The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
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Resilience Building Pedagogies and Women’s University Club Sport in Japan
No full textAnglophone studies on school club sport (undō bukatsudō 運動部活動) in Japan commonly consider sport as cultural fields that reproduce hegemonic masculinity and ‘traditional’ notions of femininity. This study suggests that school club sport for women in Japan is more diverse and complex than what the dominant symbolic level gender ideological frameworks imply. This article is based on a broader embodied ethnographic project that examines how university club kendo contributes to the construction of women’s identity via member relationships and sport’s cultural learning. It discusses resilience (gaman 我慢) as an important indigenous value that women develop through sport and manifest as embodied cultural capital within employment. It highlights that engagement in resilience building for women varies and practices are in motion in alignment with social change. Despite these developments, methods of disciplining resilience in sport settings continue to be murky and waver between maltreatment and personal development. This paper offers a unique sporting example of how women’s lived reality of sport is multifaceted and dependent on homosocial relationships, member dispositions, educational trajectories, and personalized ambition
Building the "team behind the team" : A 21-month instrumental case study of the Swedish 2018 FIFA World Cup team
No full textIn this study, we provide a novel account of the selection and development of a staff team for the Swedish national men's football team for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. A total of 37 interviews took place at six time points over a 21-month period to track the values-based steps taken by the national Head Coach to build his support team. The sample was employed in a variety of roles including Head Coach, Assistant Head Coach, Goalkeeping Coach, Mentor to the Head Coach, Performance Analyst, Sports Psychologist, three Scouts, and a Team Manager. The data are presented in a temporal manner and organized according to three core values which were espoused by and later adopted as a value system by the support team: candor, humility, community. The data provide novel insight into the recruitment, formation, and development of the support team underpinned by a value system promoted by the Head Coach using candor, humility, and community. The presentation of longitudinal reflections from the Head Coach and members of the staff team during their build-up to, and excellent performance at the World Cup finals offer a significant contribution to knowledge regarding how a values-led approach was experienced in elite sport. The findings offer salient implications for research and practice. Lay summary: This is a case study of the selection, formation, and development of a support team for the Swedish national football team over 21 months before the men's 2018 FIFA World Cup. We explored the values-led leadership approach of the Head Coach across this period, presenting data from interviews over time-related to the impact of this values-led approach on the "team behind the team" in the build-up to and during the World Cup.Applied implications Psychologists and coaches might benefit from adopting a values-led approach to recruitment and ways of working. The values of candor, humility, and community were effectively articulated and role modeled by the leader and subsequently adopted by members of the support team. Although the specific values may not be suitable, the processes and critical moments that defined this adoption process might be valuable for others to reflect on. Values systems might benefit from "stress testing" over a period of time that is characterized by the relative stability of personnel and consistency of value messaging
Bollspelets roll och syfte i ämnet idrott och hälsa : Elevers uppfattningar om momentet bollspel
No full text Syfte och frågeställningar: Tidigare forskning har visat att momentet bollspel dominerar i ämnet idrott och hälsa trots att ordet bollspel inte förekommer i läroplanen. Detta anses som problematiskt då undervisningen blir ensidig vilket bidrar till att elever går miste om möjligheten att utveckla och visa kunskap i andra aktiviteter (Skolinspektionen, 2018). Syftet med studien är därmed att undersöka vilka uppfattningar elever i årskurs nio har om momentet bollspel inom ämnet idrott och hälsa samt hur de uppfattar syftet med bollspelsmomentet i förhållande till läroplanen. Utifrån syftet formulerades dessa frågeställningar: - På vilket sätt uppfattar elever i årskurs nio momentet bollspel i ämnet idrott och hälsa? - På vilket sätt uppfattar elever i årskurs nio syftet med bollspel i ämnet idrott och hälsa i förhållande till läroplanen? Metod: Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ ansats i form av fem intervjuer med elever i årskurs nio. Respondenterna handplockades med hjälp av kontakt med en idrottslärare och en lärare. Intervjuerna genomfördes på två olika skolor, där tre respektive två elever deltog. Känslan av sammanhang, Kasam, användes som teoretiskt ramverk i studien för att analysera resultatet. Resultat: Uppfattningarna om bollspel visade sig vara till stor del positiva, momentet var uppskattat och roligt. Däremot upplevdes bollspelet ta för stor plats i undervisningen vilket fick undervisningen att uppfattas som ensidig. Respondenterna upplevde att ett kollektivt samarbete främjade spelet och lärandet i, om och genom bollspel men att ett sådant var svårt att uppnå. De upplevde även att ett tävlingsmoment förekom i bollspel och deras upplevelser gick tydligt isär då vissa uppskattade det medan andra såg det som ett stressmoment. Alla respondenter hade svårigheter att koppla bollspel till kunskapskraven och det centrala innehållet men de använde sig av begrepp som kunde kopplas till läroplanen. Slutsats: Slutsatserna som dras utifrån studien är att bollspelsmomentet är uppskattat om ett kollektivt samarbete sker. Ett kollektivt samarbete kan med fördel uppnås genom didaktiska regler, hänsynstagande och anpassningar efter elevers förkunskaper och erfarenheter. Dessutom dras slutsatsen att mer variation behövs både i momentet bollspel men också i ämnet idrott och hälsa för att undvika ett ensidigt innehåll. En annan slutsats är också att lärare med fördel ska tydliggöra relationen mellan bollspel och läroplanen för att öka elevers begriplighet när det kommer till syftet i förhållande till läroplanen.
