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Are climate effects a natural part of the assessment of suitability?
No full textKlimatförändringar utgör en betydande påverkan av den bebyggda miljön och infrastruktur, och innebär ett behov av att fler aktörer inom samhällsbyggnadssektorn tar ansvar för att förebygga klimatrelaterade risker. Förordning (2018:1428) om myndigheters klimatanpassningsarbete behandlar myndigheters tillvägagångssätt gällande klimatanpassning. Lantmäteriet är en myndighet som benämns och bär tillsammans med andra myndigheter ansvaret att integrera klimatanpassning i sin verksamhet. Till följd av förordningen har en handlingsplan för klimatanpassning tagits fram av Lantmäteriet, där ett delmål utgör klimateffekter bör vara en naturlig del av lämplighetsprövningen vid fastighetsbildning. Studiens utgångspunkt är således att studera om klimateffekters påverkan är en naturlig del av lämplighetsprövningen. Inom ramen för studien behandlas frågan om möjligheten finns inom gällande rätt att beakta klimateffekter med utgångspunkt i fastighetsbildningslagen (SFS 1970:988). Frågeställningarna har besvarats med avstamp i en rättsdogmatisk metod för att undersöka gällande rätt. Därutöver har en rättssociologisk metod använts. Metoden har konkretiserats i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer, dokumentanalys, samt enkätundersökning. De respondenter som har intervjuats utgör sakkunniga inom ämnesområdet bland annat jurister, förrättningslantmätare samt relevanta myndigheter. Resultatet av det empiriska materialet synliggör att det är möjligt att beakta klimateffekters påverkan inom gällande rätt. Av det empiriska materialet framgår att klimateffekters påverkan inte tillämpas som en naturlig del av lämplighetsprövningen, trots möjligheten av lagen. Anledningen är bristande kunskap i vilken omfattning klimateffekter ska beaktas av förrättningslantmätare, brist i uttalade riktlinjer samt en otydlighet gällande gränsdragning i hur ansvaret ska fördelas mellan kommuner, länsstyrelsen och Lantmäteriet. Fokuset bör inte riktas mot en lagändring utan etablering av stöd och vägledning i handböcker, samverkan och kompetensutvecklande insatser. Vidare har en problematik identifierats av ett kunskapsgap mellan tillhandahållande av geodata och dess användning. Därav används inte den fulla potentialen som geodata besitter av att göra bedömningar utifrån klimatrisker. I studien återfinns praktiskt stöd i form av en arbetsmodell, för hur klimateffekters påverkan kan utgöra en naturlig del. Arbetsmodellen utgår från resultatet av studien och visar när samråd bör ske, vilket underlag som ska användas samt vilket ansvar Lantmäteriet har. För att summera är det inte lagen som sätter gränserna för hur klimateffekter kan bli en naturlig del av lämplighetsprövningen, utan hur den tillämpas. Genom rätt verktyg, ökad kunskap och tydlig vägledning kan klimateffekter bli en naturlig del av fastighetsbildningen.Climate change has a significant impact on the built environment and infrastructure and requires a combination of different authorities in the civil engineering sector to take responsibility for preventing climate-related risks. The ordinance (2018:1428) establishes authority approach to handle climate adaptation in different areas. Lantmäteriet is one of the named authorities with a responsibility to integrate climate adaptation into its operations. As a result, an action plan for climate adaptation has been developed by Lantmäteriet, where one of the milestones is that climate effects should be a natural part of the assessment suitability when a property formation is taking place. The study is therefore to examine whether the impact of climate effects is a natural part of the assessment suitability. The study examines whether it is possible within the current law to consider climate effects, based on the Property Formation Act (SFS 1970:988).A legal dogmatic method has been used to answer the questions for this study, the purpose is to analyse current law and how it works in practice. Furhermore, a socio-legal method has been used, in the form of semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and a questionnaire survey. The respondents who have been interviewed includes experts in the subject area. The result demonstrates that it is possible to consider the impact of climate effects within current law. Despite the possibility of the law, it appears from experience that it is not applied as a natural part of the suitability assessment today. The reason is a lack of knowledge to what extent climate effects should be considered by administrative land surveyors, a lack of explicit guidelines and a lack of clarity regarding the