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Effektiv och anpassad målstyrning i ett digitalt tjänsteföretag : Att anpassa mål utifrån heterogena grupper i ett SaaS-bolag
No full textThis thesis examines how target management works in a service company, more precisely a Software as a Service (SaaS) company. The thesis also examines how target management is handled in an organization with heterogeneous groups in the form of departments made up of very different occupational groups. A comprehensive theoretical framework based on previous academic literature is used to examine and evaluate how target management works in the examined service company. Since the amount of academic literature on target management in service companies is limited, this thesis contributes with a valuable application of existing knowledge on a field that is relatively unstudied. Through semi-structured interviews, views and experiences are collected from a representative selection of employees. This constitutes the thesis’ empirical material. Through the application of existing academic knowledge on this empirical material, the thesis examines how the company’s target management is perceived and handled in practice, as well as what actions can be taken to improve the management system. It is found that the lack of feedback and exchange of opinions and perspectives in the organization leads to conflicts between departments, and that the engagement for the target management varies from high to low. It also seems that the current target management does not to a necessary extent account for the company’s external environment, such as customers and competitors, in its steering. The conclusion is that the company needs to establish a culture of feedback and exchange of perspectives in order to secure its long-term success through target management
Mikrostrukturegenskapsrelationer i termiska sprutade kompositbeläggningar genom modellering och simulering
No full textComposite coating are highly heterogenous that makes analysing its properties difficult. Simulation tool such as Object-Oriented Finite Elements offers an intuitive approach to solve for the thermal conductivity and mechanical stiffness. The aim of this study is to develop a finite element model for alumina-hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) composite coatings using images captured with Scanning Electron Microscope and artificially generated microstructures. OOF2, an image-based finite element analysis software was used to calculate the thermal conductivity and mechanical stiffness. The results showed that increased hBN content enhances the thermal conductivity at the cost of stiffness. Artificial microstructures have little resemblance to SEM microstructures, but the results showed the effects of hBN content at 40wt%. Further studies can explore the thermal and mechanical properties with through-plane hBN orientation and expand the OOF2 analysis to three dimension environment
Exploring parent-child relationships in a Swedish child and adolescent psychiatry : cohort of adolescents with internet gaming disorder
No full textBackground While recent studies suggest a high prevalence of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) clinics, little is known about the factors contributing to problematic gaming among these patients. Given the well-established role of parenting and parent-child relationships in the development of problem behaviors, this study aimed to explore parent-child relationships within a Swedish cohort of CAP patients with IGD. Methods A total of 72 adolescents from CAP clinics in Skane, Sweden, diagnosed with IGD based on DSM-V criteria (73% boys), aged 13 to 18 years were included in the study. The adolescents completed the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GASA) and reported on aspects of parent-child communication, such as parental control and adolescent disclosure and secrecy, and family climate. Adolescents were categorized as engaged, problem or addicted gamers based on core approach. Independent sample t-tests, Pearsons’s correlations, and multivariate regression analyses were used to address the study goals. Results Independent sample t-tests revealed that girls showed lower levels of parental knowledge than boys. Bivariate correlation analyses showed that IGD-symptoms were related to lower levels of child disclosure, while multivariate regression analyses revealed that higher IGD-symptoms were predicted by high levels of child secrecy and low child disclosure. Conclusion Parent-child relationships, in particular adolescent information management to parents, plays an important role for the level of IGD-symptoms in a clinical sample of adolescents. We suggest that therapeutic interventions for IGD should integrate family-focused strategies, such as parent training programs fostering open communication between parents and their children.CC BY 4.0</p
People’s experiences of life after ostomy surgery
