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Tillgängligheten och upplevelsen av specifik fotbollsmålvaktsträning i Stockholm : En tvärsnittsstudie
No full textSyfte och frågeställningar Denna studie syftar till att kartlägga både tillgängligheten av specifik målvaktsträning samt målvakternas upplevelse av den inom Stockholmsområdet.Studien undersöker potentiella skillnader mellan de olika könens tillgång till specifik målvaktsträning, och även potentiella skillnader mellan de olika nivåernas (juniorer och seniorer) tillgänglighet. Studiens frågeställningar är som följande: 1.Skiljer sig tillgängligheten av specifik målvaktsträning mellan könen? 2. Skiljer sig tillgängligheten av specifik målvaktsträning mellan nivåerna? 3. Skiljer sig upplevelsen av den specifika målvaktsträningen mellan könen? 4. Skiljer sig upplevelsen av den specifika målvaktsträningen mellan nivåerna? Metod Denna studie har en kvantitativ ansats baserad på svar från respondenter i en webbenkät. Frågorna är underbyggda som utmynnar i en tvärsnittsstudie om fotbollsmålvaktens tillgänglighet samt upplevelser angående sin specifika målvaktsträning i Stockholmsregionen. Enkäten innehöll 7 bakgrundsfrågor och 21 huvudfrågor. Alla frågor i enkäten klustrades ihop i olika kategorier för att tillsammans svara på frågeställningarna där respondenternas svar konverterades till siffror 0–5, samt vissa frågor till 0-2. Exempelvis: Vet inte/inget svar 0, Aldrig 1, Sällan 2, Ibland 3, Ofta 4, Alltid 5 eller: Vet inte/Inget svar 0, Nej 1 Ja 2. Studien genomfördes med en enkät på 81 fotbollsmålvakter som tillhör junior- och seniorverksamheter oavsett kön i Stockholm. Svaren analyserades i Jamovi 2.3.28 för att se potentiella skillnader inom tillgängligheten utifrån kön och nivåer. Ett icke parametriskt test, Mann-Whitney, användes vid den statistiska metoden. Microsoft Word har även använts för att skapa tabeller och diagram med medianvärden. Resultaten presenteras i medianvärden ochden valda signifikansnivån för analysen var 0,05. Resultat Resultaten visade att 73% av de totala 81 målvakterna som deltog i studien gärna ser en ökad mängd specifik målvaktsträning, men ingen statistisk signifikant skillnad framstår när vi ser enskilt på resultaten från könen och nivåerna var för sig (p= 0,859). Det finns en signifikant skillnad mellan nivåer (p= 0,009), där tillgängligheten av den specifika målvaktsträningen är större för juniorerna men det finns ingen skillnad mellan tillgängligheten av specifik målvaktsträning mellan könen (p= 0,458).Upplevelsen av specifik målvaktsträning skiljer sig inte mellan könen (p= 0,293) eller nivåerna (p= 0,149). Upplevelsen innefattar hur den specifika målvaktsträningen är skattad som helhet, kvaliteten och mängden på målvaktsträningen samt om målvakterna önskar mer målvaktsträning, även om målvakternas upplevelse om uppmärksamhet från huvudtränare. Slutsats Vår slutsats är att tillgängligheten av den specifika målvaktsträningen skiljer sig mellan nivåerna men inte mellan könen. Tillgängligheten av specifik målvaktsträning är större hos juniorspelare då de blir erbjuda specifik målvaktsträning i högre grad och har fler tillgängliga målvaktspass i veckan än seniorspelare. Upplevelsen skiljer sig varken mellan könen eller nivåer. Majoriteten av målvakter i Stockholmsklubbarna vill ha en utökad specifik träningsmängd. Genom denna studie hoppas vi kunna skapa medvetenhet och ett större fokus på målvaktens utveckling bland våra fotbollstränare som förhoppningsvis genererar bättre förutsättningar för målvaktens framtida utbildning och utveckling. Purpose and Research Questions This study aims to map both the availability of specific goalkeeper training and the goalkeepers' experience of it within the Stockholm area. The study examines potential differences between genders in access to specific goalkeeper training and also potential differences in availability between different levels (juniors and seniors). The research questions are as follows: Does the availability of specific goalkeeper training differ between genders? Does the availability of specific goalkeeper training differ between levels? Does the experience of specific goalkeeper training differ between genders? Does the experience of specific goalkeeper training differ between levels? Method This study adopts a quantitative approach based on responses from participants in an online survey. The questions are structured to produce a cross-sectional study on the availability and experiences of football goalkeepers regarding their specific goalkeeper training in the Stockholm region. The survey included 7 background questions and 21 main questions. All survey questions were grouped into different categories to collectively address the research questions, where respondents' answers were converted into scores from 0–5, and some questions into 0-2. For example: Don't know/no answer 0, Never 1, Rarely 2, Sometimes 3, Often 4, Always 5, or: Don't know/no answer 0, No 1, Yes 2. The study was conducted with a survey of 81 football goalkeepers from junior and senior teams regardless of gender