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Sambandet mellan styrka i nedre extremiteter, hopphöjd och prestation på isen för konståkare : Kan tester utanför isen förutsäga hopphöjd på isen?
No full textIntroduction: In recent years, figure skating has developed in technical difficulties such as jumps and requires high level of physical demands. Measuring jump height on and off-ice as well as strength provides insights into figure skaters’ physical abilities. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between strength and jump height, assess the correlation between on-ice and off-ice jump heights, evaluate the physical abilities among figure skaters of different skill levels, and determine the reliability of a convenient alternative measurement method. Method: 12 figure skaters (1 male and 11 females, age 16.7 ± 1.83 years, height 167 ± 4.88 cm, weight 60.1 ± 6.97 kg), were divided into an Elite group and a Sub-Elite group. The participants performed a single Axel jump (1A) on-ice, countermovement jump (CMJ), countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJa), unilateral countermovement jump on left leg (CMuL), and unilateral countermovement jump on right leg (CMJuR) off-ice, as well as isometric, isokinetic eccentric, and isokinetic concentric strength tests. 1A’s time in air (TIA) was measured using a Smartphone method, off-ice jump’s TIA was measured using force plates (FP) and also the Smartphone. Jump height was then calculated from the TIA. Strength was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Pearson’s correlations coefficient and Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient were used to investigate the relationship between jump height and strength. Independent sample t-test was used to investigate if there is a difference between the two groups. Paired sample t-test was used to investigate the difference between two methods and Pearson’s correlations to determine the correlation between them. Results: Strength correlated significantly with most of the jumps, the strongest relationship was between CMJa and isometric leg press (Pearson’s r = 0.819, p = 0.001). 1A correlated with all off-ice jumps, strongest relationship was between 1A and CMJa (Pearson’s r = 0.769, p = 0.003). The Elite group performed better than the Sub-Elite group only in 1A (t (9) = 2.4604, p = 0.036). There was no significant difference between Smartphone method and FP method and the methods correlated significantly with each other. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there were significant correlations between majority of variables of strength and jump performance, significant correlations between on-ice jump height and off-ice jump height, with Elite figure skaters jumping significantly higher in 1A than Sub-Elite skaters. The Smartphone method proved comparable to the FP method for assessing jump performance, offering coaches valuable insights for figure skaters’ progression and performance assessment.Introduktion: Under de senaste åren har konståkning utvecklats i de tekniska elementen såsom hopp och kräver en hög nivå av fysisk prestation. Att mäta hopphöjd på och utanför isen samt styrka ger insikter om konståkares fysiska förmågor. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka korrelationen mellan styrka och hopphöjd, korrelationen mellan hopphöjden på och utanför isen, undersöka konståkares fysiska förmågor på olika nivåer samt fastställa tillförlitligheten för en alternativ mätmetod. Metod: 12 konståkare (1 manlig and 11 kvinnliga, ålder 16.7 ± 1.83 år, längd 167 ± 4.88 cm, vikt 60.1 ± 6.97 kg), delades in i en Elit grupp och en Sub-Elitgrupp. Deltagarna utförde en enkel axel (1A) på isen, countermovement jump (CMJ), countermovement jump med armar (CMJa), unilaterala countermovement jump på vänster ben (CMuL) och unilaterala countermovement jump på höger ben (CMJuR) utanför isen, samt isometriska, isokinetiska excentriska och isokinetiska koncentriska styrketester. Tiden i luften (TIA) för 1A mättes med en Smartphone-metod, TIA för hoppen utanför isen mättes med kraftplattor (FP) och även med Smartphonen. Hopphöjden beräknades sedan med TIA. Styrkan mättes i en isokinetisk dynamometer. Pearsons korrelationskoefficient och Spearmans rangkorrelationskoefficient användes för att undersöka korrelationen mellan hopphöjd och styrka. Oberoende t-test användes för att undersöka om det fans skillnader mellan de två grupperna. Parat t-test användes för att undersöka skillnaden mellan de två metoderna och Pearsons korrelationskoefficient för att bestämma korrelationen mellan dem. Resultat: Styrkan korrelerade signifikant med de flesta hopp, starkaste korrelationen var mellan CMJa och isometrisk benpress (Pearsons r = 0.819, p = 0.001). 1A korrelerade med alla hopp utanför isen, starkaste korrelationen var mellan 1A och CMJa (Pearsons r = 0.769, p = 0.003). Elitgruppen presterade bättre än the Sub-Elitgruppen endast i 1A (t (9) = 2.4604, p = 0.036). Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan Smartphone-metoden och FP-metoden och metoderna korrelerade signifikant med varandra. Konklusion: Resultaten av denna studie visade att det fanns signifikanta korrelationer mellan de flesta variabler av styrka och hopp, signifikanta korrelationer mellan hopphöjd på isen och utanför isen, med Elitgruppen som hoppade signifikant högre i 1A än Sub-Elitgruppen. Smartphone-metoden visade sig vara jämförbar med FP-metoden för att bedöma hopprestation och ger tränare värdefulla insikter för bedömning av konståkares prestation och fysisk förmåga
Elevated heart rate and decreased muscle endothelial nitric oxide synthase in early development of insulin resistance.
