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Implementation Patterns and Perceived Value of the SEXIT Method in School Health Care
No full textAim: To explore implementation patterns and perceived value of the SEXIT (SEXual health Identification Tool) method in the school health care (SHC) setting in Sweden. Design: Mixed method survey using an online questionnaire with closed and free-text response options. Methods: 115 SHC professionals who had completed SEXIT training responded to an online questionnaire (response rate26%), between March and May 2024. Closed questions were answered on a five-point Likert scale, and responses trichotomised.Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, qualitative data with a deductive qualitative content analysis. CROSSguideline was used. Results: 70 of 115 SHC professionals used SEXIT in their work. Findings suggest that SEXIT is appropriate and useful, supporting communication about topics such as sexual health and violence that both pupils and professionals may avoid addressing.Implementation patterns showed that 61% of those who had completed training also used SEXIT. 63% of those used SEXIT during regular health dialogues, but some did not use it with all pupils. The perceived value was that most SHC professionals felt that SEXIT helped them get a better understanding of the pupil's situation, an objection that it was too time-consuming. Conclusion: Most SHC professionals who had completed SEXIT training used the method regularly and perceived the methodas valuable and facilitating discussions about sexual ill health and experiences of violence with pupils. There are indications thatSHC services fail to identify particularly at-risk young people. Sexual health inequity persists, as some structurally marginalised and vulnerable youths are excluded from the SEXIT dialogues. A follow-up study will focus on pupils' experiences. Relevance: This study validates SEXIT in a new setting, SHC, and is relevant for the promotion of sexual and reproductive health for all, and for preventing violence and sexual ill health among young people.CC BYFunding: This work was supported by Swedish Gender Equality Agency, 2,700,000 SEK.</p
Nurses' experiences in meeting patients with mental illness
No full textBakgrund: Psykisk hälsa och psykisk ohälsa var komplexa och nära sammanlänkade begrepp som hade stor inverkan på individens livskvalitet och välbefinnande. Trots att vård fanns tillgänglig saknades många människor möjlighet till god psykiatrisk vård. Detta tydliggjorde behovet av ett helhetsinriktat och sektorsövergripande arbete för att minska det globala behandlingsgapet och främja en mer jämlik hälsa. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenheter i mötet med patienter med psykisk ohälsa. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt genomfördes för att ge en omfattande översikt av befintlig forskning inom ämnet. Översikten inkluderade kvalitativa studier som undersökte sjuksköterskors erfarenheter inom hemsjukvården. Resultat: Fyra övergripande teman identifierades i resultatet: emotionella utmaningar, organisatoriskt ansvar, ökad kompetens och personcentrerad vård, vilka tillsammans omfattade åtta tillhörande underteman. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor mötte emotionella utmaningar, såsom stress, rädsla och frustration, när de vårdade patienter med psykisk ohälsa. Betydelsen av att bygga förtroendefulla relationer och hemmiljöns påverkan på vården framhölls. Sjuksköterskor betonade också behovet av bättre samarbete mellan vårdgivare, utbildning och kontinuerlig professionell utveckling för att hantera komplexa vårdsituationer effektivt. Slutsats: Studien underströk sjuksköterskors centrala roll i att hantera och samordna vård för patienter med psykisk ohälsa. De påtalade behovet av förbättrad intraprofessionell och interprofessionell samverkan, ökad utbildning inom psykisk hälsa och strategier för att stödja sjuksköterskor i deras emotionellt krävande roller.Background: Mental health and mental illness were complex and closely interrelated concepts that had a significant impact on individuals' quality of life and overall well-being. Despite the availability of healthcare services, many people lacked access to adequate psychiatric care. This underscored the need for comprehensive, cross-sectoral efforts to reduce the global treatment gap and promote health equity. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of nurses in encountering patients with mental illness. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of existing research on the topic. The review included qualitative studies that examined nurses' experiences in home healthcare settings. Results: Four overarching themes were identified in the findings: emotional challenges, organizational responsibility, increased competence and person-centered care, which were supported by eight associated subthemes. The findings revealed that nurses faced emotional challenges, such as stress, fear and frustration, when caring with patients with mental illness. The importance of building trustful relationships and the impact of the home environment on patient care were emphasized. Nurses also highlighted the need for better collaboration among healthcare providers and the necessity for continuous professional development to manage complex care situations effectively. Conclusion: The study underscored the critical role of nurses in managing and coordinating care for patients with mental illness. It emphasized the need for improved interprofessional collaboration, enhanced training in mental health care, and strategies to support nurses in their emotionally demanding roles
Parent–adolescent discrepancies in perceptions of parental warmth : Cross‐cultural differences and longitudinal associations with internalizing symptoms
No full textResearch suggests that adolescents often perceive parental behaviors—such as expressions of warmth and affection—differently than their parents do. These parent–adolescent discrepancies offer meaningful insight into family functioning during adolescence and adolescent mental health, though existing findings remain mixed. Grounded in interpersonal acceptance–rejection theory (IPARTheory), this study investigates longitudinal, bidirectional associations between parent–adolescent discrepancies in perceived parental warmth and adolescent internalizing symptoms. The sample included 1219 parent–adolescent dyads (both mothers and fathers) from 12 cultural groups across 9countries, followed across three time points spanning 5 years, with children's mean age being 10.72 years (SD = 0.67) at Wave 1, 13.19 years (SD = 0.90) at Wave 2, and 15.60 years (SD = 0.94) at Wave 3. The results of latent congruence models showed that mothers reported higher warmth than adolescents, whereas no significant discrepancies emerged between fathers and adolescents. The cross-sectional analyses indicated that a higher parent–adolescent discrepancy in parental warmth perceptions was linked to increased internalizing symptoms in adolescents and lower overall warmth perceived by parents and adolescents in the dyad. However, over the long term, marginal effects were observed only between greater internalizing symptoms in adolescents and lower overall warmth experienced, and vice versa. Additionally, some cross-cultural differences in the discrepancies between parents and adolescents were identified. These findings highlight the importance of congruence between parents' and adolescents' perceptions of parental warmth, which may play a critical role in reducing adolescent internalizing symptoms, at least in the short term. Future research should deepen these dynamics across different cultures and developmental stages to improve intervention strategies and strengthen family-based mental health support.CC-BY 4.0This research has been funded by the Eunice Kennedy ShriverNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development(Grant no. R01-HD054805) and the Fogarty InternationalCenter (Grant no. R03-TW008141). This research was alsosupported by the H2020 European Research Council (ERC)(Grant no. 695300-HKADeC-ERC-2015-AdG)</p
Teachers' Negotiations of Trust When Integrating Generative AI into a Teaching Practice
No full textThis study investigates teachers’ reasoning around implementing generative AI (GenAI) in education. It aims to increase under-standing of the importance of collective negotiation of trust that arises when teachers collectively explore generative AI as a pedagogical tool forteaching and learning. Data collected through a longitudinal focus group study comprising four workshops and two SWOT analyses conducted over nine months were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Trust was used as a theoretical lens to interpret the results.The results indicate that teachers negotiate trust in generativeAI at three levels. At the instrumental level,negotiations concern the usabilityof the tool in terms of quality and efficiency, the reliability of different tools, and regulatory limitations on their use. At the pedagogicallevel, negotiations emerge overtrust in human–AI communication and interaction, focusing on linguistic precision and the importance ofhuman presence in learning, alongside discussions about future teacher proficiency. At the systemic level, negotiations about trust occurin relation to beliefs about a future educational context and the teacher’s role within it, where reasoning about the socializing function ofeducation becomes evident. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous professional dialogue and critical reflection to build col-lective trust in generative AI as an educational tool and ensure a responsible integration into the teaching practice. The research highlightsthe need for balanced, well-founded approaches to this integration, involving negotiations of trust across multiple levels and perspectivesCC-BY 4.0This work was sponsored in 2024 by the University Westfund for practice-based research in collaboration with education providers (Education, Learning and Research): “Teachers’Understanding of Artificial Intelligence in their Teaching Practice”.</p
Foundational Elements of Writing : A Student Text Analysis on Prefield in Upper-Secondary School
No full textBakgrund: Föreliggande studie tar avstamp i Utbildningsradions dokumentärfilm Skrivglappet (2020), vilken synliggör ett avstånd mellan unga vuxnas skrivfärdigheter och den skrivkompetens som civilsamhället efterfrågar. Tidigare forskning visar att det satsinitiala ledet i en skriven text är avgörande för hur satser hänger samman och skapar mening (Myhill, 2009, s. 273: Bohnacker och Lindgren, 2014, s. 25). Forskningen om elevskrivande koncentreras emellertid till texter skrivna inom ramen för det nationella provet. Ifrågavarande studie ämnar i stället ge en nulägesanalys av elevtexter skrivna utanför en provsituation, och hur de i sin tur svarar mot samhällets skriftspråksnormer. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att analysera fundamentsuppbyggnad i argumenterande elevtexter och hur de mönster som framträder i sin tur kan kopplas till svenskans skriftspråksnormer. Metod: I enighet med syftet utgörs studiens metod av en kvantitativ grammatisk analys av 40 slumpmässigt utvalda elevtexter, skrivna av 40 elever, från fyra olika gymnasieprogram. Texternas satser fylls i och systematiseras enligt olika kategorier i ett Exceldokument. Det utförs även en komparativ textanalys genom en närläsning av samtliga elevtexter, med en intention om att utforska mönster inom, och mellan, olika programinriktningar. Den textnära analysen är i sin tur kvalitativ. Resultat: Resultatet visar att skillnaden mellan de olika elevgrupperna inte är påfallande. Den satsdel som brukas mest frekvent av samtliga elevgrupper är subjekt. Det Industritekniska programmet sticker ut något från övriga grupper med den högsta andelen subjekt i fundamentsposition, medan Naturprogrammet har producerat den lägsta andelen subjektsinitiala fundament. Den näst mest använda satsdelen i fundamentsposition är adverbial och objekt utgör den minst frekvent förekommande satsdelen. En relativt god satsdelsvariation kan urskiljas hos samtliga grupper, men Naturprogrammet och Vård–och omsorgsprogrammet utmärker sig. Beträffande fundamentsform är nominalfras den vanligast förekommande i materialet. Naturprogrammet svarar för den högsta andelen pronominella subjektsfundament, medan Industritekniska programmet är den grupp vars texter innehar den högsta andelen lexikala subjektsinitiala led. Avseende fundamentslängd kan vi utläsa att texterna från Vård–och omsorgsprogrammet har den högsta andelen flerordsfundament. Ekonomiprogrammet har i sin tur producerat den högsta andelen ettordsfundament. Därtill kan vi, utifrån en närläsning av materialet, konstatera att det talade språket utgör en stark influens för samtliga elevers textproduktion, vilket kan härledas till Basil Bernsteins (2000, s. 155–157) horisontella diskurs. Somliga elever, oavsett programtillhörighet, har dock producerat en text som angränsar till Bernsteins (2000) vertikala diskurs. Gemensamt för dessa texter är att det finns en hög satsdelsvariation i fundamentsposition. Vår konklusion är att det initiala ledet i en sats är en viktig komponent för helhetsintrycket av en skriven text
School as an integration arena for the well-being and health of asylum-seeking children : A research review