in Stockholm. The responses were analyzed using Jamovi 2.3.28 to identify potential differences in availability based on gender and levels. A non-parametric test, the MannWhitney U test, was used for the statistical analysis. Microsoft Word was also used to create tables and charts. The results are presented in median value, and the chosen significance level for the analysis was 0.05. Results The results showed that 73% of the total 81 goalkeepers who participated in the study would like to see an increased amount of specific goalkeeper training, but no statistically significant difference appears when looking at the results from genders and levels separately (p-value 0.859). There is a significant difference between levels (p-value 0.009), where the availability of specific goalkeeper training is greater for juniors, but there is no difference in the availability of specific goalkeeper training between genders (p-value 0.458).The experience of specific goalkeeper training does not differ between genders (p-value 0.293) or levels (p-value 0.149). The experience includes the overall rating of the specific goalkeeper training, the quality and quantity of the training, and whether the goalkeepers desire more training. It also covers the goalkeepers' perceptions of attention from the head coach. Conclusion Our conclusion is that the availability of specific goalkeeper training differs between levels but not between genders. The availability of specific goalkeeper training is greater for junior players as they are offered specific goalkeeper training more frequently and have more available goalkeeper sessions per week than senior players. The experience does not differ between genders or levels. The majority of goalkeepers in Stockholm clubs want an increased amount of specific training. Through this study, we hope to raise awareness and create a greater focus on the development of goalkeepers among our football coaches, which will hopefully lead to better conditions for the future education and development of goalkeepers.Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott </p
All the little pointers: A poetic representation of one female elite athlete’s experience of living with and seeking treatment for an eating disorder
No full textEating disorders are highly prevalent in elite athletes but the lived experience of these has not been investigated extensively. In this article, we draw on life story data generated from four hours of interviews with a young (20 years plus), Swedish, elite, female athlete in an individual sport, named Lisa (a pseudonym) to explore her experiences of living with, seeking treatment, and attempting to recover from a diagnosed eating disorder. This exploration is accomplished by the use of poetic representations. Having made the methodological case for their use we then present the poems for consideration by the reader. The three poems are entitled All the little pointers, The voice inside my head, and Turning it around. Following this, we offer some reflections on how each poem might act as a pedagogical resource to assist those involved with elite athletes to better understand the nature of eating disorders, how the sporting environment can play a role in initiating and sustaining them, and how athletes might be supported and guided on the road to recovery.At the time of Cecilia Åkesdotter's dissertation this article was a manuscript under review.</p
Exploring Interpretations and Implications of Coaches ' Use of Humour in Three National Paralympic Teams
No full textThe purpose of this study was to explore interpretations and implications of head coaches ' use of humour in three national Paralympic teams from the perspective of athletes and integrated support staff. We conducted six focus groups with 19 Paralympic athletes and individual interviews with 10 support staff members across the teams. Our reflexive thematic analysis resulted in two overarching themes that helped us understand how humour influenced feelings of psychological safety in the team environment, as well as considerations or challenges with using humour as a coaching strategy, including miscommunication or misunderstanding. Relational awareness, emotional intelligence, and effective communication were identified as important coaching competencies to consider when implementing humour as a leadership behaviour, particularly in an environment where power differentials of status and disability were present. The study was among the first to explore interpretations and implications of humour as a coaching strategy from athletes and staff in the high-performance parasport context. Coaches who implement humour within their environments are encouraged to reflect on the receivers of the interaction and how to maximise the facilitative rather than debilitative functions of humour as a "double-edged sword" to ultimately promote team satisfaction, well-being, and success
Associations of device-measured and self-reported physical activity with alcohol consumption : Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial (FitForChange).
