The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
Not a member yet
3569 research outputs found
Sort by
Dietary Inorganic Nitrate as an Ergogenic Aid : An Expert Consensus Derived via the Modified Delphi Technique.
No full textINTRODUCTION: Dietary inorganic nitrate is a popular nutritional supplement, which increases nitric oxide bioavailability and may improve exercise performance. Despite over a decade of research into the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation during exercise there is currently no expert consensus on how, when and for whom this compound could be recommended as an ergogenic aid. Moreover, there is no consensus on the safe administration of dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid. This study aimed to address these research gaps. METHODS: The modified Delphi technique was used to establish the views of 12 expert panel members on the use of dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid. Over three iterative rounds (two via questionnaire and one via videoconferencing), the expert panel members voted on 222 statements relating to dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid. Consensus was reached when > 80% of the panel provided the same answer (i.e. yes or no). Statements for which > 80% of the panel cast a vote of insufficient evidence were categorised as such and removed from further voting. These statements were subsequently used to identify directions for future research. RESULTS: The 12 panel members contributed to voting in all three rounds. A total of 39 statements (17.6%) reached consensus across the three rounds (20 yes, 19 no). In round one, 21 statements reached consensus (11 yes, 10 no). In round two, seven further statements reached consensus (4 yes, 3 no). In round three, an additional 11 statements reached consensus (5 yes, 6 no). The panel agreed that there was insufficient evidence for 134 (60.4%) of the statements, and were unable to agree on the outcome of the remaining statements. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information on the current expert consensus on dietary nitrate, which may be of value to athletes, coaches, practitioners and researchers. The effects of dietary nitrate appear to be diminished in individuals with a higher aerobic fitness (peak oxygen consumption [V̇O2peak] > 60 ml/kg/min), and therefore, aerobic fitness should be taken into account when considering use of dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid. It is recommended that athletes looking to benefit from dietary nitrate supplementation should consume 8-16 mmol nitrate acutely or 4-16 mmol/day nitrate chronically (with the final dose ingested 2-4 h pre-exercise) to maximise ergogenic effects, taking into consideration that, from a safety perspective, athletes may be best advised to increase their intake of nitrate via vegetables and vegetable juices. Acute nitrate supplementation up to ~ 16 mmol is believed to be safe, although the safety of chronic nitrate supplementation requires further investigation. The expert panel agreed that there was insufficient evidence for most of the appraised statements, highlighting the need for future research in this area
Comparison of lightweight and traditional figure skating blades, a prototype blade with integrated damping system and a running shoe in simulated figure skating landings and vertical countermovement jumps, and evaluation of dampening properties of the prototype blade.
No full textTo date, there is no empirical evidence suggesting greater jump heights or cushioned landings when using figure skating (FS) blades of different mass and design. This study examined the effect of lightweight (Gold Seal Revolution from John Wilson) and traditional (Apex Supreme from Jackson Ultima and Volant from Riedell) blades, a new prototype blade with an integrated damping system (damping blade) in two different damping configurations, and running shoes (Runfalcon from Adidas) on kinetics and kinematics during simulated on-ice landings from 0.6 m and maximal countermovement jumps on synthetic ice, and measured dampening properties of the damping blade. Seventeen participants executed trials in the six footwear conditions blinded to the different blades and acted as their own control for statistical comparison. There were no differences between the lightweight and traditional blades on the maximal vertical ground reaction force during the landing. Image analysis showed a damping effect in the damping blade that significantly decreased the landing load for all participants (mean 4.38 ± 0.68 bodyweight) (p ≤ 0.006), on average between 10.1 and 14.3% compared to lightweight and traditional blades (4.87 ± 1.01 to 5.11 ± 0.88 bodyweight). The maximal jump height achieved was the same in all FS blades
Relative age effect and sense of coherence in physical education : A quantitative study of the correlation between students’ relative age and sense of coherence in physical education on upper secondary school.