No full textInsulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for the development of several major metabolic diseases. Muscle fiber composition is established early in life and is associated with insulin sensitivity. Hence, muscle fiber composition was used to identify early defects in the development of IR in healthy young individuals in the absence of clinical manifestations. Biopsies were obtained from the thigh muscle, followed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Indices of insulin action were calculated and cardiovascular measurements, analyses of blood and muscle were performed. Whole-body insulin sensitivity (SIgalvin) was positively related to expression of type I muscle fibers (r=0.49; P<0.001) and negatively related to resting heart rate (HR, r=-0.39; P<0.001), which was also negatively related to expression of type I muscle fibers (r=-0.41; P<0.001). Muscle protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), whose activation results in vasodilation, was measured in two subsets of subjects expressing a high percentage of type I fibers (59±6%; HR = 57±9 beats/min; SIgalvin = 1.8±0.7 units) or low percentage of type I fibers (30±6%; HR = 71±11; SIgalvin = 0.8±0.3 units; P<0.001 for all variables vs. first group). eNOS expression was: 1. higher in subjects with high type I expression; 2. almost two-fold higher in pools of type I vs. II fibers; 3. only detected in capillaries surrounding muscle fibers; and 4. linearly associated with SIgalvin. These data demonstrate that an altered function of the autonomic nervous system and a compromised capacity for vasodilation in the microvasculature occur early in the development of IR
”Many of my students resort to fists as the first action in a conflict” : A qualitative study on teachers’s work with crime prevention efforts
No full textSyfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka lärares arbete med brottsförebyggande insatser i skolan. Genom att utforska och analysera hur lärare uppfattar och implementerar dessa insatser, syftar studien till att ge en djupare förståelse för rollen och effekten av lärarnas bidrag till brottsförebyggande åtgärder. Frågeställningar: Hur kan lärares uppfattningar om deras roll i det brottsförebyggande arbetet beskrivas? Vilka aspekter av prevention (social och situationell) genomsyrar lärares dagliga arbete? Vilka utmaningar och möjligheter ser lärare med skolans brottsförebyggande arbete? Metod: Studien genomförs genom en kvalitativ metod. För att undersöka läraresuppfattningar och tolkningar kring brottsförebyggande arbetssätt har semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomförts. Kontrollteorin om bristande sociala band som förklaring för brottsligt beteende används som ramverk för studien. Resultat: Resultaten visar att lärarna lägger stor vikt vid rollen som positiv förebild inom skolans brottsförebyggande arbete, samt att samverkan med annan personal är essentiellt. Vidare pekar resultaten på att lärarens dagliga arbete genomsyras av både social och situationell prevention, men att den situationella preventionen framträder mer i grundskolan. Slutsatser: Studien framhäver komplexiteten och nyanserna i lärarnas uppfattningar om deras roll i brottsförebyggande arbete inom skolan, vilket understryker behovet av stödjande strukturer och samarbetsstrategier för effektiv brottsprevention.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate teachers´ work with crime prevention measures within the school context. By exploring and analyzing how teachers perceive and implement these measures, the study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the role and impact of teachers’ contributions to crime prevention efforts. Research questions: How can teachers' perceptions of their role in crime prevention efforts be described? What aspects of prevention (both social and situational) permeate teachers' daily work? What challenges and opportunities do teachers perceive in the school's crime prevention efforts? Method: The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews toprobe into teachers' perceptions and interpretations of crime prevention methodologies. Control theory, particularly the concept of weakened social bonds as a causative factor for criminal behavior, serves as the theoretical framework. Results: The findings highlight that teachers emphasize their role as positive role models in the school's crime prevention initiatives, and underscore the importance of collaboration withother staff. Additionally, the results suggest that teachers' daily activities involve both social and situational prevention, with situational prevention being more prominent in elementary schools. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the complexity and nuances in teachers' perceptions oftheir role in crime prevention within schools. It points out the necessity for supportive structures and collaborative strategies for effective crime prevention, reflecting the intricate dynamics of educational institutions as agents of societal change and safety