No full textBACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) is increasingly used as an adjunct treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Previous studies have relied on self-report measures of PA, which are prone to measurement error. In the context of a randomized controlled trial of PA for AUD, we examined: (1) associations between device-measured and self-reported PA, (2) associations between PA measurements and alcohol use, and (3) the feasibility of obtaining device-measured PA data in this population. METHOD: One-hundred and forty individuals with clinician-diagnosed AUD participated in a 12-week intervention comparing usual care (phone counselling) to yoga-based exercise and aerobic exercise. Device-measured PA (Actigraph GT3x), self-reported PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and alcohol consumption (Timeline Follow Back Method) were assessed before and after the trial. Effects of the interventions on PA levels were assessed using linear mixed models. RESULTS: In total, 42% (n=59) of participants returned usable device-measured PA data (mean age= 56±10 years, 73% male). Device-measured and self-reported vigorous-intensity PA were correlated (β= -0.02, 95%CI= -0.03, -0.00). No associations were found for moderate-intensity PA. Compared to usual care, time spent in device-measured light-intensity PA increased in the aerobic exercise group (∆= 357, 95%CI= 709, 5.24). Increases in device-measured light-intensity PA were associated with fewer standard drinks (∆= -0.24, 95%CI= -0.03, -0.44), and fewer heavy drinking days (∆= -0.06, 95%CI=-0.01, -0.10). CONCLUSION: Increases in light-intensity/habitual PA were associated with less alcohol consumption in adults with AUD. Self-reported PA data should be interpreted with caution. Incentives are needed to obtain device-measured PA data in AUD populations
Perfectionism and performance in sport : Exploring non-linear relationships with track and field athletes
No full textThe relationship between perfectionism – perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns – and athletic performance is contested and inconsistent. The present study explored the possibility that one explanation for this inconsistency is the assumption that the relationship is linear. In two samples, we tested alternative non-linear relationships between perfectionism and real-world competitive athletic performance. Sample one comprised 165 Swedish track and field athletes (57 % competing in female category, 42 % in male category; Mage = 16.93 years) and sample two comprised 157 British track and field athletes (55 % competing in female category, 43 % in male category; Mage = 18.42 years). Testing for linear and non-linear relationships, we found a quadratic effect whereby higher perfectionistic strivings had both positive increasing (i.e., U-shape; sample 1) and positive decreasing (i.e., inverted U-shape; sample 2) relationships with performance. We conclude that there may be circumstances when perfectionistic strivings contribute to better and worse sport performance, and that this relationship can be curvilinear
In or out of reach? Long-term trends in the reach of health assessments in the Swedish occupational setting.
No full textOBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the reach of a large-scale health assessment delivered by the occupational health service in Sweden for almost 30 years. METHODS: A total of 418 286 individuals who participated in a health assessment (Health Profile Assessment, HPA) between 1995-2021 were included. A comparative sample was obtained from Statistics Sweden, comprising the entire working population for each year (4 962 127-6 011 829 unique individuals per time period). Sociodemographic and work organization characteristics were compared between the HPA and comparative population for six different periods. Under- and overrepresented groups in the private and public sectors were identified using the most recent data (2015-2021). RESULTS: With negative per cent indicating underrepresentation, the most notable changes over time in representation in the HPA population compared to the comparative were observed for women (-1.2% to -12.8%), private sector employees (-9.4% to 14.9%), individuals with ≥3 years of employment (14.5% to 0.9%), in personal care (0.8% to -8.8%) and manufacturing (0.7% to 6.4%) occupations. Consistently overrepresented groups (median representation across periods) included individuals who had a single income source (6.3%) and were middle-aged (10.8%), born in Sweden (5.9%), associate professionals (8.7%), and employed in companies with high operating profit (17.9%) and low staff turnover (14.3%). Conversely, individuals with low income (-34.0%) and employed in small companies/organizations (-10.9%) were consistently underrepresented. Middle-aged women in education occupations were most underrepresented in the public sector, while in the private sector, it was young women in service and shop sales occupations. CONCLUSIONS: This health assessment has reached many professionals, including hard-to-reach groups, but did not fully represents the Swedish workforce throughout the years
Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Risk of Colorectal and Prostate Cancer Incidence in Men.
