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Knowledge management in United Nation : A content analysis of the knowledge management strategies of United Nation Development Programme (UNDP), United Nation Children Fund (UNICEF) och World Food Programme (WFP)
No full textI februari 2024 skickades ett öppet brev till FN (Förenta nationerna) och världens regeringar inför det kommande globala evenemanget "Summit of the Future –Multilateral Solutions for a better tomorrow", som hålls av FN generalförsamling den 22–23 september 2024. I brevet betonas FN kunskapsbas som en immateriell tillgång för FN och som kan användas för att uppnå de hållbara utvecklingsmålen och Agenda 2030. Brevet betonar att FN:s arbetet bör baseras och förankras i olika typer av kunskap (KM4Dev m.fl. 2024). Samtidigt investeras betydande resurser i interventioner ochprogram för att minska fattigdomen (Miković m.fl., 2020). I ljuset av detta syftar uppsatsen till att skapa en ökad förståelse om hur tre olika FN organisationer arbetar strategiskt med kunskap som en organisatorisk resurs och tillgång. Undersökningen baseras på en innehållsanalys av UNDP, UNICEF och WFP styrdokument för kunskapshantering. Dokumentens innehåll analyseras och kodas utifrån begreppen kunskap (Polanyi, 1958) och organisatoriskt lärande (Argyris, 1977; Senge 1990) samt SECI-modellen (socialisering, externalisering, kombinering och internalisering) (Nonaka & Takeuchi 1995). Analysen av empirin visar att strategierna har olika visioner och mål. Begreppen kunskap, kunskapshantering och organisatoriskt lärande diskuteras, definieras och appliceras olika av organisationerna. Vid kodning av dokumentens handlingsplaner visar analysen att organisationerna väljer olikatill vägagångssätt att operationalisera strategierna. Studien drar följande slutsats UNDP, UNICEF och WFP har olika målbild för arbete med kunskapshantering. Det råder även olika förståelse mellan de undersökta FN organisationerna vad praktiskt arbete med kunskapshantering innebär. Organisationerna använder samma termer men fyller dem med olika innehåll. Detta kan skapa oreda i ett interorganisatoriskt samarbetet. Uppsatsens slutsatser kan bidra till policydebatten om kunskapens roll som en strategiskresurs inom FN.In February 2024, an open letter was sent to the United Nations (UN) and world governments ahead of the upcoming global event "Summit of the Future – Multilateral Solutions for a Better Tomorrow," hosted by the UN General Assembly on September22–23, 2024. The letter underscores the UN's knowledge base as an intangible asset crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2030. It emphasizes that the UN's efforts should be founded on and informed by various types of knowledge (KM4Dev et al., 2024). Concurrently, substantial resources are be inginvested in initiatives and programs aimed at poverty reduction (Miković et al., 2020). In this context, the thesis aims to provide a deeper understanding of how three different UN organizations strategically manage knowledge as an organizational resource and asset. The study is based on a content analysis of the knowledge management strategies of UNDP, UNICEF, and WFP. The content of the documents is analyzed and coded based on the concepts of knowledge (Polanyi, 1958) and organizational learning (Argyris, 1977; Senge, 1990), as well as the SECI model (socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization) (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995). The analysis of the empirical data indicates that these strategies have distinct visions and goals. The concepts of knowledge, knowledge management, and organizational learning are discussed, defined, and applied differently across these organizations. When coding the action plans of the documents, the analysis reveals that the organizations adopt diverse approaches to operationalize their strategies. The study concludes that UNDP, UNICEF, and WFP have different objectives for knowledge management, and there is a varying understanding among these UN organizations regarding the practicalities of knowledge management work. Although the organizations use the same terminology, they imbue these terms with different meanings, potentially leading to confusion in interorganizational collaboration. The conclusions of this thesis can contribute to the policy debate on the role of knowledge as a strategic resource within the UN
A sustainable work environment for first-line management in the public sector : A qualitative study
No full textDenna studie har undersökt första linjens chefers arbetsmiljö i offentlig sektor. Den offentliga sektorn i Sverige är arbetsgivare åt nästan 1,4 miljoner människor. Att lägga fokus på första linjens chefer bör ligga i alla organisationers intresse, eftersom första linjens chef har en nyckelroll mellan ledning och medarbetare i offentlig sektor. Trots detta finns det en problematik att första linjens chefer är svåra att behålla och rekrytera. Syftet med studien är att bidra med ytterligare kunskap om vad som skapar en hållbar arbetsmiljö för första linjens chefer i offentlig sektor. Studien är kvalitativ med en tematiskt analysansats. Det har utförts 10 semistrukturerade intervjuer med första linjens chefer i offentlig sektor. Den teoretiska referensramen är uppbyggd på två modeller, JD-R samt job embeddedness. Empirin presenteras utifrån tre