Association Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cancer Incidence and Cancer-Specific Mortality of Colon, Lung, and Prostate Cancer Among Swedish Men.
No full textIMPORTANCE: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels appear to be an important risk factor for cancer incidence and death. OBJECTIVES: To examine CRF and prostate, colon, and lung cancer incidence and mortality in Swedish men, and to assess whether age moderated any associations between CRF and cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a population of men who completed an occupational health profile assessment between October 1982 and December 2019 in Sweden. Data analysis was performed from June 22, 2022, to May 11, 2023. EXPOSURE: Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed as maximal oxygen consumption, estimated using a submaximal cycle ergometer test. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Data on prostate, colon, and lung cancer incidence and mortality were derived from national registers. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Data on 177 709 men (age range, 18-75 years; mean [SD] age, 42 [11] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 26 [3.8]) were analyzed. During a mean (SD) follow-up time of 9.6 (5.5) years, a total of 499 incident cases of colon, 283 of lung, and 1918 of prostate cancer occurred, as well as 152 deaths due to colon cancer, 207 due to lung cancer, and 141 deaths due to prostate cancer. Higher levels of CRF (maximal oxygen consumption as milliliters per minute per kilogram) were associated with a significantly lower risk of colon (HR, 0.98, 95% CI, 0.96-0.98) and lung cancer (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99) incidence, and a higher risk of prostate cancer incidence (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.01). Higher CRF was associated with a lower risk of death due to colon (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00), lung (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99), and prostate (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.97) cancer. After stratification into 4 groups and in fully adjusted models, the associations remained for moderate (>35-45 mL/min/kg), 0.72 (0.53-0.96) and high (>45 mL/min/kg), 0.63 (0.41-0.98) levels of CRF, compared with very low (<25 mL/min/kg) CRF for colon cancer incidence. For prostate cancer mortality, associations remained for low (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-1.00), moderate (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97), and high (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.86) CRF. For lung cancer mortality, only high CRF (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.17-0.99) was significant. Age modified the associations for lung (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-0.99) and prostate (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 1.00-1.00; P < .001) cancer incidence, and for death due to lung cancer (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99-0.99; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort of Swedish men, moderate and high CRF were associated with a lower risk of colon cancer. Low, moderate, and high CRF were associated with lower risk of death due to prostate cancer, while only high CRF was associated with lower risk of death due to lung cancer. If evidence for causality is established, interventions to improve CRF in individuals with low CRF should be prioritized.HPI-gruppe
Elitidrottares spelproblem : En fallstudie av svensk ishockey
No full textFlera studier visar att spelproblem – ett problematiskt spelande om pengar – är mer utbrett hos manliga elitidrottare än hos män i allmänhet. Men det finns också studier som visar att så inte är fallet. Denna rapport kartlägger problemspelande – och riskfaktorer som följer av det – hos manliga spelare i de två högsta ligorna i svensk ishockey. Studien genomfördes i form av en elektronisk enkät som spelarna fick ge informerat samtyckte till i samband med att deras fackförbund besökte klubbarna i SHL och Hockeyallsvenskan. Enkätsvar kom in från 490 spelare, från 27 av 28 lag. Av de svarande var det 11 procent som uppfyllde kriterierna för problemspelande, enligt den definition som Folkhälsomyndigheten använder. Det betyder att problemspelande bland manliga elitspelare i ishockey är tre–fyra gånger vanligare än hos män i jämförbara åldersgrupper i befolkningen. Rapporten visar att problemspelande är vanligare hos spelare som har psykiska besvär eller högre alkoholkonsumtion än genomsnittet, vilket bekräftar det man tidigare kunnat se i olika lagsporter och generellt inom elitidrotten. Förebyggande attitydarbete med relevans för idrottens värld, förebyggande behandlande insatser och särskilda sökvägar till behandling mot spelproblem är exempel på åtgärder som kan behöva utvecklas inom