demarcation of how responsibility should be distributed between municipalities, County Administrative Board and Lantmäteriet. The attention should not be directed towards a change in the law but rather the establishment of support and guidance in handbooks, collaboration and competence-building efforts. Another problem that has been found is a knowledge gap between the provision of geodata and its use. As a result, the full potential that geodata possesses in making assessments based on climate risks is not used. The study provides practical support, in the form of a timeline, for how the impact of climate effects can create a natural part of the assessment suitability. The timeline is based on the results of the study, and shows when consultation should take place, what data should be used and what data Lantmäteriet has. To summarise it is not the law that sets the limits for how climate effects can become a natural part of the assessment suitability, but how it is applied. Through tools, increased knowledge and guidance, climate effects can become a natural part of property formation
Skälighetsprövning enligt 14 kap. 10 § första stycket FBL
No full textExamensarbetet har syftat till att undersöka skälighetsprövningen av förrättningskostnader vid fastighetsbestämning enligt 14 kap. 10 § första stycket fastighetsbildningslagen. En rättsdogmatisk metod användes för att analysera lagtext, praxis och förarbeten. Metoden kompletterades med empiri från intervjuer med förrättningslantmätare för att belysa den praktiska tillämpningen av skälighetsregeln. Resultatet visar att lantmäterimyndigheter och domstolar huvudsakligen utgår från den nytta varje sakägare har av fastighetsbestämningen när förrättningskostnaderna fördelas. Det är i linje med fastighetsbildningslagens förarbeten som stipulerar att skälighetsprövningen ska tillmäta nyttosynpunkten stor betydelse. Det finns emellertid en tendens att nyttan på förhand antas vara lika stor för alla berörda fastigheter, vilket kan innebära att någon faktiskt skälighetsprövning i allt väsentligt inte görs. Däremot förekommer det att domstolar och lantmäterimyndigheter tolkar nyttokriteriet mer extensivt och väger in ytterligare faktorer, vilket också harmonierar med lagstiftarensintentioner i förarbetena. I ljuset av detta, och mot bakgrund av de rättsfall examensarbetet har undersökt, finns det sannolikt utrymme för en mer extensiv och nyanserad tolkning av skälighetsregeln ur nyttosynpunkt i vissa fall.The aim of this thesis was to investigate how cadastral procedure costs that follow a property definition measure are distributed between interested parties under Chapter 14, Section 10, first subparagraph of the Swedish Real Property Formation Act (FBL), which states the distribution should be equitable. A legal dogmatic method was used to analyze statutory text, case law, and legislative history. The method was complemented by empirical data from interviews with cadastral surveyors. The results show that cadastral surveyors and courts mainly base their distribution of procedure costs on the benefit that each property owner concerned derives from the property determination, which aligns with the intentions stated in the legislative history of FBL. However, there is a tendency to generally presume that the benefit is equal for all involved properties, which may imply that an explicit assessment of reasonableness is, in practice, often absent. At the same time, there are instances where courts and cadastral authorities interpret FBL more extensively, incorporating additional factors into their evaluations. In conclusion, FBL is applied in a manner consistent with the intentions expressed in the legislative history. Nonetheless, there likely exists room for a more extensive and nuanced interpretation of how cadastral procedure costs ought to be distributed between interested parties in a more equitable sense
Power Allocation System for GlobalEye
No full textDetta examensuppdrag undersöker utvecklingen av ett automatiserat kraftdistributionssystem för spaningsflygplanet GlobalEye. Den nuvarande kraftsystemarkitekturen tillåter ingen realtidsövervakning av effektflödet mellan generatorer och laster, vilket leder till ineffektiv energianvändning och begränsar möjligheten att installera flera laster ombord. Arbetet har syftat till att formulera metoder för förbättrad effektallokering och laststyrning som grundar sig på de fyra stödbenen: datakommunikation, säkerhetsmarginal, reglerstyrning och prioriteringsalgoritmer. Utöver de fyra stödbenen övervägs implementering av artificiell intelligens som stöd för optimering. Rapporten presenterar två olika alternativa arkitekturer för Kraftdistributionssystemet, var och en med olika