huvudteman med tillhörande underteman, 1. arbetsmiljö, 2. krav och resurs, 3. motivation och hållbarhet. Analysen påvisar och lyfter förslag på hur arbetsmiljön kan komma att förbättras för första linjens chefer vilket kan resultera i att det kan bli enklare att rekrytera och behålla första linjens chefer inom offentlig sektor. Slutsatsen belyser de svar som kommer från studiens syfte och frågeställning. Slutsatsen påvisar även ett konkret behov av vidare forskningsområde utifrån att strategier är en viktig faktor i huruvida första linjens chef finner sin arbetsmiljö hållbar eller ej.This study has examined the work environment of first-line managers in the public sector. The public sector in Sweden employs almost 1.4 million people. Focusing on first-line managers therefore ought to be in the interest of all organizations. First-line managers provide a key function in mediating between upper management and coworkers in the public sector. In spite of this, there are problems with both recruiting and retaining first-line managers. The purpose of this study is to contribute with an additional understanding of how to create a sustainable work environment for first-line managers in the public sector. The study is qualitative with a thematic analysis approach. A total of 10 semi-structured interviews with first-line managers in the public sector have been conducted. The theoretical framework rests on two models, JD-R as well as job embeddedness. The empirical data is outlined using three main themes, with additional sub-themes: 1. work environment, 2. requirements and resources, 3. motivation and sustainability. The analysis presents suggestions on how the work environment could be improved for first-line managers, which in turn enables the recruitment and retainment first-line managers in the public sector. The conclusion highlights the answer that arises from the study's aim and the framing of the question. In addition, the conclusion shows of a concrete need of additional research areas delving into strategies as a factor for determining first-line managers' view oft he sustainability of their work environment
The Securitization of Migration in Sweden : A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Sweden’s migration policies through the lens of securitization theory
No full textThis longitudinal comparative thesis studies the securitization of migration in Sweden. It empirically contributes to the existing knowledge by examining official government data, drafted by the Social Democratic led government after the migration crisis in 2015, and Moderate led government after the signature of the so called Tidö-agreement in 2022. The aim is to study and compare how each government motivated, and securitized migration in their policies. To this end, this thesis used securitization theory to examine whether the Tidö-agreement presents a case of continuity and/or discontinuity in comparison to the securitization of migration conducted by the Social Democratic led government. The content of propositions and government declarations was analysed with the help of qualitative content analysis, where both inductive and deductive strategies were separately employed. The findings indicate that the Tidö-agreement is a mixed case of continuity and discontinuity in Sweden’s migration policies
Skydd av industriella distubutionstransformatorer
No full textBorealis is a petrochemical company that produces base chemicals and plastics (polyethene and polypropylene). The production processes are very energy-intensive, and much electric energy is required. Borealis has several hundred distribution transformers worldwide to feed the necessary low-voltage switchgears. So far, no detailed recommendation has been made on how the distribution transformers should be protected, including how the earth should be connected. This means that every time a new distribution transformer is installed, the protection implemented depends on the engineering contractor and the Borealis responsible engineer. This thesis evaluates the different protections required for distribution transformers in an industrial power grid.Focus has been on how the downstream protective earth (PE) and neutral (N) are connected, what type of earth fault and short circuit protections that are recommended, and what kind of overload protection is recommended (overload, thermal image, or temperature measurement). Also, the “normal” vendors' typical protection devices (Buchholz, overpressure, etc.) has been described. A complete overview of the necessary protection has been achieved by describing the types of faults that can occur structurally and the protection required for each type. To decide what kind of earth fault protection that can be installed, the type of earthing system must be known. In the case of redundant feed switchgear, the type of circuit-breaker that is used for low voltage switchgear incomers and bus-tie (sectionizer) also need to be known, to identify where the earthing point can be made and what type of earth fault protection that can be installed. Another essential part of the distribution transformer protection is the selectivity scheme. Heavy process industries like Borealis have large direct online starting motors installed in their low-voltage switchgear and therefore a combined time-graded selectivity with inverse characteristics was deemed