University College Stockholm
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Swedish state-owned enterprises and human rights : An investigation of the governance by the Swedish government
No full textThe purpose of the study is to investigate the governance by the Swedish government of the state-owned enterprises in relation to UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights. In the study the Swedish state’s ownership policy is analyzed together with the Swedish national action plan for business and human rights in relation to article 4 in the UN Guiding Principles.The method used in the study is a critical legal reasoning around the text combined with other external perspectives such as the underpinning values and the context. The conclusion of the study is that the Swedish state’s ownership policy should be interpreted in the light of international law, since there are compelling reasons grounded in previous research that article 4 in the UN Guiding Principles is related to the state’s duty to protect and the requirement of due diligence. The study demonstrates that the Swedish government has taken several steps in relation to the state-owned companies, although it is hard to conclude that these are additional in the meaning of article 4. The requirement in the UN Guiding Principles on state-owned enterprises to perform human rights due diligence and supported by international law is not expressed in the State’s ownership policy. Another conclusion is that the requirements and expectations on state-owned enterprises with regard to human rights are integrated with firm expectations on business opportunities. These requirements and expectations could be characterized as instrumental for the overriding objective of the state-owned enterprises: long-term value generation
Viewing Oneself through Others’ Eyes : Shame between Biology and Culture in Biblical Texts
No full textBaptism or Rebaptism : The Discussions in the Church of Sweden Concerning the Baptism in the Lords New Church
No full textBaptism has long been seen as an uncomplicated and inclusive element in the Church of Sweden. The process studied in this thesis has, however, indicated a change on this point. Three people (one of which has been serving as a minister in the Church of Sweden for fourteen years), baptised as children in The Lords New Church, a church that follows Emanuel Swedenborg’s teachings, was baptised anew in the order of the Church of Sweden in November 2018, after the Church of Sweden had declared their original baptism to be invalid.A statement on the matter was released from the Church of Sweden in which several documents were referred to as supporting the arguments of the Church of Sweden. These documents, along with the statement from the Church of Sweden, are presented and discussed in this thesis.The discussion shows that the documents can be read in more than one way, and that the Church of Sweden seems to have used only parts of them in its reasoning on the matter
When Society fails Children
No full textI denna uppsats har författaren använt sig av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod för hur Socialtjänstens arbete rörande frågor kring barns trygghet brister, och där barn far illa. Detta trots aktiva insatser som skall motarbeta barns utsatthet och där engagemang kring frågor som rör barn varit prioriterade sedan länge. Uppsatsen har inspirerats av diskursanalys som metod och teori. Den innehåller även det teoretiska begreppet ¨barnets bästa¨ och BBIC som ett analytiskt verktyg. Resultatet visar att Socialnämnden argumenterar utifrån föräldrars brister och det misslyckade föräldraskapet i förhållande till barns behov. Vidare framkommer att argumentationen förs utifrån lagstiftningen förutsättning syftar till att uppnå mer effektivitet i administration än att beakta barnets bästa.The author have used a qualitative method to examine how the efforts of adults in the nonprofit, private and public sectors are failing to ensure children's safety. Although the efforts to protect children from getting harmed have been a prioritized for a long time.This dissertation has been inspired by discourse analysis as a method and theory. It also contains the theoretical concept of the best interest of the child and BBIC as an analytical tool. The result shows that the social services argues based on the parents shortcomings and the failed parenthood in relation to the children's needs. Furthermore, it is stated that the line of reasoning is based on the legislation provided for the purpose of achieving efficiency in administration rather than consider the child's best interest
WHAT I WISH FOR IS CALLED : A study on Existential health conversations in school, feelings, and about trying to put into words the things beyond the language.
