The Nordic Africa Institute
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Sweden and national liberation in Southern Africa. Vol. 1 : Formation of a popular opinion (1950-1970)
No full textIn 1969, the Swedish parliament endorsed a policy of direct assistance to the liberation movements in Southern Africa. Sweden thus became the first Western country to enter into a relationship with organizations that elsewhere in the West were shunned as ‘Communist’ or ‘terrorist’. This book traces the background to the relationship. Presenting the actors and the factors behind the support to MPLA of Angola, FRELIMO of Mozambique, SWAPO of Namibia, ZANU and ZAPU of Zimbabwe and ANC of South Africa, it addresses the question why Sweden established those close relations with the very movements that eventually would assume state power in their respective countries.Contents: Introduction – Sweden after the second world – Foreign affairs and economic relations with Southern Africa – Decolonization and beginnings of Swedish aid – Forerunners of a popular opinion – Sweden in South Africa – Reactions to apartheid -- ANC, boycotts and nascent relations – From popular solidarity to official support – Namibia : from SWANU to SWAPO – To Zimbabwe via Zambia – Sweden, ZANU and ZAPU – Angolan insurrections and Swedish reactions – Towards official support to MPLA – The Mondlanes and FRELIMO of Mozambique – The shadow of Cabora Bassa</p
The path of a genocide : the Rwanda crisis from Uganda to Zaire
No full textThis collection of essays examines the decade (1986-97) that brackets the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, and is both a narrative of that event and a deep reexamination of the international role in ad-dressing humanitarian issues and complex emergencies. Nineteen donor countries and seventeen international organizations have pooled their efforts for an in-depth evaluation of the international response to the conflict in Rwanda.Contents: Part 1. The movement Towards Genocide -- 1. Rwandese Refugees and Immigrants in Uganda / Ogenga Otunnu -- 2. An Historical Analysis of the Invasion by the Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA) / Ogenga Otunnu -- 3. The Role of Zaire in the Rwandese Conflict / Shally B. Gachuruzi -- 4. The Development and Consolidation of Extremist Forces in Rwanda / Joan Kakwenzire and Dixon Kamukama -- 5. Hate Radio in Rwanda / Frank Chalk -- Part 2. Preventive Diplomacy -- 6. The OAU: Conflict Prevention, Management and Resolution / Amare Tekle -- 7. The Arusha Peace Process / Bruce Jones -- 8. French Policy in Rwanda / Agnes Callamard -- 9. Canadian Policy in Rwanda / Howard Adelman -- 10. Rwanda: U.S. Policy and Television Coverage / Steven Livingston and Todd Eachus -- Part 3. Peacekeeping -- 11. U.N. Peacekeeping in Rwanda / Turid Laegreid -- 12. Dilemmas of Protection: The Log of the Kigali Battalion / Astri Suhrke -- 13. In Search of a New Cease-Fire (April-July 1994) / Jacques Castonguay -- 14. Opération Turquoise: A Humanitarian Escape from a Political Dead End / Gérard Prunier -- 15. Protection and Humanitarian Assistance in the Refugee Camps in Zaire: The Problem of Security / Kate Halvorsen -- 16. The Rwandan Genocide and the Collapse of Mobutu´s Kleptocracy / Abbas H. Gnamo</p
Restructuring or de-industrializing? : Zimbabwe's textile and metal industries under structural adjustment
No full textThis report is a contribution to the growing literature on the impact of structural adjustment on the manufacturing sector in Africa and it has the distinction of being one of the first longitudinal surveys assessing the experience of Zimbabwean manufacturers under the country's economic structural adjustment programme (ESAP) from 1990 to 1995. It documents the detailed experiences of selected textile and metal firms under ESAP and concludes that the adjustment framework has caused deindustrialization. ESAP also took a heavy toll on the living and working conditions of manufacturing sector workers. The report makes a strong case for the abandonment of the orthodox structural adjustment framework of industrial restructuring and the pursuit of an alternative approach that is more favourable to the local accumulation of capital.CONTENTS -- Chapter 1: The Manufacturing Sector in Zimbabwe: An Overview -- Chapter 2: Restructuring in the Textile and Metal Industries -- Chapter 3: Change and Conflict in Labour Relations -- Chapter 4: Income Patterns, Living Standard and Coping Strategies -- Chapter 5: Conclusion and Post-Scrip