No full textPurpose of study This quantitative cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship and differences between time of birth and students’ Sense of Coherence (SOC) in physical education within the Swedish upper secondary school. Previous research has proven a connection between annual time of birth and success in sports and school, which is termed Relative Age Effect in research and means that relatively older students and athletes possess a higher probability to reach success. The evidence of relative age effects to students’ motivation and grades in school motivated the hypothesis in this study: that there is a correlation between students' time of birth and their SOC in physical education. This is a relationship that has not been proven nor explored earlier. Methodology The collection of data was collected through a web-based questionnaire with 15 questions in total 12 of which related to the assessment of respondents' SOC. The selection consisted of students from four upper secondary schools within the Stockholm area with 394 participating respondents in total, whereof 285 underwent statistical analyses. The survey answers composed the data that was tested via statistical analysis to explore any correlation or variance between time of birth and SOC. Results The statistical analyses could not prove any linear correlation between the two variables. Nor could the analyses prove any significant differences between the students' assessed SOC and time of birth when divided into annual quarters. Explorative follow-up analyses indicated clear differences between the genders with SOC where the boys reported higher levels of SOC compared to the girls. An ANOVA analyses also indicated that birth quarter seemed to have a bigger impact on SOC for girls. Conclusion In conclusion, the study indicated no proof of a correlation between time of birth and SOC and no linear connection between measured SOC and birth quarter. Although, the first quarter is the only quarter that deviates from the connection, from the second to fourth quarter there is a connection indicating lower levels of SOC throughout the year. Further research on this topic is needed to procure a fair perception of this uncharted area of research.Syfte Denna kvantitativa tvärsnittsstudie har som syfte att undersöka eventuella samband mellanelevers födelsetidpunkt och upplevd Känsla av Sammanhang (KASAM) till kursen idrott ochhälsa 1 i den svenska gymnasieskolan. Tidigare forskning visar att det finns samband mellanfödelsetidpunkt och framgångar inom idrott och skola, i forskningen benämns detta somrelativ ålderseffekt och innebär att tidigt födda elever mer sannolikt når framgång. Bevisen förden relativa ålderns påverkan på elevers betyg och motivation i skolan grundade dennastudies hypotesformulering om att det även finns bevis för ett samband mellan eleversfödelsetidpunkt och känsla av sammanhang inom idrott och hälsa. Ett sådant samband harvarken påvisats eller studerats tidigare. Metod Datainsamlingen skedde via en webbaserad enkät med totalt 15 frågor varav 12 frågorbehandlar området KASAM. Urvalet bestod av elever från fyra olika gymnasieskolor iStockholms län och totalt samlades 394 enkätsvar in, varav 285 genomgick statistisk analys.Enkätsvaren har utgjort den data som prövats via statistisk analys för att undersöka eventuellasamband och skillnader mellan födelsetidpunkt och upplevd KASAM. Resultat Den statistiska analysen har inte kunnat påvisa något linjärt samband mellan de tvåvariablerna, skillnaden av uppmätt KASAM i dem olika kvartalen har heller inte kunnatpåvisas med statistisk signifikans. Explorativa uppföljningsanalyser visade på en tydligkönsskillnad i KASAM, där pojkarna rapporterade högre KASAM än flickorna, och även entendens till interaktion mellan kön och födelsekvartal, där födelsekvartal verkade ha en störrebetydelse för KASAM hos flickor jämfört med pojkar. Slutsats Fastställda slutsatser är således att ett samband mellan födelsetidpunkt och KASAM inteexisterar och att det inte råder något linjärt samband mellan uppmätt KASAM i de olikakvartalen. Däremot är det endast kvartal ett som avviker från sambandet, från kvartal två tillfyra finns det ett samband som visar på att KASAM minskar under årets gång. Vidareforskning om elevers känsla av sammanhang till ämnet idrott och hälsa krävs för att fastställaen rättvis uppfattning av detta outforskade område samt generalisera rådande lägesbild mot enstörre population
Mätning av kraftverkan i slag och sparkar : Utvärdering av en säck med sensor
