussions in smaller working groups. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of information and knowledge being discussed between individuals with different backgrounds, which benefits the organization’s ability to utilize it in and for work (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990). Experiences and knowledge are mainly discussed in smaller constellations, limiting the possibility of making these discussions into a common knowledge resource. Discussion and Conclusions The results of the study show that external and internal contexts of work, together with experiences, affect directions that politicians and civil servants see as viable in their work on increasing children’s and young people’s influence. The external context for work includes goal formulations, legal provisions as well as norms that shape conditions for the way politicians and civil servants make sense of their work within a local context. The results also show vague goal formulations in both the external and internal contexts of their work, which contributes to creating implicit goals for work. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of breaking down overall goals, to make the core of the work visible and for individuals and groups to create the circumstances for sharing relevant experiences and knowledge (see e.g. Goswami & Agrawal, 2020). The results of the study highlight the importance of working within the organization to develop a common understanding of goals and the reason for working to increase children’s and young people's influence. The results also indicate that existing norms regarding children and childhood constitute a hinderance to the conditions needed for politicians’ and civil servants’ learning processes. The division between children’s rights and children’s protection contributes to the challenges that politicians and civil servants encounter in their work. The results of the study show that politicians and civil servants need to reflect upon their experiences of children and understanding of childhood and how doing this is a condition for doing their job. This is to bridge a dichotomous way of thinking about children’s rights and children’s protection. These two perspectives do not have to create contradictions but can be united in the efforts to increase children's and young people’s influence. These two perspectives have been highlighted in previous studies which found that they do not have to imply contradictions, but rather that it is necessary to include both concerns in their work (see e.g. Hellman, Hekkilä, Sundhall, 2014; Gustafsson, 2022). The results indicate that there is a need to pay attention to norms about age that appear in the work done by politicians and civil servants. This study contributes to other findings showing it is important to think critically about one’s previous notions regarding age and what these experiences add to new situations at work. Den här studien belyser villkor och uttryck för politikers och tjänstemäns lärande i deras arbete med barns och ungas inflytande. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i hur politiker och tjänstemän beskriver erfarenheter de tar med sig från arbetet med barn och unga och vilka villkor som möjliggör och hindrar deras lärprocesser i arbetet med barns och ungas inflytande. Studien är en fallstudie som ramas in av politikers och tjänstemäns arbete med den modell som de utvecklat för arbetet med barns och ungas inflytande. I studien har nio politiker och 16 tjänstemän deltagit. Materialet har samlats in genom observationer, dialogmöten samt dokument. Observationerna genomfördes vid möten som har en relation till kommunens modell, under tidperioden oktober 2020 – juni 2022. Inför studiens dialogmöten användes tematiseringar från de genomförda observationerna som stimulusmaterial. Avslutningsvis genomfördes dialogmöten i två grupperingar, politiker respektive tjänstemän. Dialogmötena möjliggjorde för politiker och tjänstemän att resonera och reflektera kring det arbete som tidigare observerats. En utgångspunkt i studien är att politiker och tjänstemän har individuella och kollektiva erfarenheter och kunskaper som synliggörs i arbetet med barns och ungas inflytande. Dessa erfarenheter blir, tillsammans med de yttre och inre kontexterna i arbetet, centrala för vilka vägar de ser som framkomliga. De yttre kontexterna innehåller målformuleringar, lagrum och normer som formar villkor för hur politiker respektive tjänstemän begripliggör arbetet inom deras lokala kontext. De vaga målformuleringarna inom de yttre och inre kontexterna bidrar till att det skapas implicita mål för arbetet. Resultatet visar även på att normer kring barn och barndom utgör ett hindrande villkor för politikers och tjänstemäns lärande. Uppdelningen som finns i såväl omgivningen som organisationen mellan barns rätt och barns skydd kan här förstås bidragande till de utmaningar som de möter. Studiens resultat visar ett behov av att rikta uppmärksamhet mot normer kring ålder som framträder i arbetet och vad de erfarenheter som de formar bidrar med till och för arbetet. I studien framträder även hur engagemang och motivation hos politiker och tjänstemän blir förutsättningsskapande för att utveckla arbetet likväl som för att skapa lärandeprocesser. Diskussionerna som sker i arbetet, kan förstås bidra till att politiker respektive tjänstemän delar erfarenheter och kunskaper. För att dessa erfarenheter och kunskaper ska bli till en resurs för arbetet krävs att dessa assimileras, det vill säga omsätts i nya situationer. Studiens resultat visar att de individer som deltar i olika former av kunskapshöjande aktiviteter får en viktig roll i att dela och begripliggöra information och kunskap till övriga inom organisationen. Det framgår även att de erfarenheter och kunskaper som utvecklas framför allt delas i mindre arbetsgrupper. Här framträder ett behov av att utveckla arbetssätt för att ta vara på de erfarenheter och kunskaper som utvecklas, för att dessa framåt kan utgöra en gemensam kunskapsresurs för och i arbetet.