No full textBackground: These days many people live with a stoma and the number is constantly increasing. A stoma is a surgical procedure that creates an opening on the abdomen with the purpose of removing urine or feces. Having a stoma is lifechanging and can significantly affect their quality of life. Therefore, it is important as healthcare professionals to create a safe environment where the person with a stoma can receive information and support. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe how people experience life after stoma surgery. Method: The studywas conducted as an integrated synthesis of qualitative research, inspired by metasynthesis. PubMed and Cinahl were the two databases used to identify relevant articles. From these databases, 11 articles were selected and subsequently analyzed according to Friberg’s (2022a) model, which included five steps. Results: Three themes were created based on the purpose of the study: a changed body, a changed daily life, the need for support and care. Six subthemes were identified: Shame and uncertainty, acceptance as a process, impaired relationships and social limitations, impact on work life and leisure activities, the significant role of healthcare professionals, the significant role of family members. Conclusion: People with a stoma need to manage both physical and emotional challenges, but with the right support, health can improve. Good knowledge and information are essential to strengthen autonomy and improve the quality of life for people with a stoma. Syftet med examensarbetet var att belysa hur personer upplever livet efter en stomioperation. Det innebär en stor livsförändring för många människor att få en stomi. En stomi innebär att en öppning skapas i buken för att leda ut avföring eller urin och anses nödvändig vid olika sjukdomar eller skador. Denna förändring påverkar både emotionella och fysiska aspekter och kan innebära stora utmaningar för de som berörs. Resultatet visar på utmaningar i att acceptera sin stomi och de fysiska förändringar som tillkommer. Förlust av kroppskontroll upplevdespåfrestande då den naturliga tarm- och urinfunktionen förändrades. Även kroppsuppfattningen påverkades negativt och känslor som skam och osäkerhet var vanliga. Dessa känslor ledde till social isolering samt begränsningar i intima relationer och vardagsliv. Stomin påverkade arbetslivet och fritidsaktiviteter, vilket ytterligare bidrog till känslan av att livet förändrats. Samtidigt visade studien att acceptans och stöd från vårdpersonal och närstående var avgörande för att hantera livet med en stomi. Genom att få kontinuerlig information och uppföljning från sjukvården kunde många känna sig tryggare och mer självständiga i sin vardag. Samtidigt ansågs stödet från vården vara bristfällig för många personer med stomi. Närstående spelade också en central roll, inte bara genom praktiskt stöd utan också genom att erbjuda känslomässig trygghet. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att personer med stomi behöver hantera både fysiska och emotionella utmaningar, men med rätt stöd och vägledning kan livskvaliteten främjas. Slutsatsen som är baserad på resultatet tyder på att personer med stomi anser att den information och utbildning som vårdpersonal erbjuder är bristfällig. Det är därför viktigt att sjuksköterskan har kunskap om inte bara det fysiska utan även det psykiska och sociala utmaningarna som stomin medför för att kunna ge en individanpassad och god omvårdnad. Genom att utveckla vården och öka kunskapen kring dessa personers behov kan välbefinnandet förbättras avsevärt för dessa människor
Elderly patients' experiences of following self-care advice in heart failure : A literaturebased study
No full textBackground: Heart failure is a serious condition that creates a burden on both the patient and the healthcare system. It requires lifelong treatment consisting of medication and self-care advice. The nurse's role in treatment is to be educational, supportive and responsive. Aim: The purpose is to describe elderly patients' experiences of following self-care advice in heart failure. Method: A qualitative literature-based study inspired by metasynthesis was conducted, based on 11 qualitative articles that were analyzed. From these, three main themes and eight subthemes were created. Results: The three main themes with sub-themes that were created were: Emotions that rule with sub-themes: Fear of suffering from a serious condition, Feeling hopeless and facing challenges and The sense of getting support. The next main theme was Aggravating circumstances with sub-themes: Symptoms set limits, Aging and living with physical frailty and Knowledge and motivation deficiencies. The third main theme was A new way of living with the sub-themes Establishing a new daily routine and New strategies contributing to positive effects. Conclusion: Adherence could vary greatly depending on emotional stress. The nurse has an important role in supporting and providing information. When information and support were lacking, adherence decreased, and patients felt hopelessness and fear of worsening their condition. Patients who experienced support and found strategies felt that this had positive effects.Hjärtsvikt är ett tillstånd där hjärtat inte längre klarar att pumpa runt tillräckligt mycket blod i kroppen. Tillståndet är allvarligt och orsakar svåra symtom, vilket gör att drabbade patienter kan känna svårigheter och begränsningar i sitt dagliga liv som följd. Metoden som användes i denna studie var en litteraturbaserad studie.. Elva kvalitativa artiklar valdes ut för att svara på syftet att beskriva äldre patienters upplevelser av att följa egenvårdsråd vid hjärtsvikt. Resultatet visade att det är en stor känslomässig påfrestning att drabbas av hjärtsvikt och att dessutom klara av sin behandling och egenvård. Patienter kände trygghet när de hade både anhöriga och vårdpersonal som stöd i sin omgivning. Vidare påvisades hur motivationen att utföra egenvårdsråd blev bättre när patienter upplevde kontinuitet och fick god individanpassad information. Detta gynnade processen i att skapa nya strategier, vilket bidrog till förbättrat mående och patienterna hittade nya sätt att leva med diagnosen. Slutsatser som framkommit är hur patienter som lever med hjärtsvikt upplever hur brist på information och stöd skapar oro. Därför är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan kan möta varje individ utifrån dennes preferenser och kunna se människan bakom diagnosen. Personcentrerad vård och individanpassad information i övergången från sjukhus till hemmet bidrar till en god vård för äldre patienter med hjärtsvikt.