No full textSyfte och frågeställning: Detta arbete syftar till att utvärdera en metod för att mäta kraftverkan kvantitativt av slag och spark med avseende på validitet och reliabilitet med målet att svara på frågan: Går det att mäta kraftverkan i slag- och sparkartekniker (genomförande av slag- eller sparkrörelse) på ett enkelt och tillgängligt sätt med god validitet och reliabilitet med den valda metoden? Metod: Detta arbete innehåller flera delar. En litteraturstudie som syftade till att få en bild över forskningsläget kring ämnet. Mätutrustning anskaffades, testutrustning och testmiljö byggdes. Därefter testades validiteten och reliabiliteten i mätutrustningen. Mätutrustningen som användes i den här studien var en vattenvattenfylld droppformad slagsäck med en sensor, Aqua Training Bag (ATB säck), som mätte kraft i slagen. För att kunna mäta validiteten i mätutrustningen användes en mätpåle. Mätpålen bestod av en träbalk med en kalibrerad mätsensor som mätte kraften vid sammanstötningen med slagsäcken. I första delen av testerna släpptes mätpålen likt en vagga (slagvagga), upphängd i taket med snören, mot fyra olika träffområden på slagsäcken. Slagvaggan släpptes från tre olika höjder mot respektive träffområde. I andra delen av testerna utdelades slag med varierande kraft med mätpålen mot ATB säcken. Fem 30 sekunders slagserier genomfördes med mätpålen. Mätvärden från slagsäcken och mätpålen jämfördes med varandra. Resultat: Resultaten visar att det finns en signifikant korrelation mellan uppmätta variablerna maxkraft och impuls från mätpålen och mätvärdena från ATB säcken. Det finns en hög positiv linjär korrelation mellan uppmätta variablerna maxkraft och impuls från mätpålen och kraften i ATB säcken. Höga värden på determinationskoefficienten visar att variationen i kraften i ATB säcken kan förklaras av ändringar i variablerna maxkraft och impuls från mätpålen. Slutsats: Efter att ha validerat metoden med en kalibrerad mätpåle går det att dra slutsatsen att det går att mäta kraftverkan i slag- och sparkartekniker med god validitet och reliabilitet med ATB säcken. Metoden är enkel och tillgänglig då det finns på kommersiella marknaden.
Vitamin D status and associations with diet, objectively measured physical activity patterns and background characteristics among adolescents in a representative national cross-sectional survey.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To report on vitamin D status, measured as plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25(OH)D), the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, and to explore associations between Vitamin D status and background characteristics. DESIGN: Data was collected in a national dietary survey, Riksmaten adolescents 2016-17. The participants completed dietary assessment and questionnaires on the web and wore accelerometers. [25(OH)D] was measured with a mass spectrometry method. SETTING: Representative survey conducted in schools throughout Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Participants attended school years 5 (Y5, mean age 12. 5 years), 8 (Y8, mean age 14. 5 years) and 11(Y11, mean age 18 years), and included 1100 participants. RESULTS: Overall, there was no difference in plasma 25(OH)D between girls and boys. Vitamin D insufficiency differed between the three school years. The prevalence of insufficiency in Y5 was 32 (boys) and 48 (girls) percent, while in Y11 62 (boys) and 43 (girls) percent. The prevalence of deficiency in Y11 was 16 and 15 percent in boys and girls, respectively. Being born outside of Sweden was associated with a 10-fold increased risk of being vitamin D deficient. Deficiency was also associated with longer time spent in sedentary intensity, a lower consumption of fortified dairy products, and fats and oils. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency was most common in the oldest age group and being born outside of Sweden increased the risk of being deficient. The present study will form a baseline for future follow-up studies of the implementation of a new mandatory vitamin D fortification policy in 2018
Menstruationscykelns påverkan på effekt av styrketräning : en litteraturstudie
No full textSyfte och frågeställning Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka och sammanställa vad tidigare genomförd forskning säger om möjligheten att påverka effekten av styrketräning med hjälp av periodisering utifrån kunskap om kvinnors hormonnivåer i kroppen och hur dessa varierar under den månatliga menstruationscykeln. Frågeställning: Kan kvinnor påverka effekten av styrketräning genom att anpassa och planera sin träning utifrån menstruationscykelns olika faser? Metod Artikelökningar gjordes i databasen Discovery efter interventionsstudier genomförda de senaste 10 åren. En kompletterande sökning gjordes i SwePub. Fem relevanta artiklar hittades och ytterligare en inkluderades genom sekundärsökning. Studiernas resultat sammanställdes och jämfördes. Resultat De sex inkluderade studierna visade olika resultat angående i vilken fas av menstruationscykeln styrketräning gav bäst effekt. Två studier visade att bäst effekt uppnås genom träning i menstruationscykelns första fas, två studier visade tvärtom att träning i cykelns andra fas gav bättre effekt. Ytterligare två studier visade att det inte gör någon skillnad dvs att menscykelns faser inte påverkar effekten av styrketräning. Slutsats Antalet interventionsstudier är för få för att kunna dra några slutsatser eller göra några generaliserbara antaganden angående möjligheten att påverka effekten av styrketräning utifrån menstruationscykelns faser. Slutsatsen av denna litteraturstudie blir att bristen på interventionsstudier inom ämnet är stor och att mer forskning behövs
Investigation of the Associations between Diet Quality and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Sample of Swedish Adolescents.