To Create Lifelong Health : A Qualitative Study on How Teachers Work Practically About Health in Physical Education
No full textSyfte och frågeställningar Studien syftar till att undersöka hur gymnasielärare i ämnet idrott och hälsa förmedlar och befäster praktisk kunskap hos elever med syfte att skapa livslång hälsa. Studiens frågeställningar: Hur arbetar gymnasielärarna praktiskt med hälsa i ämnet idrott och hälsa och hur bedöms de praktiska momenten i hälsa i ämnet idrott och hälsa? Teori och Metod Studien har en kvalitativ ansats, med semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod där intervjuguiden skapats utifrån teorin om learning by doing samt begreppet healthying. Urvalet gjordes genom ett bekvämlighetsurval där fem legitimerade gymnasielärare i idrott och hälsa deltog med ett spann mellan 18 och 42 år av undervisningserfarenhet inom ämnet. Fyra av intervjuerna genomfördes på deltagarnas arbetsplats och en intervju genomfördes på videokonferensprogrammet Zoom. Det transkriberade datainsamlingsmaterialet analyserades genom en tematisk analysmetod bestående av sex steg. Resultat Resultatet av studien visar på att undervisningen i hälsa tendrar att fokusera på den fysiska hälsan med konditions- och styrkemoment. Den psykiska hälsan undervisas främst teoretiskt genom att skriftligt och muntligt reflektera över relationen mellan det fysiska och det psykiska, men det kan även undervisas praktiskt genom yoga, mental träning och mindfulness. Den sociala hälsan undervisas genom samarbetsövningar för att föra ihop elevgrupperna, men även genom lekar och dans. Lärarna har som målsättningen att undervisa praktiskt i hälsa men trots det sker mycket av undervisningen teoretiskt för att hantera tidsbrist, en otydlig och patogen kursplan samt bedömningssvårigheter. Bedömningen i hälsa sker formativt då eleverna ges flera möjligheter att utveckla och visa sina kunskaper, därtill sker den över en längre tid och examinationsformerna varierar. Fokus ligger på att bedöma elevernas förståelse och begriplighet av hälsa och inte på att genomföra tester för att bedöma deras hälsostatus. Slutsats Alla lärarna ser ämnet idrott och hälsa som praktiskt där de starkt tror på att livslång hälsa skapas genom upplevelsebaserad undervisning. Deras syn på hälsa påverkar undervisningens utformning med tanke på kursplanens otydligheter. För att uppnå livslång hälsa krävs en förståelse som skapas över tid och därav anser lärarna att formativ bedömning bidrar till detta.Aim and Research Questions The aim of this study is to investigate how teachers in Physical Education (P.E.) convey and consolidate practical knowledge in students with the aim of creating lifelong health. The study´s research questions: How do secondary school teachers work practically with Health in P.E. And how are the practical lessons about health assessed in P.E.? Theory and Method The study has a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews as data collection method where the interview guide was created based on the theory learning by doing and the concept of healthying. The selection was made through a convenience selection where five certified teachers in P.E. participated with between 18-42 years of teaching experience. Four of the interviews were conducted at the participants’ workplace and one interview was conducted over Zoom. The transcribed data have been analyzed through a thematic analysis following six steps. Results The result of this study showcases that health education tend to focus on physical health through cardio and strength. The psychological health is mainly educated theoretically through written and verbal reflections about the correlation between physical activities and psychological, but it can also be taught practically through yoga, mental training, and mindfulness. Social health is taught through collaborative exercises to get the student group closer together but can also be taught trough games and dance. The teachers have the aim to educate practically about health, however big parts about health education are taught theoretically to handle lack of time, unclear and pathogen syllabus and assessment difficulties. The grading in health is made through formative assessment where the students are given multiple occasions to improve and show their abilities over a long period of time, and the examination format varies. When assessing, the focus is to assess students’ understanding and comprehensibility of health and not to conducting tests to assess their health status. Conclusion All the teachers view the subject P.E. as practical where they strongly believe that lifelong health creates through experienced-based teaching. Their view on health is reflected on the design of their lessons, given the ambiguities of the curriculum. To achieve lifelong health requires an understanding that is created over time and therefore the teachers believe that formative assessment contributes to thi