Policy knowledge production in de-democratizing contexts
No full textIn an era of post-truth, the legitimacy of policy knowledge is questioned, especially in de-democratizing contexts where governments purposefully engage in post-truth politics to support their regimes. In such contexts, technocratic evidence-based policymaking is undermined, and the role played by policy advice changes. Recognizing the significance of political contextual factors that might differ across de-democratizing contexts, we analyzed how changes in policymaking and public administration in de-democratization contexts impact policy advice, focusing on think tanks in two de-democratizing countries of the European Union: Hungary and Poland. We identify four aspects of policymaking that are particularly consequential for the role of think tanks and the knowledge they produce in policymaking processes: questioning and politicizing expertise, centralizing policymaking, politicizing public administration, and dismantling accountability mechanisms. We argue that changes in policymaking along these four aspects are conducive to a controlled policy advice system, favoring short-term policy advice aligned with government ideology, while marginalizing and excluding the actors and knowledge that do not align. Our research, along with other literature on knowledge regimes in consolidated autocracies, suggests that control in these European Union–based contexts is not complete, and the think tank field continues to be characterized by diversity, particularly contestation and polarization between those who are aligned with the regime and those who oppose it. We substantiate our claims using an original interview dataset on think tanks in Hungary and Poland.CC BY 4.0</p
The guardians’ perspective of emergency care environment for children with autism
No full textBackground: This literature review present the guardians point of view regarding their visit in the emergency care with their children with autism (ASD). ASD affects cognitive functions, including information processed and interpretated by the brain, and may be influenced by genetic factors and prenatal conditions. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical, with symptoms becoming more evident during childhood. Aim: The aim of this study was to get insights on the guardians’ perspectives of emergency care environment for children with autism. Method: The method used in this study was a literature review, where both qualitative and quantitative articles published in scientific journals were selected. Results: The guardians reported that the sensory stimuli in the emergency department environment caused difficulties for their children. Nurses can reduce stress by adjusting the environment, such as providing private rooms and reducing lighting or noise. Additionally, distractions like TVs, books, games, and toys were highly valued by caregivers as a mean of easing the hospital experience. Long waiting times in the emergency department subjected children with ASD to extra sensory stimuli, worsened their distress. The satisfaction of caregivers was linked to the ability of the nurse to communicate effectively with both the caregivers and the child. Proper training for the nurses in ASD was seen as essential for improving communication and reducing barriers in care. Conclusion: Care for children with ASD should be customized to child- and family centered care, with improved environment, increased competence, and communication to enhance the experience.Syftet med denna litteraturbaserade studie var att ta reda på hur vårdnadshavare ser på vårdmiljön för barn med autism inom akutsjukvården. Metoden som användes i studien var en litteraturöversikt där både kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskning ligger till grund för resultatet. Flertalet artiklar söktes fram i olika databaser och sedan valdes relevanta artiklar ut som därefter lästes flera gånger för att sammanställa ett resultat. De sammanställda resultaten i studien visade att den fysiska vårdmiljön på sjukhus är undermåligt anpassad för att kunna tillgodose behoven för barn med autism. Av vårdnadshavarna vittnade 95% om att miljön i vården skapade påtagliga svårigheter för deras barn med autism. Sensoriska stimuli i form av ljud, ljus samt buller kan vara extra påfrestande för barn med en autismdiagnos. När miljön anpassades runt barn med autism, så som att barnet fick sitta enskilt eller att det fanns böcker eller tv i väntrummet ökade vårdnadshavarnas positiva upplevelse av besöket inom akutsjukvården. Vidare visade resultatet att vårdnadshavarna önskade mer kunskap hos vårdpersonalen om autism samt att kommunikation mellan vårdnadshavarna och vårdpersonalen var nyckeln till ett lyckat vårdmöte. Genom studien kan vi dra slutsatsen att den största vikten bör läggas i att ge barn med autism en individanpassad vård och ta vara på vårdnadshavarnas expertis om sina barn. Barn och familjecentreradvård är något som alltid bör genomsyra vårdmötet mellan sjukvårdspersonal och barn, det är extra viktigt när barnet har autism då barn med autism harett komplext vårdbehov. Autism är en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning med ett brett intervall av svårighetsgrad, som inom vården ofta blir mycket påtaglig med ökad ångest och beteendesvårigheter som följd. Ökad kunskap om autism samt nya diagnoskriterier ses som anledningar till att fler barn diagnostiseras med autism i Sverige. Resultatet som framkom i artiklarna kan bidra med ökad förståelse av behoven för barn med autism samt att vårdnadshavarnas perspektiv av akutsjukvården kan ligga till grund för förbättringsåtgärder