elitidrotten.Gambling problems have an increased prevalence in elite athletes in a number of previous research studies, although not all studies report this. For this reason, the present study was conducted in order to examine the prevalence of gambling problems – and its risk factors – in male elite ice hockey players in the two top tiers of Swedish ice hockey, in an electronic survey carried out in association with the player union’s physical visits in each team. The study included responses from 490 players from 27 out of 28 teams in these tiers. Eleven percent of the respondents fulfil the criteria of gambling problems (either ‘moderate-risk’ or ‘problem gambling’) according to the definition used by the Swedish Public Health Authority. This means that Swedish male elite ice hockey players demonstrate a 3–to–4 times increased prevalence of gambling problems, compared to the general population. Gambling problems are more common in athletes who have mental health problems or a higher level of alcohol consumption. The study provides a rational for further preventive work and therapeutic interventions against gambling problems in elite athletes. This study, carried out in ice hockey, confirms previous findings from other team sports as well as from elite sports in general. Preventive attitude work with specific sports-contextual adaptations, and specific routes to treatment for elite athletes, may be important to develop
Problem Gambling and Problem Gaming in Elite Athletes : a Literature Review.
No full textResearchers have raised concerns about mental health in elite athletes, including problem gambling, where research hitherto is scarce. While gambling has been assessed in the younger student-athlete population, neither gambling nor the recently recognized behavioral addiction of gaming disorder has been sufficiently addressed in the elite athlete population. The present systematic literature review aimed to summarize research knowledge on the prevalence and correlates of problem gambling and problem gaming in elite athletes. Research papers were searched systematically using the Scopus, PsycINFO, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases and evaluated following a PRISMA paradigm. For the elite athlete population, eight reports on problem gambling and one report on problem gaming were found. While at least five papers indicated an increased risk of problem gambling in elite athletes compared to the general population, one study from Australia indicated the opposite. Problem gambling was generally more common in male athletes. Knowledge of problem gaming prevalence is thus far limited. It is concluded that increased research in problem gambling and problem gaming in elite athletes is warranted
The social origins of obesity within and across generations.
No full textWe propose a model for obesity development that traces a considerable part of its origins to the social domain (mainly different forms of prolonged social adversity), both within and across generations, working in tandem with a genetic predisposition. To facilitate overview of social pathways, we place particular focus on three areas that form a cascading sequence: (A) social adversity within the family (parents having a low education, a low social position, poverty and financial insecurity; offspring being exposed to gestational stress, unmet social and emotional needs, abuse, maltreatment and other negative life events, social deprivation and relationship discord); (B) increasing levels of insecurity, negative emotions, chronic stress, and a disruption of energy homeostasis; and (C) weight gain and obesity, eliciting further social stress and weight stigma in both generations. Social adversity, when combined with genetic predisposition, thereby substantially contributes to highly effective transmission of obesity from parents to offspring, as well as to obesity development within current generations. Prevention efforts may benefit from mitigating multiple types of social adversity in individuals, families, and communities, notably poverty and financial strain, and by improving education levels
Pedestrians´ perceptions of motorized traffic variables in relation to appraisals of urban route environments
No full textBackground It is important to examine how motorized traffic variables affect pedestrians along a gradient from rural to inner urban settings. Methods Relations between pedestrians´ perceptions of four traffic variables and appraisals of route environments as hindering – stimulating for walking as well as unsafe – safe for reasons of traffic, were therefore studied in the inner urban area of Stockholm, Sweden (n = 294). The pedestrians rated their perceptions and appraisals with the Active Commuting Route Environment Scale (ACRES). Correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were used to study the relationships between the traffic variables and the outcome variables. Results Noise related negatively to both hindering – stimulating for walking, and to unsafety – safety for traffic reasons. Vehicle speed related negatively to unsafety – safety for traffic reasons. Furthermore, vehicle speed protruded as an important origin of the deterring effects of traffic among those who commute by foot. Conclusion The study shows the value of both partial and simultaneous analyses of the effect of all four traffic variables in relation to outcome variables relevant for walking. FAAP & PAC