No full textINTRODUCTION: The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the associations between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and the risk of colorectal and prostate cancer in men. METHODS: Data from men who completed a health assessment both in military conscription in youth and an occupational health profile assessment (HPA) later in life were used. CRF was assessed as estimated V̇O2max, using a cycle ergometer fitness test at both time points. We linked the assessment data to national register data on colorectal and prostate cancer incidence, and hazard ratios and confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS: 139,764 men with a mean age of 18 (SD 0.6) at conscription and 43 (SD 8.9) at HPA were included. The average time between the two assessments was 25.9 (SD 9.0) years and mean follow-up time following HPA test was 10.0 (SD 5.6) years for prostate and colorectal cancer. Annual percentage change in relative and absolute V̇O2max from conscription to HPA was inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer incidence, hazard ratio of 0.83 (95% CI [0.72-0.94]) and 0.88 (95% CI [0.79-0.99]), respectively. These associations were driven by data from individuals in the lowest and moderate level fitness tertials at conscription. Change in CRF was not associated with prostate cancer incidence risk. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in, not only level of, CRF from youth to adulthood are related to colorectal cancer incidence risk and therefore, improving CRF should be considered as an important colorectal cancer risk reduction strategy
Working with yoga and mindfulness in the education : a qualitative interview study with six physical education teachers
No full textSyftet med studien var att undersöka hur idrottslärare som använder sig av yoga eller mindfulness i sin undervisning gör för att forma sin undervisning i det samt vilka möjligheter och hinder det finns med yoga och mindfulness relaterat till undervisningen. Följande frågeställningar har studien utgått ifrån: Vad lyfter lärarna som viktigt vid utformningen av sin undervisning i yoga och mindfulness? Vilka för- och nackdelar ser lärarna med undervisningen i yoga och mindfulness? Vad bör man tänka på vid undervisning i yoga och mindfulness? Studien har använt sig av en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna skedde med sex lärare i idrott och hälsa från fem olika skolor i Sverige. För analys av materialet har en tematisk analys använts där olika teman från intervjuerna sammanställdes i resultatet utifrån studiens frågeställningar. Studien har utgått från dels ett salutogent perspektiv, dels ett fenomenografiskt perspektiv. Lärarna hade en positiv syn på yoga och mindfulness i undervisningen. Det ansågs vara fördelaktigt för elevernas stressnivåer, fysiska och psykiska träning, sömn och koncentrationsförmåga. Vissa utmaningar med yoga och mindfulness handlar om att lärarna inte upplever det fanns tillräckligt med tid och att det inte framgår i ämnets syfte. Även att det kan vara svårt att slappna av, jobbigt att komma i kontakt med sina känslor eller att kopplingen till religion bör tas i åtanke. Det kunde utövas på olika sätt, som längre eller kortare övningar, med läraren eller externa undervisare och i skolan eller i naturen. Trygghet, individualitet och kravlöshet är även punkter som lärarna anser förbättrar undervisningen. Studien visar att yoga och mindfulness kan vara fördelaktiga metoder att använda i undervisningen. Implementeringen av yoga och mindfulness i lektionsinnehållet kan bidra till flertalet fördelar för eleverna även fast det finns ett antal nackdelar man behöver arbeta med. Undervisningen kan utformas utefter det som passar elevgruppen och läraren bör sträva efter att skapa ett tryggt klimat där individualitet bör uppmuntras och där det inte ska finnas press och krav.The purpose of this study was to investigate how PE teachers teach yoga and mindfulness. As well as the opportunities and obstacles related to teaching yoga and mindfulness.The following questions have been studied: What do the teachers highlight as important when designing their lessons in yoga and mindfulness? What advantages and disadvantages do the teachers see with teaching yoga and mindfulness? What should be kept in mind when teaching yoga and mindfulness? The study used a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. Six physical education teachers from five