nivåer av AI- stöd. Alternativ 1 föreslås som ett statiskt och förhållandevis lättimplementerat system, där AI används främst som ett verktyg föroptimering. Alternativ 2 rekommenderas i stället som ett mer dynamiskt system med omfattande realtidsstöd från AI för att framtidssäkra både Kraftdistributionssystemet och GlobalEye. Slutligen diskuteras hur tillgång till utökade resurser och verkliga mätdata hade kunnat fördjupa analysen och stärka tillämpbarheten av rapportens resultat.This thesis project investigates the development of an automated power distribution systemfor the surveillance aircraft GlobalEye. The current power system architecture does not allow real- time monitoring of power flow between generators and loads, leading to inefficient energy usage and limiting the possibility of installing additional onboard systems. The aim of the work has been to formulate methods for improved power allocation and load management based on four key pillars: data communication, safety margins, control strategies and prioritization algorithms. In addition to the four pillars, the implementation of artificial intelligence was consideredas a tool for optimization. The report presents two alternative architectures for the Power Allocation System, each with a different level of AI support. Alternative 1 is proposed as a static and relatively easy– to – implement system, where AI is primarily used as an optimization tool. Alternative 2 is instead recommended as a more dynamic system with comprehensive real- time AI support to future proof both the Power Allocation System and the GlobalEye platform. Finally, the report discusses how access to expanded resources and real measurement data could have improved the analysis and strengthened the applicability of the results
Understanding violence among children in SAEC, a social pedagogical perspective on staff reflections
No full textIntroduction Social pedagogy is about social justice. The aim is to encourage a strong sense of community and to educate children and adults to ensure positive relations between individuals and society. School-age educare (SAEC) should work with inclusion and to even life circumstances among children. However, changes in society such as economic and social acceleration challenges the possibilities to practice social justice in SAEC. In Sweden, many SAECs are facing poor structural conditions, increasing needs within the group of children and absence of staff resources to support and guide the children, and a great time pressure. These challenging conditions can be understood in consequences for children as an accelerated everyday life which increases the risk of violence to occur among children. Theoretical framework This study uses the theoretical concepts acceleration and resonance (Rosa, 2023), slow pedagogy (Clark, 2023) framed within social pedagogy. These theoretical concepts are used to explore how the changes among children, parents and within society, which were described by the staff, can be understood. Research questions or hypotheses The focus of this study is to explore how staff, working in SAECs, reflects on, and understand the underlying reasons to violence among children in SAECs. Methodology This study is based on 17 qualitative interviews with SAEC staff (female 13; male 4). The interviews have been recorded and transcribed. Semi-structured questions were constructed to explore the staffs’ reflections on violence among children. All informants have been informed about the study and given their consent to participate. In the study, inspiration has been taken from thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2019) and three themes have been constructed. Results The three themes constructed are: Tough words that make you astonished, changes in children’s use of words; Changes in children’s needs of support and guidance, SAEC goes parenting; Changes in society and changes in SAEC institutions. Discussion SAEC institutions has moved from being bounded in place and time into a more fluid practice, moving into areas that previous in times were restricted to handling in families or by children themselves during their leisure. This can be understood as stemming from social acceleration changing childhood and everyday life in SAEC. These movements demand time and space for the staff to handle and work with relationships with both children and their caregivers. Social pedagogical work, is a way of handling these movements within SAEC institutions which has led to changes in the roles of SAEC staff. As a part of that social pedagogical work slow pedagogies must be involved. Building trustful relationships with children and their caregivers takes time and perseverance.