No full textBakgrund: Den stora flyktingströmmen 2015 bidrog till att många asylsökande barn, med olika skolerfarenheter och förutsättningar, började i den svenska skolan. Forskning har bedrivits om asylsökande barns akademiska och sociala integration, men också om deras välmående och hälsa, och synliggjort den ohälsa som framträder hos asylsökande barn. Få studier har däremot tagit välmående och hälsa som utgångspunkt för att studera asylsökande barns integration i ett akademiskt sammanhang. Syfte och frågeställning: Syftet med denna forskningsöversikt är att belysa det ömsesidiga sambandet mellan asylsökande barns integration i skolan och deras välmående och hälsa. Översikten syftar till att synliggöra hur en god hälsa och välmående kan underlätta skolintegrationen, samtidigt som en lyckad integration i skolmiljön kan främja barns hälsa och välbefinnande. Vilka möjligheter och hinder framträder i integreringen av asylsökande barn i skolan, med särskilt fokus på hur välmående och hälsa både påverkar och påverkas av denna integrationsprocess? Teori: Vi har använt oss av Bronfenbrenners ekologiska systemteori, men vidareutvecklad av andra forskare där modellen är anpassad till vårt forskningsfält avseende asylsökande barn, integration och hälsa och välmående i skolan. Metod: En forskningsöversikt där resultatet baseras på kvalitativa studier hämtade från databaserna SwePub och Eric (EbscoHost). Dessutom användes en studie genom manuell sökning genom att granska referenslistan hos berörda artiklar. Resultat: I denna studie betraktas asylsökande barns hälsa och välmående som mikrosystemet med utgångspunkt från Bronfenbrenners ekologiska modell. Hur barnets välmående och hälsa ser ut vid en viss tidpunkt påverkar således barnet i det nya landet. Skolan ses som en viktig faktor för barnets mikrosystem. På mesonivå är stödjande skolpersonal och relationer med jämnåriga kamrater något som främjar trygghet, motivation och tillhörighet. Lärarnas bemötande är avgörande där stöttning främjar integration, medan brist på stöd skapar negativa skolupplevelser. Föräldrar spelar en skyddande roll, men bristande anknytning kan leda till isolering och kognitiva svårigheter hos barnet. På exonivå visas att samarbete mellan skola och föräldrar stärker barnets skolresultat, men språkbarriärer och bristande kunskap om skolsystemet utgör hinder. Utifrån ett makroperspektiv påverkar skolans organisering barnets välmående där placering i ordinarie klass främjar hälsa och lärande. Ett interkulturellt klassrum och kompetenta lärare ökar integrationen, medan brister i lärarkompetens och förutfattade meningar hämmar utvecklingen. Studien betonar vikten av samverkan på alla nivåer för att främja asylsökande barns hälsa och välmående, där direktplacering i ordinarie klassrum lyfts fram som gynnsamt för utvecklingen.Background: The large number of migrants arriving in Sweden in 2015 resulted that many asylum-seeking children, with different educational backgrounds and circumstances, entered the Swedish schools. Research has been conducted on the academic and social integration of asylum-seeking children, as well as on their well-being and health, highlighting the mental health challenges that emerge among these children. However, few studies have taken well-being and health as a starting point for examining the integration of asylum-seeking children in an academic context. Aim and Reseach Question: The aim of this research review is to examine the mutual relationship between asylum-seeking children's integration into school and their well-being and health. The review aims to highlight how good health and well-being can facilitate school integration, while successful integration in school environments can promote children's health and well-being. What opportunities and barriers emerge in the integration of asylum-seeking children into school, with a particular focus on how wellbeing and health both impact and are impacted by this integration process? Theory: We have used Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, further developed by other researchers, where the model is adapted to our research field regarding asylum-seeking children, integration and health and well-being in school. Method: A research review based on qualitative studies from the SwePub and Eric (EbscoHost) databases. In addition, one study was manually selected by analyzing the list of references of relevant articles. Result: In this study, the health and well-being of asylum-seeking children are considered as part of the microsystem within Bronfenbrenner’s ecological model. The child’s well-being at a given point in time affects their experience in the new country. School is seen as a key component of the child’s microsystem. At the meso level, supportive school staff and peer relationships promote a sense of safety, motivation and belonging. Teachers' attitudes are crucial: supporting the children promotes integration, while lack of support results in negative school experiences. Parents play a protective role, but limited relationships can lead to social isolation and cognitive difficulties. At the exo-level, collaboration between school and parents is shown to strengthen children's school performance, but parent’s language barriers and lack of knowledge about the school system are identified as barriers. At the macrosystem level, the school’s organization affects the child’s well-being—placement in regular classes, rather than preparatory supports both health and learning. An intercultural classroom and competent teachers strengthen integration, while lack of teacher’s competence and preconceptions hinder development. The study highlights the importance of collaboration at all levels to support asylum-seeking children’s health and well-being where direct placement in regular classrooms is identified as beneficial for development