Cross-border trade and the parallel currency market - trade and finance in the context of structural adjustment : a case study from Kano, Nigeria
No full textA "new regionalism" is gathering pace in West Africa, underpinned by the growing activities of informal cross-border traders. The authors of this study challenge the assumptions of the World Bank that the expansion in informal cross-border trade is a vindication of the market liberalising thrust of structural adjustment, and that adjustment policies have, in an organic manner, improved the effectiveness of an "independent" bourgeoisie that is emerging out of this trade as an agent of regional integration. Instead, they make the case for the adoption of what they call a "development approach" for tapping the benefits of the informal currency markets, as an alternative to the "market coercion" of structural adjustment.CONTENTS -- Introduction -- Theoretical and Methodological Issues -- The Historical Roots of Cross-Border Trade between Nigeria and Niger -- Commodity and Currency Relations in the Development of Cross-Border Trade -- Wapa and Financial Intermediation -- The Organization of the Cross-Border Commodity Trade and the Franc Zone Reforms -- By Way of Conclusion: Adjustment to Integratio
Gender and agricultural supply responses to structural adjustment programmes : a case study of smallholder tea producers in Kericho, Kenya
No full textThis study investigates the gender implications of agricultural sector reform in Kenya. The author focuses on smallholder tea production with the aim of pinpointing the factors that influence the adoption of tea among male and female farmers assessing female farmers' perceptions of the changes in living standards over the research period, and suggesting appropriate policy reforms to ensure that women's interests are taken into account in the design of agricultural reforms
Voting with their feet : migrant Zimbabwean nurses and doctors in the era of structural adjustment
No full textThis research report examines the ways in which medical professionals have responded to the changing environment of work and livelihood in Zimbabwe since the adoption of a structural adjustment programme. Of particular interest are those doctors and nurses who took a decision to migrate from Zimbabwe to Botswana and South Africa in search of "greener" pastures
Union power in the Nigerian textile industry : labour regime and adjustment
No full textNigeria, once a promising and resourceful country, is experiencing economic and political decay. This book highlights the remarkable progress wich has been achieved in spite of this decline. It follows Nigeria´s important textile industry from the heyday of the oilboom through successive phases of adjustment and liberalization. The fo-cus is on the trade unions and the book points to the successful institutionalization of a union-based labour regime. It draws on extensive field work, interviews with managers unionists, workers and massive documentation from internal union sources.Contents: 1. Trade unions and industrial adjustment -- 2. Crisis and adjustments in the textile industry -- 3. Bargaining and coping -- 4. Companies, cities and workers -- 5. Six company cases -- 6. Industrial structure, place and labour regime -- 7. The textile workers union -- 8. The progress of unionization -- 9. Resistance to unionization in Kano -- 10. Militancy and mediation -- 11. Union bureaucracy and the democratic processorkers against the union -- 13. Corporatism, self-organization and industrialization -- 14. Transition – a post-script</p
Södra Afrikas ekonomi : regionalisering och polarisering
No full textSödra Afrika är den region i Afrika som anses ha bäst förutsättning för en snabb utveckling. Samtidigt bromsar arvet från apartheidtiden den politiska stabiliteten och den ekonomiska tillväxten. Syftet med denna skrift är att beskriva södra Afrikas regionala struktur och några av de viktigaste aktörerna som påverkar denna struktur, med fokusering på Sydafrikas överlägsna kapacitet på många områden
Twice humanity : implications for local and global resource use
No full textThis book is the result of the conference "Twice Humanity - Implications for local and global resource use", and consists of select papers which all contribute to the discussion of sustainable development in relation to the growing population and the unbalanced use of resources which will limit our future way of life