No full textThe aim of the study is to investigate students' self-rated health in relation to existential aspects. With a salutogenic approach, the study builds on theories of existential health, attachment-theory, object relation theory and alexithymia. The study examines how the health promotion Existential health conversations affected the students self-rated health, school as a supporting arena as well as the self-rated ability of the youth to identify and verbalize existential feelings. The focus interviews have also been analysed using the World Health Organization [WHO] instrument for measuring health-related quality of life [HRQL] related to spiritual, religious and personal beliefs [SRPB]. To be able to identify the young people's self-rated ability to identify and verbalise existential feelings, the study has chosen to operationalise the theory of alexithymia, primarily inspired by the "Toronto Alexithymia Scale" [TAS20]. The study is a mixed-methods study based on 94 questionnaires and 6 focus interviews with the students and school health team who participated in Existential health conversations. The material for the self-rated health questionnaire is presented comparatively and the focus interviews are used to nuance that result. The approach “cognition, affection and action” was used for both research issues and serves as the theoretical bridge for the research questions in the study's abductive phase. The study found that a large group of students experienced Existential health conversations to be strengthening, and there was a large group of youth that experienced self-rated lack of ability of the youth to identify and verbalise existential feelings. The conclusion of the study states that schools must continue to work on putting this aspect of health in focus with the concept of existential health
Ethnic discrimination in Swedish workplaces : A qualitative interview study regarding perceived discrimination in Swedish workplaces relating to ethnicity
No full textIn this study, five young and highly educated individuals' perceived ethnic discrimination at their respective workplaces, has been examined. Furthermore, the individuals' reactions and actions, as well as their perception of their colleague’s behavior during the discrimination situations, have been examined. This has been done through five qualitative semi-structured interviews. The study primarily has its theoretical base in an intersectional and an othering perspective. The study shows several behaviors that are perceived as offensive based on the individuals' own assessments. The study also demonstrates the influence of power and workplace hierarchy, on taken actions in perceived discrimination cases
The child’s right to his/her parents : A legal dogmatic analysis of legal parenthood in relation to the convention on the rights of the child
No full textThe Convention on the rights of the child (CRC) stipulates a set of rights for all children and declares that all national legislation should be in compliance with the convention. The CRC states that the best interests of the child shall be of primary consideration in all actions concerning children; that every child has the right to protection of their family relations as well as the right to know about its parents. The purpose of this study is to investigate how well does the Swedish regulation of establishing legal parenthood comply with the child’s family oriented rights stipulated by the CRC. The study uses a critical legal dogmatic method and is analysed from a theory of the best interests of the child principle. The result shows that the Swedish law strongly protects the child’s right to know about his/her genetic origin. However, the findings illustrate that the mentioned right is often seen as synonymous for what is best for the child, and therefore leaves no space for questioning other aspects that may affect the child’s well-being. Furthermore the results demonstrate that the Swedish family law mainly protects hetero normative families where none of the parents has changed their legal gender. The further away from this norm that the child’s family is, the more complicated it is to establish legal parenthood and therefor harder to protect the child’s right to its family relations. The paper argues that the Swedish family law hence leaves little space for what could be seen as the best interest of a specific child in a specific context, and by doing so diverges from the CRC which advocates contextually when analysing what is best for the child. The paper concludes that a more flexible law where the best interests of the child can be taken into account in greater extent could secure the rights of the child more effectively
Does the EU have the power to protect the human rights? : A study about article 7 of the Treaty of the European Union.
No full textThe European Union (EU) is based on the inclusive core values of democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights enshrined in article 2 of the Treaty of the European Union. If there is a risk that these values are systematically threatened within a member state or when breaches are a fact, the EU may act by applying legal and political mechanisms. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the problem with EU member states abandoning the democratic principles in favor of the illiberal, as exemplified by a case study on Hungary whose constitution and national identity are based on exclusionary values, which consequently has implications for human rights. The main focus of the thesis is the article 7 procedure which has a sanctioning mechanism that may result in the member state concerned being wholly or partly deprived of its voting rights in the Council of the European Union. Article 7 has been criticized for being ineffective and too political. In September 2018, the European Parliament adopted a resolution which activated the preventive mechanism of the procedure against Hungary which is about deciding whether there is a risk of breaches of article 2. The main ambition of the study is to discuss to what extent article 7 can protect the EU's core values. For these purposes, a jurisprudence method that examines EU law has been applied and, through a political science approach, the application of article 7 against Hungary has been investigated. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the procedure, a field study trip was made to the European Parliament in Brussels, where interviews were conducted with people with insight into the work of Parliament and the Council. I was also given the opportunity to attend a meeting of the Committee of Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs of the European Parliament, in which representatives of the European Commission and the European Union Council also participated. The theme for the discussion was the article 7 procedure against Hungary. The findings of the survey show that, due to the political nature, article 7 is not sufficiently capable of protecting the fundamental values of the EU. What is needed is a new independent mechanism to review all member states' compliance with democracy, the rule of law and human rights
Girls’ rights are human rights : The international community’s (in)capacity to protect girls associated with armed force
No full textThe aim of this thesis is to inspect how international law tends to exclude girls’ as holder of their rights, when they are associated with armed conflict. From the view of a legal approach, different terms in conventions- optional- and additional protocols have interprets and systematizes to make de lege lata for girls’ in international law able to establish. From the theoretical sight of formal and substantial equality, which assume that equal rights do not function in a world build on the structure of a male, the research of the study shows a number of terms within international law that tends to exclude girls as holders of their rights. The result shows that those terms due to social construction, which express the differences between girls and boys, is overlooked in the international lege lata. The result makes therefore the male standard of the terms advantage for boys
The Race to the Bottom : A Minor Field Study of H&M’s CSR in practice
No full textCSR has become a tool for global corporations to justify their outsourcing practices in other countries. Despite these CSR policies, reports reveal that labor rights violations are common in these supply chains, and not at least in the garment industry. The purpose of this study is therefore to explore how a global clothing company’s CSR policy on labor rights is working on the ground and which factors that influence its implementation. Interviews with factory workers and experts on the topic have taken place in one of India’s largest garment hubs. The findings are based on thematical analysis and the analysis suggests that the global brand (H&M) could improve the situation by taking certain actions though several external factors also have an affect. The responsibility for poor labor conditions needs to be divided between multiple actors who all have a duty to act within their spheres of influence. The study concludes that the underlying problem of economic exploitation must be brought to an end through increased cooperation between global companies