The digital lifestyles of children and adolescents : A challenge for the school nurse's health-promoting work
No full textBackground: Digital development has both positive and negative effects on society and its inhabitants. The school nurse should work for a healthy balance in students' digital lifestyles. The theoretical framework is the concept of KASAM, a sense of coherence. Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight factors that influence the digital lifestyles of school children and adolescents. Method: The study is an integrative literature study according to Whittemore and Knafl (2005) containing twelve articles. Results: The results were able to highlight several factors that influence the digital lifestyles of children and adolescents. Some of the factors are family and friendship relationships, the amount of media time, the young person's gender, age and self-control. Conclusion: What the results showed confirms that the school nurse has an important role that meets the children and adolescents throughout their schooling. The school nurse has a responsibility to be able to support and help children and young people who are at risk or have already developed problematic digital habits. By strengthening children and young people's self-control and KASAM, a balance can be established between screen time and other activities.Bakgrund: Den digitala utvecklingen har både positiv och negativ effekt på samhället och dess invånare. Skolsköterskan ska arbeta för en hälsosam balans i elevers digitala levnadsvanor. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt används begreppet KASAM, känsla av sammanhang. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa faktorer som påverkar skolbarns och ungdomars digitala levnadsvanor. Metod: Studien är en integrativ litteraturstudie enligt Whittemore och Knafl (2005) innehållande tolv artiklar. Resultat: Resultat kunde belysa flera faktorer som påverkar barns och ungdomars digitala levnadsvanor. Några av faktorerna är familj- och vänskapsrelationer, mängden mediatid, den unges kön, ålder och självkontroll. Slutsats: Det som resultatet påvisade bekräftar att skolsköterskan har en viktig roll som träffar barnen och ungdomarna under hela deras skolgång. Skolsköterskan har ett ansvar att kunna stötta och hjälpa de barn och ungdomar som ligger i riskzonen eller redan har utvecklat problematiska digitala vanor. Genom att stärka barns och ungdomars självkontroll och KASAM kan en balans upprättas mellan skärmtid och andra aktiviteter
Kan sjukfrånvaro förutsäga arbetsrelaterad stress? : En kvantitativ studie som undersöker yrkesverksamma i åldern 20–35 år
No full textTidigare forskning har visat att arbetsrelaterad stress kan ha ett samband med sjukfrånvaro. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan arbetsrelaterad stress och antalet sjukdagar bland yrkesverksamma i åldern 20–35 år, samt om sjukfrånvaro kan predicera upplevd arbetsrelaterad stress. Studien genomfördes som en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie där 95 deltagare svarade på en enkät online. Mätinstrumentet som användes var Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ) där deltagarna rekryterades via bekvämlighets- och snöbollsurval genom sociala medier. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av både korrelations- och multipel regressionsanalys i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultatet visade att ett högre antal sjukdagar var kopplat till högre nivåer av arbetsrelaterad stress. Sambandet kvarstod även efter kontroll för anställningsform. Resultatet kan bidra till ökad förståelse för relationen mellan sjukfrånvaro och upplevd arbetsrelaterad stress bland unga yrkesverksamma, samt ge stöd för framtida forskning inom området.Previous research has shown that work-related stress may be associated with sickness absence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between work-related stress and the number of sick days among employed individuals aged 20–35, and whether sickness absence can predict perceived work-related stress. The study was