"Teachers read grading criteria and syllabi like the devil reads the bible or... sort of” : a qualitative interview study among seven upper secondary school teachers on the aspect of ergonomics in the subject of sports and health
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur lärare arbetar med ergonomi på gymnasiet i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Studien avser att besvara följande frågeställningar: - Hur tolkas de ergonomiska inslagen i styrdokumenten av gymnasielärare? - Hur arbetar gymnasielärare med ergonomi i ämnet idrott och hälsa? - Vilka möjligheter och begränsningar upplever gymnasielärare vid undervisning om ergonomi? Med utgångspunkt i läroplansteorin och ramfaktorteorin har studien undersökt hur sju behöriga lärare utformar sin undervisning kring momentet ergonomi i idrott och hälsa kurs 1 på gymnasiet. Studien är genomförd utifrån en kvalitativ ansats där intervjuer är den använda undersökningsmetoden. Intervjuerna genomfördes digitalt via videokonferensprogram. Efter insamlandet av materialet tillämpades tematisk analys vid analysprocessen. Resultatet av studien visar att deltagarna har en varierad syn på styrdokumenten och tolkar de även därefter olika, genom att utforma olika upplägg för sin ergonomiundervisning. Deltagarna bedriver både praktiska och teoretiska moment i ergonomiundervisningen och undervisningen anpassas även efter elevernas gymnasieprogram. Vidare framkommer flertal möjligheter och utmaningar som påverkar ergonomiundervisningen i idrott och hälsa. Resultatet visar att samtliga deltagare anser momentet som viktigt men att det inte är prioriterat. Det framkommer även att momentet ergonomi i lärarutbildningen var bristfällig. Studiens slutsatser är att styrdokumenten upplevs innefatta ett tolkningsutrymme som visar på möjligheten att utforma undervisningen varierat. En utmaning som framhävs är att motivera eleverna i momentet och vi tror att vidare forskning inom området skulle kunna gynna framtida undervisning i momentet ergonomi. Vi tror även att en utveckling av ergonomimomentet på lärarutbildningar hade kunnat bidra till att ergonomi skulle prioriteras högre i undervisningen.The purpose of this study is to investigate how teachers work with ergonomics at the upper secondary school in the subject of sports and health. The study intends to answer the following questions: - How are the ergonomic elements in the curriculum documents interpreted by upper secondary school teachers? - How do upper secondary school teachers work with ergonomics in the subject of sports and health? - What opportunities and limitations do upper secondary school teachers experience when teaching ergonomics? Based on the curriculum theory and framework theory, this research investigates how seven qualified teachers structure their teaching concerning the ergonomics component in Course 1 of physical and health education at the upper secondary school level. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews as the method of investigation. The interviews were conducted digitally using video conferencing programs. After the collection of the material, thematic analysis was applied to the analysis process. The study's findings reveal that participants have diverse interpretations of the curriculum documents, resulting in varied approaches to their ergonomics instruction. Participants engage in both practical and theoretical aspects of ergonomics teaching, adapting their instruction to accommodate students' upper secondary school programs. Further emerges several opportunities and challenges influencing the teaching of ergonomics in physical and health education. The results indicate that while all participants acknowledge the significance of the component, it is not prioritized. It also appears that the element of ergonomics in teacher training was deficient. The study's conclusions are that the curriculum documents are perceived to include a space for interpretation that shows the possibility of designing the teaching in a varied way. A challenge that is highlighted is to motivate the students in the section and we believe that further research in the area could benefit future teaching in the section on ergonomics. We also believe that a development of the ergonomics aspect of teacher training could have contributed to ergonomics being a higher priority in teaching