Qualifications and Competency Needs among Professionals in Outpatient Care for Young People with Co-occurring Problems
No full textThe study explores the qualifications and competency needs of professionals working at Swedish Maria clinics, specialized in treating youth with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems. A web-based survey was conducted among 87 professionals working at the clinics to assess their qualifications, competence in managing co-occurring problems and perceived needs for further training. Most professionals had high educational qualifications, with backgrounds in social work, nursing and psychology. Although health care and social services professionals had generally similar competencies, there were some notable differences in their professionalism and competency needs. Healthcare professionals were more likely to report competence in managing severe psychiatric conditions. In contrast, social services professionals more often reported using a broader range of treatment methods. Both groups identified a need for further education in managing severe psychiatric conditions, such as trauma, psychosis and eating disorders. Social services professionals more frequently emphasized the need for family-oriented approaches, while healthcare professionals more often identified a need for more in-depth knowledge related to substance use. While professionals at the clinics generally possess strong qualifications, there are differences in their confidence and expertise relating to managing complex mental health conditions. Tailored training initiatives that address specific needs based on professionals’ educational backgrounds and organizational affiliations could enhance inter-professional collaboration and improve treatment outcomes for youth with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems.CC BY 4.0</p
A comparative view on the historical development of Extended Education in three countries, Australia, Switzerland and Sweden
No full textThe study aims to contribute to the understanding of the significance of the historical development of institutionalised extended educational (EE) services, with reference to welfare state policies. The comparison is made in relation to the current state of EE services in three different countries in connection to an international research collaboration between Switzerland, Sweden and Australia, To make the invisible visible (TIV). The aim of the TIV project is to provide a greater understanding of global institutionalised extended educational services for primary-age children, with a focus on children’s care, play and leisure. The present sub-study is an exploration of the historical developments in the three countries that, despite some substantial differences, nevertheless seem to have led to many similarities (e.g. challenges) in the present EE-services, as is presented in a first comparative article from the project (Hurst et al, in press). Initially, the historical development of each of the countries is reviewed related to social, educational and family policy and summarized briefly. In the next step, selected developments (e.g. origins, education of the workforce) are compared by identifying similarities and differences across the three countries. Finally, an overview of the development in terms of similarities and differences in the three countries against the backdrop of welfare state policy is presented and a discussion of the implications for the present state of the services are discussed. This study is thought to add to the understanding of the results of the TIV-project as a whole. CC BY NC</p
Attentive Listening and Confirmation Key Aspects in Health Promotion Encounters With Patients in Telephone Counselling
No full textIntroduction Health-promoting telephone counselling is a growing but underexplored area of nursing, where district nurses (telenurses) play a key role in supporting patients' health and autonomy without physical presence. While this form of care is widespread, time constraints, emotional strain, and system limitations may challenge telenurses' ability to create meaningful, person-centred encounters. Gaining insight into how telenurses experience health-promoting interactions is essential for improving care quality and support systems. This study contributes new knowledge by exploring the lived experiences of telenurses in such encounters, offering perspectives that can inform education, policy, and practice development. Aim The study aim was to describe health-promoting encounters with patients in telephone counselling as experienced by telenurses. Methods A qualitative, phenomenological interview study, grounded in a Reflective Lifeworld Research approach, was conducted with 12 participants in western Sweden. Findings The findings comprise one key essence with three constituents. The essence of the phenomenon of health-promoting encounters with patients in telephone counselling as experienced by telenurses involves a moment of confirmation and the creation of a sense of security for the patient. The phenomenon is further described with all its variations and nuances through its three constituents: creation of mutual understanding and meaningfulness, attentiveness to patients in their context, and a calm conversation without stress. Conclusion The results in this study reveal that telenurses have an intention to create mutual understanding and a sense of security to achieve meaningfulness in the encounter with patients. Confirming the patient through attentive listening and being present in the encounter facilitates a holistic perspective based on the patient as a whole, which is in accordance with a person-centred approach. The results in this study contribute to knowledge in the area of health-promoting encounters with patients in telephone counselling, a topic with limited research.CC-BY 4.0</p