No full textMost adolescents do not consume a high-quality diet, while self-reported mental health problems within this group are increasing. This study aimed to investigate the association between diet quality and health-related quality of life, and to explore the differences in diet quality and health-related quality of life between gender and parental education status. In this cross-sectional study, a detailed web-based recall method was implemented to determine dietary intake, which was analysed using the newly developed Swedish Healthy Eating Index for Adolescents 2015 (SHEIA15) and the Riksmaten Adolescents Diet Diversity Score (RADDS), to determine diet quality. The KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire was used to measure health-related quality of life, and parental education was self-reported through questionnaires. Parental education was divided into two groups: ≤12 years or &gt;12 years. The study included 1139 adolescents from grade 7 (13-14 years old), 51% were girls. The results showed that girls had higher scores for healthy eating and diet diversity but lower scores for health-related quality of life. A positive association was found between diet diversity and health-related quality of life (Adj R2 = 0.072, p = 0.001), between vegetable/fruit consumption and health-related quality of life (Adj R2 = 0.071, p = 0.002), and between healthy eating and diet diversity (Adj R2 = 0.214, p &lt; 0.001). No association was found between healthy eating and health-related quality of life for all participants. The mean scores for healthy eating and diet diversity were significantly higher in the higher education parental group. In conclusion, higher diet diversity and increased fruit and vegetable consumption could be a strategy to improve health-related quality of life among adolescents. There is a need to promote better diet quality, especially in households of low parental education. In addition, there is a further need to investigate the potential benefits of improved diet quality on mental health and overall well-being.This study was conducted in collaboration with Coop, IKEA, Skanska, Skandia, Stockholm Consumer Cooperative Society, and the Swedish Crown Princess Couple’s Foundation/Generation Pep.</p
Exercise training alters autoimmune cell invasion into the brain in autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
No full textBACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which exercise training (ET) elicits beneficial effects on the systemic immune system and the central nervous system (CNS) in autoimmune neuroinflammation are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: To investigate (1) the systemic effects of high-intensity continuous training (HICT) on the migratory potential of autoimmune cells; (2) the direct effects of HICT on blood-brain-barrier (BBB) properties. METHODS: Healthy mice were subjected to high-intensity continuous training (HICT) by treadmill running. The proteolipid protein (PLP) transfer EAE model was utilized to examine the immunomodulatory effects of training, where PLP-reactive lymph-node cells (LNCs) from HICT and sedentary donor mice were analyzed in vitro and transferred to naïve recipients that developed EAE. To examine neuroprotection, encephalitogenic LNCs from donor mice were transferred into HICT or sedentary recipient mice and the BBB was analyzed. RESULTS: Transfer of PLP-reactive LNCs obtained from HICT donor mice attenuated EAE severity and inflammation in recipient mice. HICT markedly inhibited very late antigen (VLA)-4 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 expression in LNCs. Transfer of encephalitogenic LNCs into HICT recipients resulted in milder EAE and attenuated CNS inflammation. HICT reduced BBB permeability and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in CNS blood vessels. INTERPRETATION: HICT attenuates EAE development by both immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. The reduction in destructive CNS inflammation in EAE is attributed to systemic inhibition of autoreactive cell migratory potential, as well as reduction in BBB permeability, which are associated with reduced VLA-4/VCAM-1 and LFA-1/ICAM-1 interactions
P05-04 Physical activity level and sedentary time prior to cardiac ward admission among patients with cardiovascular disease and its association to all-cause mortality
No full textThe abstract was not presented at the conference due to covid pandemic, but published in the meeting abstracts.</p