different schools in Sweden where interviewed. For analysis of the material, a thematic analysis was used where different themes from the interviews were compiled in the result based on the study's questions. The study was based partly on a Salutogenic perspective and partly on a Phenomenographic perspective. The teachers had a positive view of yoga and mindfulness in education. It was considered beneficial for the students’ stress levels, physical and mental training, sleep and ability to concentrate. Some challenges could be that the education plan does not provide sufficient time for yoga and mindfulness and lacks clarity for this topic. Additionally, it can be difficult for students to relax and to get in touch with one's feelings. The connection to religion should also be considered. It could be practiced in different ways, longer or shorter exercises, with the teacher or external instructors and in school or in nature. Security, individuality and less demands are also points that the teachers believe improve the lessons. The study shows that yoga and mindfulness can be beneficial methods to use. The implementation of yoga and mindfulness in the lesson content can contribute to several advantages for the students, even though there are a few challenges that need to be worked on. The teaching can be designed according to what suits the student group and the teacher should strive to create a safe climate where individuality should be encouraged and where there should be no pressure and demands
Increasing physical activity through an adapted web‐based exercise program for people with intellectual disabilities : Support staff are crucial for feasibility
No full textBackground People with intellectual disabilities are less physically active and suffer from ill-health more than the general population. Support staff play an important role in the person's life. This study aimed to explore the support staff's experiences regarding the feasibility of adapted web-based exercise for people with intellectual disabilities. Method Participants with intellectual disabilities living in community-based settings were recruited for a web-based exercise study. Eight semi-structured interviews were carried out with their support staff before and after the intervention period. Results The main theme, ‘Support staff are crucial for feasibility’ encompasses the importance of communication, structure, and motivation in improving physical activity for people with intellectual disabilities. Conclusion The experiences of support staff, indicate that a web-based exercise program is feasible for the target group, and one way to overcome challenges for PA, where the role of the staff is crucial
Reference values for estimated VO2max by two submaximal cycle tests : the Åstrand-test and the Ekblom-Bak test.
No full textAIMS: Submaximal tests estimating VO2max have inherent biases; hence, using VO2max estimations from the same test is essential for reducing this bias. This study aimed to establish sex- and age-specific reference values for estimated VO2max using the Åstrand-test (Å-test) and the Ekblom-Bak test (EB-test). We also assessed the effects of age, exercise level, and BMI on VO2max estimations. METHODS: We included men and women (20-69 years) from the Swedish working population participating in Health Profile Assessments between 2010 and 2020. Excluding those on heart rate-affecting medicines and smokers, n = 263,374 for the Å-test and n = 95,043 for the EB-test were included. VO2max reference values were based on percentiles 10, 25, 40, 60, 75, and 90 for both sexes across 5-year age groups. RESULTS: Estimated absolute and relative VO2max were for men 3.11 L/min and 36.9 mL/min/kg using the Å-test, and 3.58 L/min and 42.4 mL/min/kg using the EB-test. For women, estimated absolute and relative VO2max were 2.48 L/min and 36.6 mL/min/kg using the Å-test, and 2.41 L/min and 35.5 mL/min/kg using the EB-test. Higher age (negative), higher exercise level (positive), and higher BMI (negative) were associated with estimated VO2max using both tests. However, explained variance by exercise on estimated VO2max was low, 10% for the Å-test and 8% for the EB-test, and moderate for BMI, 23% and 29%. CONCLUSION: We present reference values for estimated VO2max from two submaximal cycle tests. Age, exercise, and BMI influenced estimated VO2max. These references can be valuable in clinical evaluations using the same submaximal tests.HPI-gruppe