conducted as a quantitative cross-sectional study with 95 participants who responded to an online questionnaire. The measurement instrument used was the Work Stress Questionnaire (WSQ), and participants were recruited through convenience- and snowball sampling via social media. The analysis was carried out using both correlation- and multiple regression analysis in the statistical software SPSS. The results showed that a higher number of sick days was associated with higher levels of work-related stress. The relationship remained even after controlling for type of employment. The results may contribute to an increased understanding of the relationship between sickness absence and perceived work-related stress among young professionals and provide support for further research in the field
“I can’t find the filter – but the site looks good”
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine how the design of clothing retail websites—both from aesthetic and functional perspectives—affects the user experience. The study compares the websites of Zara and H&M to identify which design elements facilitate or hinder users in their interaction with the sites. To answer the research question, qualitative methods were used, including Think-Aloud method, observations, and semi-structured interviews. Participants completed tasks on both websites while verbalizing their thoughts. Their behaviour was observed, and their experiences were further explored through follow-up interviews. The results show that H&M's website was perceived as more user-friendly, with a clear structure, simple navigation, and functions that were easy to find and use. Although H&M's design was seen as less modern, the site was considered functional and practical. Zara’s website was perceived as visually appealing and conveyed a sense of luxury, but several participants had difficulty locating key features such as filters and return information. However, Zara’s image and video presentations were appreciated by many. The conclusion is that successful web design should combine aesthetic appeal with clear functionality. A website that focuses solely on appearance, but lacks usability, risks creating frustration for users. To ensure a positive user experience, clothing companies should strive for a balance between a visually engaging design and a logical, easy-to-navigate structure
From Analog Habits to Digital Demands
No full textThe digitalization of society has created new opportunities, but also risks of digital exclusion, particularly among older adults. This study aims to explore the barriers, emotions, and perceptions that influence older people's use of digital technology, as well as the types of support they consider important. The study was conducted through qualitative, semi-structured interviews with five older individuals living in the municipality of Västervik, Sweden. The results show that psychological factors such as fear, uncertainty, low self-confidence, and the feeling of being too old reduce motivation to learn and use digital tools. However, motivation can be enhanced through social support from family and friends, practical and relevant education, and a sense of everyday usefulness. A lack of social networks or insufficient support from society emerged as significant barriers. The conclusion is that older adults' digital inclusion is shaped by an interplay of barriers, emotional factors, and support needs, and that sustainable inclusion requires individually tailored, social, and educational support that strengthens competence, motivation, and a sense of belonging.Samhällets digitalisering har skapat nya möjligheter, men också risker för digitalt utanförskap, särskilt bland äldre individer. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka hinder, känslor och uppfattningar som påverkar äldres användning av digital teknik samt vilket stöd de själva upplever som viktigt. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem äldre individer i Västerviks kommun. Resultatet visar att psykologiska faktorer såsom rädsla, osäkerhet, låg självtillit och känslan av att vara för gammal minskar motivationen att lära sig och använda digital teknik. Samtidigt framkommer det att motivationen kan stärkas genom socialt stöd från närstående, praktiskt relevant utbildning och känslan av vardaglig nytta. Brist på socialt nätverk eller avsaknad av samhällets stöd visar sig vara betydande hinder. Slutsatsen är att äldres digitala delaktighet påverkas av ett samspel mellan hinder, känslor och stödbehov, och att en hållbar inkludering kräver individuellt anpassat, socialt och pedagogiskt stöd som stärker både kompetens, motivation och känslan av tillhörighet