the most suitable.Borealis är ett petrokemiskt företag som producerar kemikalier och plast (polyeten och polypropen). Produktionsprocesserna är väldigt energikrävande och mycket elenergi behövs. Borealis har flera hundra distributionstransformatorer över hela världen för att mata dess lågspänningsställverk. För närvarande finns inga detaljerade rekommendationer hur distributionstransformatorerna skall skyddas, samt hur systemjordningen skall anslutas. Detta innebär att för varje distributionstransformator som installeras så beror transformatorernas skydd på underleverantören och på respektive Borealis elingenjör. Den här uppsatsens syfte är att utvärdera de olika skydd som behövs för distributions-transformatorer inom ett industriellt elnät. Fokus har varit på hur nedströms jord- och neutralanslutning är utförda, vilka typer av jordfelsskydds som rekommenderas, kortslutningsskydd, samt vilken typ av överlastskydd som rekommenderas (överlast, termisk modell eller temperaturmätning). I tillägg har de normala skydd som levereras av transformatorleverantörer (Buchholz, övertrycksventil etc.) har också beskrivits.Genom att beskriva de olika feltyperna som kan uppstå på ett strukturerat sätt och vilken typ av skydds som behövs för varje feltyp har en komplett översikt åstadkommits över vilka skydd som behövs.För att avgöra vilket typ av jordfelsskydd som kan installeras, så måste systemjordningens typ vara känd. Där det finns redundant matat nerströms ställverk så måste även hänsyn tas till vilken typ av brytare dessa lågspänningsställverk har installerat i dess inkommande och sektioneringsfack. Detta påverkar var systemjordningens kopplingspunkt kan installeras och vilken typ av jordfelsskydd som kan installeras. Ytterligare en viktig faktor för skydd av distributionstransformatorer är vilken typ av selektivitetsprincip som väljs. Tung processindustri som Borealis har stora direktstartade motorer som matas ifrån dess lågspänningsställverk, vilket innebär att det bedömdes som mest lämpligt att ström och tidskarakteristiken utformas som invertid.
En systematisk litteraturöversikt om hbtq-ungdomars alkohol- och droganvändning i relation till minoritetsstress
No full textBakgrund: Alkohol- och droganvändning i ungdomen kan leda till missbruksproblem senare i livet, påverka neurokognitiva funktioner, leda till sociala problem och ha andra negativa hälsoeffekter. Tidigare forskning visar att hbtq-ungdomar har en högre frekvens av alkohol- och droganvändning än icke-hbtq-ungdomar. Tidigare forskning har till viss del besvarat hur dessa skillnader ser ut, men det finns ett behov av en sammanställning av befintlig kunskap för att kunna dra mer giltiga slutsatser. Forskning har även visat att minoriteter som upplever minoritetsstress kan vända sig till droganvändning som en hanteringsstrategi. I denna litteraturöversikt kartläggs därför även hur tidigare forskning har tillämpat begreppet minoritetsstress för att förklara skillnader i droganvändning hos hbtq-ungdomar. Syfte: Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturöversikt är att sammanställa aktuell forskning som kartlägger hbtq-ungdomars alkohol- och droganvändning mellan olika subgrupper inom hbtq-gruppen och i jämförelse med icke-hbtq-ungdomar, samt kartlägga hur forskningen har använt sig av minoritetsstressteorin för att analysera resultat och vilka samvariabler relaterade till minoritetsstress som visar samband med ungdomarnas alkohol- och droganvändning. Metod: Den använda metoden är en systematisk litteraturöversikt av nio vetenskapligt granskade kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Hbtq-ungdomar har högre risk för alkohol- och droganvändning än icke-hbtq-ungdomar när det kommer till tobak, e-cigaretter, alkohol, heavy episodic drinking (HED), cannabis, metamfetamin, kokain, inhalationsmedel och olaglig användning av receptbelagda mediciner. Bisexuella ungdomar har i flera studier visats ha högre alkohol- och droganvändning än heterosexuella ungdomar, och transungdomar har högre risk för alkohol- och droganvändning än cisungdomar. Med samvariabler som mäter sociala stressorer relaterade till minoritetsstress visas signifikanta samband mellan hbtq-ungdomars upplevda minoritetsstress och deras högre risk för alkohol- och droganvändning. Slutsats: Minoritetsstress är ett relevant teoretiskt ramverk för att mediera skillnader i alkohol- och droganvändning inom hbtq-gruppen samt i relation till icke-hbtq-ungdomar. Vidare forskning behövs med syfte att formulera riktlinjer till implementering av insatser och behandling specifikt för hbtq-ungdomar med riskvanor.Background: Alcohol and drug use during youth can lead to problems with addiction later in life, affect neurocognitive functions, lead to problems in social life, and have other negative health effects. Previous research shows that lgbt youth have a higher frequency of alcohol and drug usage than non-lgbt youth. Research has partly answered what these differences in usage look like, but there is a need for a compilation of existing knowledge in order to be able to present more valid conclusions on the topic. It’s also been shown that minorities that experience minority stress may turn to drug usage as a coping mechanism. This literature review maps out how previous research has used the term minority stress in order to explain disparities in alcohol and drug use of lgbt youth. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to compile existing current research about the alcohol and drug use of lgbt youth, within lgbt subgroups and in relation to non-lgbt youth. The aim is further to map out how research has applied the term minority stress to analyse disparities and which variables related to minority stressors show a correlation to lgbt-youths use of alcohol and drugs. Method: The used method is a systematic literature review of nine peer reviewed, quantitative articles. Results: Lgbt youth have a higher risk for alcohol and drug use than non-lgbt youth, specifically regarding tobacco, e-cigarettes, alcohol, heavy episodic drinking (HED), cannabis, metamphetamines, cocaine, inhalants and illegal use of prescription medication. Bisexual youth have in several studies been shown to have a higher alcohol and drug use than heterosexual youth and homosexual youth, and trans youth have a higher risk than cis youth. With variables that measure social stressors related to minority stressors, it is clear that there are correlations between lgbt youth experiencing minority stress and their risk of alcohol and drug use. Conclusions: Minority stress is a relevant theoretical framework to mediate differences in alcohol and drug use within the lgbt group and in relation to non-lgbt youth. Further research is needed with the aim of forming guidelines for implementing treatment specifically for lgbt youth with risk behaviors
Virtual Confidence from Virtual Commissioning : Building Digital Twins to assist Virtual Commissioning
No full textDigital twin technology is increasingly vital across various industries, offering a sophisticated virtual representation of physical assets. These models integrate real-time data to reflect their real-world counterparts as accurately as possible, facilitating operational optimizations, enhancing decision-making, and boosting productivity, particularly in manufacturing, digital twins improve efficiency, anticipate maintenance needs, and optimize resource use, thereby reducing costs and enhancing the automation sector. Virtual commissioning is gaining prominence as a complementary methodology that can be amalgamated to exiting manufacturing and automation methodology. By simulating production processes virtually, it allows for extensive testing, analysis, and optimization without the need for physical prototypes. This approach not only identifies and resolves bottlenecks but also optimizes resource deployment and improves overall production efficiency The early detection and resolution of issues minimize downtime and deployment risks, significantly reducing costs and accelerating market readiness. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the critical role of digital twins and virtual commissioning in enhancing real-time data integration and interoperability. The study demonstrates how these technologies can streamline the implementation process and provides strategic recommendations to improve virtual commissioning practices across various industries. It also identifies future research areas to further refine and expand the application of digital twins and virtual commissioning in manufacturing. Consequently, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how virtual commissioning, supported by digital twins, can optimize and improve traditional commissioning processes. Moreover, it assists GKN in leveraging these advanced practices in their procurement of new automated cells, maximizing the associated benefits
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Equipment Integration in Production : A Feasibility Study of Robotic Solutions
No full textThis thesis project, titled "Tungsten Inert Gas Equipment Integration in Production," investigates the feasibility of implementing robotic solutions for TIG welding to advance industrial automation at Siemens Energy in Trollhättan through a framework composed of a structured approach that includes a detailed needs assessment, a thorough technology evaluation, and a practical validation through simulation to design and implement robotic TIG welding cells specifically tailored for large components. Driven by a need to balance productivity and precision in welding processes, particularly for complex geometries, the study aims to provide practical insights for the internal implementation of TIG robotic welding. The research included engaging with Siemens Energy workers to optimize hardware placement for better accessibility and workflow efficiency, and simulations in RobotStudio offered a practical visualization of the proposed robotic welding cell. Key hardware components were meticulously identified, optimal layouts designed, androbotic welding scenarios simulated. The findings reveal significant advantages of robotic integration in TIG welding operations. Automating the welding of the inner liner proved to be a very promising idea, offering enhanced efficiency and precision. However, the automation of welding for more complex components, such as the outer cooler, presented greater challenges due to their intricate geometries and accessibility issues. This work offers valuable recommendations for improving manufacturing processes within Siemens Energy and across various industries. It addresses the challenges and opportunities in robotic welding automation, presenting a solid foundation for future applications and developments in industrial automation. The thesis contributes valuable knowledge to guide industrial applications towards improved operational performance and sustainable growth