Teaching and Learning about Infectious Diseases in the Aftermath of COVID-19
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected children’s everyday experiences in schools worldwide. As future outbreaks are inevitable, it is essential to understand how teaching and learning about infectious diseases was shaped by the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to develop biology education to meet the needs for future epidemic-prone diseases. This thesis investigates how knowledge about infectious diseases is transformed from sources external to the school system into knowledge presented and understood in Swedish middle school classrooms. The overarching research question is: How is the portrayal of knowledge about infectious diseases reflected in biology textbooks, teachers’ practices, and pupils’ understanding in the aftermath of COVID-19? The thesis comprises four empirical studies, each examining a distinct stage in this transformation of knowledge, from academic and societal domains to what is actually taught and learned. The findings are interpreted through contagion literacy, a framework outlining the competencies expected of health-literate citizens and related to the concept of powerful knowledge. A comparative textbook analysis (Paper I) of editions published before and after the pandemic reveals that representations of infectious diseases remained largely unchanged, with an emphasis on functional health literacy describing content knowledge rather than how to act upon this knowledge. In practice, teaching during the pandemic was shaped by pupil-initiated, question-driven discussions about current events, rather than by an expansion of the planned biology curriculum (Paper II). Studies of pupils’ understanding (Papers III and IV) show that while COVID-19 influenced their thinking, their conceptual grasp of infectious diseases and microorganisms remained limited and often based on informal sources such as the media and the internet, rather than formal biology education. The thesis argues for the deliberate integration of contagion literacy into science education with the addition of the host and its immune response as new aspects. Such knowledge constitutes potential powerful knowledge, essential for preparing pupils to navigate future public health challenges and pandemics as critically engaged citizensPaper 1 is submitted for publication and not included in DiVA yet. </p
Work-integrated learning as a catalyst for enriching the doctoral experience
No full textFormal requirements and expectations for doctoral education vary depending on context and scientific topic, affecting how and to what level work-integrated learning (WIL) is included in doctoral education. This article explores how including WIL in doctoral education can enrich the doctoral journey by creating more opportunities to develop the competencies needed in the workforce. This article not only explores how WIL can enhance the doctoral experience but also how it can support the co-creation of potential solutions for challenges experienced in society and industry, enable better career transitions for doctoral students after graduation and enhance research in practice. The significance of this article lies in the lack of research concerning WIL in doctoral education, emphasising the need for more research regarding the potential benefits and challenges thereof in diverse settings.CC-BY 4.0</p
Family Court : A Complex Context in Encounters with Men Who Use Violence
No full textStudien syftar till att undersöka hur familjerättssekreterare arbetar med att identifiera våldsutövande män och vilka utmaningar och möjligheter det finns för att motivera dem till förändring. Utgångspunkten är att många våldsutövare inte själva söker hjälp, samt att det finns en kunskapslucka kring hur socialtjänstens personal hanterar detta i praktiken. Sex familjerättssekreterare, två män och fyra kvinnor, verksamma i en mellanstor svensk kommun, deltog i studien. Deltagarna har olika utbildningsbakgrunder inom socialt arbete och yrkeserfarenheten varierar mellan tre och femton år. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod där semistrukturerade intervjuer användes som datainsamlingsmetod. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades genom tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att utmaningar i arbetet rör bland annat organisatoriska faktorer, normer kring maskulinitet, stigma samt svårigheter för män att erkänna sitt våldsamma beteende. Samtidigt identifierades möjligheter i form av professionellas bemötande, tillitsbyggande samt vikten av att våga prata om våld i ett tidigt skede. Diskussionen lyfter behovet av utvecklade metoder för att identifiera våld, ett stärkande av professionellas handlingsutrymme samt ökad interprofessionell samverkan. Studien bidrar med kunskap om hinder och möjligheter i arbetet med våldsutövare och har relevans för det sociala arbetets praktik, särskilt inom familjerätt och våldspreventiva insatser