Fotbollstränares personlighet : En jämförelse mellan kön, utbildningsnivå och tränaruppdrag utifrån femfaktorteorin
No full textSyfte Syftet med arbetet är att, utifrån femfaktorteorin, undersöka personligheten hos fotbollstränare i Stockholm. Vidare ska vi undersöka om det finns skillnader i personlighet mellan kvinnliga och manliga fotbollstränare. Ytterligare syfte är att undersöka samband mellan personlighet och utbildningsnivå samt tränaruppdrag. Femfaktorteorin är en personlighetsteori som beskriver en personlighet via de fem egenskaperna; utåtriktning, öppenhet, samvetsgrannhet, vänlighet och neuroticism. Metod För att besvara frågeställningarna har en digital deduktiv kvantitativ metod använts. Enkäten skickades ut vid två tillfällen och riktade sig till tränare för lag som spelade i den högsta serien i deras åldersgrupp under säsong 2022/2023. Femtio fotbollstränare deltog i studien. Enkäten bestod av bakgrundsfrågor för att kunna bemöta frågeställningarna, samt en svensk version av Big Five Inventory. Enkäten skapades via verktyget Sunet Survey och insamlade data analyserades via Jamovi med Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis och Post-Hoc analys. Resultat Fotbollstränare i Stockholm hade höga värden inom samvetsgrannhet, vänlighet och utåtriktning, samt låga nivåer av neuroticism. De statistiska analyserna resulterade i att kvinnor visade en högre nivå av neuroticism än män (p=0,01) samt att det finns ett samband mellan neuroticism och utbildningsnivå (p=0,012). Resultatet visade att det inte finns några signifikanta samband mellan personlighet och tränare med olika tränaruppdrag. Tränaruppdrag som var kategoriserade utefter ålder och nivå visade däremot ett signifikant samband med samvetsgrannhet (p=0,05), där elitförberedande miljöer visade högre medelvärde av samvetsgrannhet. Slutsats Resultatet visar på skillnader mellan män och kvinnor utifrån femfaktorteorin, där kvinnliga tränare anger högre värden inom neuroticism. Höga värden inom utåtriktning hos båda könen visar även på att likheter finns. Studien konstaterar även att neuroticism korrelerar med utbildningsnivå och att det finns en indikation på att samvetsgrannhet är en viktig egenskap för att bli en framgångsrik tränare.Aim The purpose of the study was to examine personality traits of football coaches in Stockholm. The selected personality theory was Big Five Inventory (BFI). The study also compares the gender differences between men and women, if it exists any relationship between education level and personality or if it exists any relationship between coaching assignments and personality. The Big Five Factor model is a personality theory that describes a personality with five traits; extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism. Method A deductive quantitative survey was used as method. The survey consisted of background questions about the participants as a coach and a Swedish translation of the Big Five Inventory. The survey was sent out at two times and was directed to teams that played in the highest division of their age in season 2022/2023. 50 persons participated in the test. The survey was organized in Sunet Survey and the data was analyzed in Jamovi with Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Post Hoc. Results Football coaches in Stockholm had high scores in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion, but low scores in neuroticism. The statistical analyses resulted in higher values of neuroticism for women, in comparison with men (p=0,01), and that neuroticism correlates with education level (p=0,012). Soccer coaches with different coaching assignments did also show a result where no significant correlations were found related to the coaches personalities. Coaching assignments categorized by age and level resulted in a significant correlation with conscientiousness (p=0,05). Teams with an elite preparatory environment scored higher in mean value on conscientiousness. Conclusion The result shows that there exist differences between men and women based on BFI, where female coaches scored higher in neuroticism. Both men and women had high scores in extraversion, which also indicates some similarities between gender. The study also concludes that neuroticism correlates with educational level and that conscientiousness probably is an important trait for a successful soccer coach.