A comparison between martial arts tests and the Wingate anaerobic test : A cross-sectional study of elite athletes in Judo and Taekwon-Do
No full textSyfte Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka om det fanns någon korrelation mellan de anaeroba testerna Wingate-test utförd på ergometercykel, Wingate-test utförd på armcykel och de grenspecifika anaeroba testerna Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) respektive Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT) utförda av elitidrottare. Metod Antalet försökspersoner var 12 personer, varav 8 män och 4 kvinnor. 6 personer rekryterades från idrotten judo och 6 personer rekryterades från idrotten Taekwon-Do ITF. Urvalskriterierna var att försökspersonerna skulle befinna sig på elitnivå och vara 17-35 år. Elitnivå definierades som aktivt tävlande inom landslag under de senaste tre åren, eller tävlande på internationell nivå under senaste tre åren sett till tävlingsresultat, alternativt uppnå landslagets urvalskriterier under senaste tre åren. Ytterligare krav var att ha svart bälte inom sin idrott och tränat i minst 5 år. Utövarna från judo (n = 6) fick göra SJFT samt Wingate underkropp på ergometercykel och Wingate överkropp på armcykel. Utövarna från Taekwon-Do ITF (n = 6) fick göra FSKTmult samt Wingate underkropp på ergometercykel och Wingate överkropp på armcykel. Resultat Resultaten blev inte signifikanta då p-värdet > 0,05. Detta gjorde att nollhypotesen, om att det inte fanns något samband, inte kunde förkastas. Det gick dock att skönja en viss trend i resultaten med starka korrelationer mellan Wingate och FSKT. Detta gällde framförallt för FSKTtot och “average power” i underkropps-Wingate (R = 0,76; p = 0,077). Slutsats Trots ej signifikanta samband tycks en medelhög korrelation föreligga mellan genomsnittliga effektutvecklingen vid Wingate för underkroppen och FSKTtot. Resultaten antyder att träning av Wingate för underkroppen på ergometercykel skulle kunna utveckla FSKTtot för Taekwon-Do utövare. För att säkerställa detta samband behöver dock fler studier genomföras som undersöker detta och inkluderar fler försökspersoner (>12). Ett praktiskt råd till atleter och tränare är att prova inkludera underkropps-Wingate i träningsplaneringen, för att skapa variation i träningen. Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott</p
High intensity and sprint interval training, and work-related cognitive function in adults : A systematic review.
No full textOBJECTIVES: To assess evidence on the impact of acute and chronic high intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on work-related performance tests of cognitive function in adults. METHODS: The databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles up to August 2022. Eligible studies assessed the effects of HIIT (70-100% VO2max ) and/or SIT (≥100% VO2max ) on cognitive function test scores in cognitively healthy adults, relative to a control or comparative exercise group/condition. Data on participant characteristics, exercise protocol, key outcomes and intervention setting were extracted. Study quality was assessed using a 9 (single session HIIT/SIT) and 14 (multiple session HIIT/SIT) item checklist. RESULTS: 36 studies (15 countries; n=11 to 945 participants) met inclusion criteria. Mean quality scores were 'fair-to-good' for acute (single session; mean=6.9 [SD 1.0]), and chronic (multiple session; mean=9.8 [SD 1.6]) training studies. Eighteen from 36 studies (12/20 [55%] acute and 6/16 [38%] chronic training studies) evidenced significant improvements in aspects of cognitive function related to work performance (i.e., attention, inhibition, memory, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility, intelligence, reaction time and learning). Only four studies tested the impact of HIIT/SIT on cognitive function in a work-based setting (e.g., the office or home). CONCLUSIONS: While there is promising evidence, particularly from acute training studies, to indicate that high intensity, short duration exercise benefits cognitive function in adults, there is very limited evidence of application in workplace contexts. To better understand the potential benefits to employee performance and safety, HIIT/SIT and cognitive function research needs to transition from laboratory to 'in-situ' occupational settings