Road Haulier Competition : Implications for Supply Chain Integration
No full textRoad freight competition is playing out in deregulated markets. The EU single market is a market with abundant responses in terms of haulier strategic actions. This chapter situates the crucial role of road haulier strategies in the logistics service supply chain and industrial supply chain to achieve sustainability. Competitive and sustainable transport depends on effective transport services, vehicles and transport infrastructure, and conditions that foster the development of transport and logistics services. By examining how four case firms develop competences and make use of available resources we develop insights into road haulier competition and its implications. The chapter contributes to understanding how road hauliers are part of logistics service chains as well as industrial supply chains and how the many links and relationships increase the magnitude and implications of hauliers’ performances
Nurses' experiences of working with telephone counseling in callcenter and primary care : A literature-based study
No full textBackground: Telephone counseling with a registered nurse at the front has become an integral part of health care both in Sweden and internationally. Telephone nurses' in call centers and primary care handle calls with patients of all ages regarding with both physical and psychological symptoms and for that they need competence with specialist knowledge at an advanced level. In the absence of specialist education to telephone nurse, and still be able to meet the patients` needs, registered nurses' need knowledge of what it is like to work with telephone advice. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe nurses' experiences of working with telephone counseling in call center and primary care. Method: The method chosen for this study was a literature-based study based on the analysis of qualitative research. A total of 12 scientific articles were analyzed. Collected data was analyzed based on Friberg's five-step model (Friberg, 2017). Results: In the analysis three themes emerged with nine subthemes. The themes were; challenges in the telephone conversation, need for support and stress factors in the work environment. Conclusion: Working as a telephone nurse requires advanced skills in verbal communication, cooperation with colleagues, patients and third part, but also skills in working in several computerized systems simultaneously. The results indicate that telephone nurses' values patient safety highly and they take a great responsibility for optimizing the conditions for safe patient assessment. Sometimes an involuntary responsibility that can be seen to negatively affect both telephone nurse, the patient and society. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta med telefonrådgivning inom callcenter och primärvård. Studien baseras på analys av 12 artiklar där kvalitativ metod använts. Analys av artiklarna gjordes enligt Fribergs femstegsmodell. Ur analysen av datamaterialet framträdde tre teman: utmaningar i telefonsamtalet, behov av stöd och stressande faktorer i arbetsmiljön. Resultatet visade att när sjuksköterskorna inte såg patienterna såsom vid ett fysiskt möte, så låg vikten på att lyssna till patientens berättelse och genom den verbala kommunikationen bygga framgångsrik interaktion, samt ställa uppföljande frågor till stöd för bedömningen av patientens behov. Samtal med tredje part försvårade bedömningen och gav en risk för beslut som inte var patientsäkra. Sjuksköterskorna angav att stöd från kollegor och andra professioner var värdefullt. Som stöd i sina beslut arbetade sjuksköterskorna med ett datoriserat beslutstöd vilket upplevdes positivt, men det framkom även att beslutstöden hade en del brister i sin utformning. Sjuksköterskorna angav att den av arbetsgivaren bestämda samtalstiden var en stressfaktor. Svåra samtal, främst de som handlade om psykisk ohälsa tog lång tid och då växte telefonkön, vilket även den gav en känsla av stress att inte hinna med sitt arbete
Elevers hybrida verklighet : källkritiskt förhållningssätt på sociala medier
No full textFöreliggande studie ämnar ligga till grund för ett kommande utvecklingsarbete som syftar till att skapa synergier mellan elevernas komplexa digitala verklighet och samhällskunskapsundervisningen som behandlar källkritiskt förhållningssätt. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur eleverna beskriver sin förmåga att förhålla sig källkritiska kopplat till sociala medier som medieplattform. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och datainsamlingen har utgjorts av individuella intervjuer med åtta elever från två olika skolor. Vi har undersökt vad eleverna anser är viktigt att tänka på när de möter aktuella samhällsfrågor på sociala medier och hur eleverna tänker kring källors trovärdighet på dessa medieplattformar. Studiens resultat visar att eleverna relaterar till deras egen verklighet, som innefattar tidigare erfarenheter och förkunskaper, för att bedöma källors tillförlitlighet. Resultatet visar att en central del i elevernas verklighet tycks vara betydelsen av tid, plats och frekvens. Tid, plats och frekvens verkar fungera som strategier när eleverna möter och bedömer information om aktuella samhällsfrågor på sociala medier. Resultatet visar även att eleverna tenderar att ha en bristande källtillit då samtliga formulerar, på skilda sätt, ett behov av att kompensera för den. Eleverna kompenserar sin bristande källtillit genom att vända sig till personer som de har en relation till. Personerna som eleverna vänder sig till för att verifiera källors trovärdighet varierar mellan att vara vänner, lärare, men i synnerhet föräldrarna. Följaktligen kan vi anta att personerna som kompenserar för elevernas bristande källtillit innehar ett högt förtroendekapital hos eleverna. Sammanfattningsvis indikerar studiens resultat att eleverna har en utpräglad informationskunnighet och en markant låg mediekunnighet
Symptoms at stroke onset as described by patients: a qualitative study
No full textBackground: Stroke is a common and severe disease that requires prompt care. Symptom expressions as one-sidedweakness and speech difficulties are common and included in public stroke campaigns. For some patients stroke canpresent with subtle and less common symptoms, difficult to interpret. The symptom severity assessed by the NationalInstitutes of Health Stroke Scale has decreased, and symptoms at onset may have changed. Therefore, we aimed toinvestigate how patients describe their symptoms at the onset of a first-time stroke. Methods:The study used a qualitative descriptive design and conventional content analysis. Data were collectedthrough recorded interviews with 27 patients aged 18 years and older hospitalised with a first-time stroke betweenOctober 2018 and April 2020. Data were analysed on a manifest level. Results: Symptoms at stroke onset were presented in two themes: Altered Reality and Discomfort and Changed BodyFunctions and described in five categories. Various types of symptoms were found. All symptoms were perceivedas sudden, persistent, and never experienced before and this appear as a “red thread” in the result. Regardless ofsymptom expressions, no specific symptom was described as more severe than another. Conclusions: Stroke symptoms were described with a variety of expressions. Many described complex symptomsnot typical of stroke, which can make it difficult to recognise the symptoms as a stroke and delay medical care. Publicstroke campaigns should emphasize the importance of seeking medical care at the slightest suspicion of stroke andcould be designed to help achieve this.CC-BY 4.0Grants for this study were supported by the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation (Grant 2018 − 0589), the Agneta Prytz-Folke and Gösta Folke Foundation, the Swedish Stroke Association, the Swedish National Board of Health and Medical Care, region Västra Götaland and the Swedish state according to agreement between the Swedish Government and the County Councils Concerning Economic Support of Research and Education of Doctors (Grant ALFGBG-942665).</p
Re-configuring practices in times of energy crisis : A case study of Swedish households
No full textDuring the autumn, winter and early spring of 2022/2023, Europe faced rapidly increasing energy prices and threats of power cuts. The situation was consequently labelled an “energy crisis”, and one sector that was severely affected was households. In response to the situation, European households made efforts to reduce and time-shift their energy use to mitigate the effects of the crisis. Considering that domestic energy practices are often difficult to change, particularly in the long term, we find this effect of the energy crisis on households important to understand more deeply. In this paper, we use social practice theory to investigate how Swedish households responded to the crisis and what changes they made in terms of re-configurations of their practices. The aim was to contribute knowledge on how households adapt to a changing energy system with volatile prices, limitations in electric power, and threats of energy crisis. We conducted two rounds of semi-structured interviews with 9 households in single-family houses in the middle and south of Sweden during and after the crisis, in total 18 interviews, to examine what re-configurations of practices emerged and which persisted over time. The results show that significant changes were apparent in primarily the practice domains of heating and hygiene. While some of these changes were temporary, other re-configurations of energy practices persisted beyond the months of crisis and high prices, indicating that meanings of frugality and sufficiency were strengthened. Our results demonstrate that households were reminded of certain electricity use that is otherwise typically backgrounded in homes and that the energy crisis stimulated re-configuration and re-examination of norms as well as reflection on electricity use in general. Finally, we discuss the effects of the energy crisis on household practices in comparison with other crises and disruptions, and point to the importance of communicating clearly with households about the societal effects of their efforts, in order to manage the legacy of this crisis for similar future crisis situations