Concurrent training for elite team sport athletes
No full textMost team sports consist of elements that require both a high level of strength and aerobic endurance. Because of these demands a combination of resistance and endurance training (concurrent training) is an integrated part of their weekly training program. Concurrent training can be defined as the implementation of resistance and endurance training in parallel within the same training program to develop both capacities simultaneously. Despite the wide range of benefits of concurrent training, there is evidence that adding endurance training to a resistance training protocol can compromise strength development. The underlying cause has recently started to be clarified, with substantial evidence suggesting that the design of the training program and inter-individual differences play a crucial role in determining the effect of concurrent training on strength performance. It has been suggested that the training status may have an independent influence on the results during concurrent training. Thus, it is important to acknowledge that the scientific literature on concurrent training for elite team sport athletes is very scarce, especially in females. The primary aim of this thesis was therefore to investigate the effect of concurrent training on elite team sport athletes with both sexes represented. This was done by performing one systematic review with meta-analysis and three experimental studies. Study I is a review study addressing the effect of training status on strength development during concurrent training and the effect of same-session and different sessions of concurrent training. The result from this study suggests that adding endurance training to a resistance training protocol impairs lower-body maximal dynamic strength development in trained individuals but not in moderately trained or untrained. The data also show that the impairment appears to increase if concurrent training is performed within the same session. Given these findings, the focus of study II was to investigate the impact of intrasession exercise order during same-session concurrent training in elite team sport athletes. In this study, we show that high-intensity interval training before resistance training reduces power output during resistance training but does not impair maximal strength or power development during a 7-week training intervention. The focus of study III was to examine the reliability of isometric leg press and countermovement jump, two commonly used measurements when assessing strength- and power-related variables in elite team sport athletes. In this study, we demonstrate that isometric leg press and countermovement jump are highly reliable measurements when examining strength- and power-related variables. The findings from study II showed that a reduction in resistance training performance (power output) during same-session concurrent training was visible only when high-intensity interval training was performed before resistance training (study II). The focus of study IV was therefore to investigate the effect of different recovery periods following high-intensity interval training on strength and explosive performance during a power training session in elite team sport athletes. Since isometric leg press and countermovement jump were shown in study III to be highly reliable measurements when assessing strength- and power-related variables in elite team sport athletes, these measurements were used in study IV. In study IV, we demonstrated that high-intensity interval training 10 min prior to power training impairs strength and explosive performance. However, the impairment was no longer present 6 and 24 hours after high-intensity interval training. In conclusion, the present thesis shows that trained individuals are sensitive to concurrent training, and that adding high-intensity interval training prior to resistance training compromises strength and explosive performance during the resistance training session in elite team sport athletes. However, the reduction in training performance does not seem to translate to reduced strength or power development during shorter training periods (<7-weeks). The findings from the present thesis also show that the reduction in training performance can be reduced by performing the resistance training session first or by allowing at least a 6-hour recovery period between sessions. The findings from this thesis provide a foundation for an evidence-based approach when organizing training to enhance performance in elite team sport athletes, and for future work to further examine the effect of concurrent training on this population
Study protocol for a prospective cohort study describing the injury characteristics in elite gymnasts in TeamGym : the Swedish TeamGym Injury Cohort - STIC.