Where global conflicts meet the classroom
No full textBakgrund: Närmare en tredjedel av Sveriges befolkning har utländsk bakgrund (SCB, 2024),vilket också präglar de svenska klassrummen. De skilda kulturella erfarenheterna i klassrummen kan därför ha en påverkan i många situationer, men inte minst genom att väcka känslor eller åsikter kring kontroversiella frågor som rör internationella konflikter. Samtidigt visar Skolinspektionens (2022;9) rapport att det finns en rädsla hos lärare att hantera just kontroversiella frågor i klassrummet, då de är oroliga för konflikter i klassrummet. Vid de ökande spänningarna som kan ske vid polariserade åsikter i klassrummet växer behovet av att kunna undervisa om de frågor som väcker känslor och åsikter, därför var det givet för oss att undersöka just hur detta kan göras. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka strategier gymnasielärare i samhällskunskap använder i undervisning om internationella väpnade konflikter som kan uppfattas som kontroversiella av elever, vilka utmaningar de identifierar i detta arbete, samt hur ett interkulturellt perspektiv kan fungera som tillgång respektive innebära utmaningar i ett mångkulturellt klassrum i arbetet med dessa frågor. Metod: Studien är genomförd via samtalsintervjuer med åtta respondenter som är behöriga samhällskunskapslärare på gymnasiet. Urvalet är gjort via rekommendationer från lärarstudenter och lärare i vår omgivning, då vi ville nå erfarenheter från lärare som har ryktet att aktivt arbeta med kontroversiella frågor i klassrummet. Resultat: I resultatet kan vi se att majoriteten av våra respondenter någon gång känt sig osäkra på att undervisa om en viss konflikt på grund av rädsla för konflikt eller kunskapsbrist kopplat till elevernas kulturella erfarenheter. De ser det dock som en viktig uppgift att ändå undervisa om de frågor som kan upplevas kontroversiella. Detta hanteras enligt respondenterna via samtalsregler, relationsbyggande samt förhållningssätt anpassat efter situation och elever
Prehistory in 100 Years of Educational Films : Representations of Gender Roles and Relations in Swedish Schools
No full textTeaching about Nordic prehistory has a long tradition in Sweden and films about this period in history have been available to schools since the early 1900s. Our knowledge of prehistory is based on archaeological science, but there is a lack of studies showing the relation between research and knowledge of prehistory in educational films. This study of films about Nordic prehistory analyses the transformation in the way women, men and children have been presented. The results of the study show how men have been visualised as having important roles while women have been responsible for tasks close to home, but in recent years a certain change can be seen in this role distribution. The study also shows how the focus has shifted from the Stone Age man to the Stone Age girl and how children have gone from being insignificant to being the main characters in the films..CC-BY 4.0</p
Patients experience of trauma adapted yoga as a health promoting activity in forensic psychiatric care
No full textPurpose: Although the effects of yoga on psychiatric symptoms in psychiatric care are gaining increasing recognition, research within forensic psychiatric care, particularly on sub-jective experiences, remains limited. To address this gap, the present study aims to describe patients’ experience of trauma-adapted yoga (TAY) as a health-promoting activity in forensic psychiatric care. Methods: Twelve individual semi-structured interviews with patients in forensic psychiatric care were conducted, and data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Findings: The patients’ experience of TAY as a health-promoting activity was captured in an overarching theme, “To feel that one is connected to mind, body, and soul in a way that can promote a sense of well-being in an uncertain existence”. This overarching theme contained four themes: Strengthening the body, finding a calm place within oneself, something to do solely for oneself but together with others, and prerequisites for doing yoga. Conclusion: The findings emphasize that TAY has the potential to be a valuable health-promoting activity for patients in forensic psychiatric care by facilitating their resources to manage stressors in everyday life. Therefore, it should be offered as a complement to other reatments to promote patients’ health and well-being in forensic psychiatric care.CC BY 4.0</p