Detecting cracks in Waspaloy® during W-DED/LB process using Acoustic Emission sensors and Machine Learning
No full textAdditive Manufacturing (AM) is a revolutionary innovation that has transformed the manufacturing industry and has applications in a wide variety of fields. The aerospace industry uses metal AM because of the design freedom it offers and its ability to produce lightweight parts. However, like any other manufacturing technique, AM is also susceptible to faults and defects. Ensuring the quality of the manufactured component is extremely important in the aerospace industry because of its conservative nature. This thesis presents a system that can identify anomalies in the Wire Feed Directed Energy Deposition/Laser Beam (W-DED/LB) process using acoustic emission (AE) sensors and machine learning (ML). The experiment was done by melting a Waspaloy® wire during the W-DED/LB process onto an Inconel® 718 substrate. Four acoustic emission sensors and a free-field microphone were used to monitor the experiment. Since nickel-based superalloys are prone to cracking during the AM process, the AE sensors are capable of detecting the elastic waves produced by these cracks within the ultrasonic frequency range. Vallen AE Suite, a companion software for data ac-quisition and analysis provided by the AE sensor manufacturer, and LabVIEW software were used to record data from the AE sensor and microphone, respectively. Two unsupervised clustering algorithms were used to analyse the AE data: 1) HDBSCAN clustering; and 2) Agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Agglomerative clustering was effective in identifying the anomalies, whereas HDBSCAN did not perform well on the dataset. The results were evaluated using the transient waveforms of the points identified as anomalies and through X-Ray and X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) inspection. Anomalies were detected during both X-Ray and CT inspections. The proposed system, which uses AE sensors and machine learning, shows promise for monitoring the W-DED/LB process of Waspaloy®
Descriptive analysis of diseases, non-battle injuries and climate among deployed Swedish military personnel
No full textIntroduction Historically, diseases and non-battle injuries (DNBI) typically stand for 70%‒95% of all medical events during military missions. There is, however, no comprehensive compilation of medical statistics for Swedish soldiers during deployment. Method During United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, climate data and medical outpatient health surveillance data were compiled for Swedish soldiers deployed to Timbuctoo, between 2015 and 2019. Correlations between climate data and medical outpatient health surveillance data were analysed. Results Battle injuries accounted for 0.4% of the visits to healthcare, while diseases accounted for 53.6%, and non-battle injuries for 46%, the majority being musculoskeletal injuries. The combination of high temperature, humidity, sun radiation and good visibility, during summer rotation weeks, caused more events of injuries and heat stress than any other period. Conclusion Musculoskeletal injuries were the major cause for visits to the Swedish camp hospital. Injuries and heat stress increased during periods of high temperature, humidity, sun radiation and good visibility. Lack of medical data, i.e. unknown number of unique patients seeking healthcare, cause codes not always connected to a primary diagnosis, and revisits not being connected to a diagnose, complicated interpretation of health risk factors.CC BY 4.0</p
Pre-operative gluteus medius tendon degeneration and its impact on strength and functional ability one year after total hip replacement
No full textObjective: Hip osteoarthritis is a common cause of disability and surgery is often unavoidable. Patient satisfaction is high and functional ability improves after surgery. However, residual impairment and pain are common. Degenerative changes in tendons and muscles are probable causes. The aim of this study is to investigate gluteus medius (GMED) tendon degeneration in relation to muscle strength, physical function and walking distance before and one year after total hip replacement. Material and methods: In total, 18 patients were examined pre- and post-operatively, of whom 15 were available in the final analysis. Muscle strength, physical function and walking distance were assessed. Tendon biopsies were assessed microscopically, and the total degeneration score (TDS) was calculated. Results: A correlation between the TDS and muscle strength was found for the hamstrings, GMED and quadriceps pre- or post-operatively. No correlations were found between the TDS and functional ability. Functional ability and muscle strength improved significantly after surgery. Conclusion: Our results indicate a correlation between tendon degeneration and the muscle strength of the hip and knee in patients with hip OA and one year after THR. To minimise post-operative residual discomfort, rehabilitation programs should probably be modified over time to match the pre- and post-operative needs. Further studies are needed.CC-BY 4.0</p