No full textINTRODUCTION: Gymnastics consists of several different disciplines, whereof TeamGym is one. TeamGym is a young discipline with sparse research. The aim of the study is to investigate the injury characteristics in Swedish elite gymnasts competing in TeamGym including training load and other physical and psychological factors associated with injury. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Swedish TeamGym Injury Cohort is a longitudinal prospective cohort study for 52 weeks that includes the junior (15-17 years) and senior (≥18 years) Swedish female and male national teams in TeamGym. A baseline questionnaire will be sent out in an online application (SmartaBase) regarding demographics, previous injuries, gymnastics-related factors, for example, time at elite level and psychosocial factors such as stress, athletic identity, coping skills, personality traits and coach-athlete relation. A weekly questionnaire will be sent out in SmartaBase every Sunday and will monitor injuries using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Questionnaire, gymnastics-related factors, for example, landing surfaces, stress, recovery and training load. A test battery for the lower extremity will be performed. Data for ankle dorsiflexion, hop tests and ankle plantarflexion strength/endurance will be collected. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This project was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2023-06653-01) and is performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences and shared with the Swedish Gymnastics Federation
Influerad eller stimulerad? : Sociala mediers inflytande på matvanor hos unga vuxna med en fysiskt aktiv bakgrund
No full textIntroduktion Levnadsvanor är en viktig bestämningsfaktor för hälsan. I vår tid där sociala medier är ett integrerat faktum finns det anledning att undersöka hur dessa potentiellt inverkar på levnadsvanorna fysisk aktivitet och matvanor, som båda tillhör de påverkbara levnadsvanorna. Detta för att skapa en förståelse för hur den möjliga påverkan upplevs av fysiskt aktiva individer. Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att få förståelse för hur fysiskt aktiva individer i åldern 18–30 år upplever att sociala medier påverkar deras kostvanor samt träningsvanor.MetodStudien har genomförts med kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer inkluderande sex fysiskt aktiva, unga vuxna i åldern 18–30 år, varav tre kvinnor och tre män. Intervjuerna analyserades genom en tematisk analys. Resultat Studien har gett upphov till 4 teman: 1. Påverkan 2. Upplevelser av social media 3. Källkritik och kunskap 4. Främjande av hälsosamma matvanor. Påverkan delades in i subkategorierna positiv och negativ påverkan, där positiv påverkan såsom tips på kost och träning, var ett genomgående resultat. Under temat Upplevelser av social media uppgav deltagarna att de upplevde att algoritmer styrde mycket av flödet, och så uppgav de lite olika typer av innehåll de tittade på, varför detta blev subkategorier. De betonade även vikten av källkritik och kunskap hos den som använder sociala medier, och såg en fara i hur personer utan kunskap om kost och träning skulle kunna tolka det som finns där. Deltagarna ansåg att hälsosamma levnadsvanor skulle kunna främjas med sociala medier. Diskussion och slutsats Deltagarna beskriver en mestadels positiv påverkan men belyser även negativa aspekter av sociala mediers influens på kostvanor och träningsvanor. De tror att sociala medier skulle kunna fungera som ett verktyg för att främja hälsosamma levnadsvanor. En viktig slutsats av deltagarnas utsagor skulle kunna vara att kunskap om kost och träning, samt en god självbild och relation till mat är viktiga faktorer som avgör om inlägg om kost och träning i sociala medier blir något som påverkar positivt eller negativt
The Effects of Mindfulness-Focused Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Elevated Levels of Stress and Symptoms of Exhaustion Disorder : A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackground: Internet-based Cognitive Behavior Therapy (ICBT) and mindfulness interventions are commonly used to treat elevated levels of stress. There are however few high-quality studies that examine ICBT with integrated mindfulness components for symptoms of stress and exhaustion, and the role of mindfulness exercises in digital treatment. Method: The aim of the present study was to evaluate if a mindfulness-focused ICBT-program could reduce symptoms of stress and exhaustion, and increase quality of life, in a randomized controlled trial including 97 self-referred participants between 18 and 65 years who experienced elevated levels of stress. Results: The intervention group had significantly reduced symptoms of stress and exhaustion, and increased quality of life, compared to the control group. Compared with the controls, participants in the intervention group showed a significant improvement with moderate to large effects on the primary outcome measure perceived stress (d = 0.79), and the secondary outcomes, exhaustion (d = 0.65), and quality of life (d = 0.40). Participants in the ICBT group also increased their level of mindfulness (d = 0.66) during the program. The amount of mindfulness training was significantly associated with an increased level of mindfulness, which in turn was significantly associated with reduced stress symptoms. Conclusions: Mindfulness-focused ICBT can be an effective method to reduce stress-related mental health problems and the amount of mindfulness training seems to be of importance to increase the level of experienced mindfulness after treatment