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Structural adjustment, agrarian change and rural ethnicity in Nigeria
No full textThe period since the early 1980s when the Nigerian economic crisis began in earnest has coincided with an increase in the incidence of ethnic conflicts in the country. Even the rural areas, previously regarded as spheres of ethnic harmony have not been able to escape the spread of violent inter-communal and inter-ethnic clashes.This report represent an attempt to understand the sources of ethnic tension in contemporary Nigeria. In doing so, the relationship between economic decline, structural adjustment and ethnic clashes is explored. The focus is on the problem of rural ethnicity, a much neglected dimension of ethnicity in Nigeria
Diversification and accumulation in rural Tanzania : anthropological perspectives on village economics
No full textThis study extends the analysis of local complexity to the sphere of the division of labour. The main argument is that the rural producers tend to diversify into multiple sources of income, and generate innovative strategies of straddling between these incomes sources. The main part of this volume consists of the ethnographic analysis of a case study conducted in Lindi district. It is a thought-provoking and theoretically challenging work which reveals how cultural issues penetrate economic practices and modify the outcome of any economic interventions
From Zaire to the Democratic Republic of the Congo
No full textThis paper examines the political and social situation in the DRC since May 1997, together with the prospects for a successful political and social transition. Consistent with the deepest aspirations of the Congolese population, such a transition will succeed if it involves an irreversible development towards multiparty democracy and the full utilisation of the country’s immense resources for economic and social development. In other words, a successful transition is one in which basic freedoms and liberties will be guaranteed through democratic governance and the rule of law, with tangible improvements in living conditions
Private sector response to agricultural marketing liberalisation in Zambia : a case study of Eastern Province maize markets
No full textLiberalisation of the agricultural sector has been a central element in the reform agenda that international financial institutions have been promoting in Africa as part of the structural adjustment programmes that they have designed for the recovery of the continenfs economies. This reform agenda has placed much emphasis on the reduction of the state's role and the encouragement of the private sector within a framework of wider macroeconomic measures to create a more market-friendly environment. This report attempts to examine the efficacy of the agricultural sector reforms that have been implemented in Zambia since 1991/92 when the MMD government of Fred Chiluba was elected to office. It pays particular attention to the extent to which the liberalisation of agricultural marketing has achieved its objectives. On the basis of empirical material gathered in the field, the report demonstrates the limitations of the reform initiative and identifies a number of constraints that have hampered the private sector in playing its role effectively and ensured that the agricultural marketing system remains relatively undeveloped.Contents: 1. Introduction -- 2. Study methods and sites -- 3. The pattern, nature and direction of trade -- 4. Characteristics of key players -- 5. Grain marketing liberalisation: An evaluation -- 6. The social and political foundations of emerging marketing channels -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Appendices</p
Humanitarian aid coordination during war and peace in Mozambique, 1985-1995
No full textIn addition to documenting the forms and mechanisms of aid coordination, this paper reveals how the UN often has worked against itself. The changing policies on the role of the UN in humanitarian crises are followed in the Mozambican context
Small-scale farming, agricultural sector reforms and resource redistribution in the northern province of Zambia
No full textFrån Zaire till Demokratiska republiken Kongo
No full textEn redogörelse för 1997 års händelser i f.d. Zaire och hur en politisk och social förändring kan komma till stånd. Innehåller också en historisk bakgrund till de senaste årens händelser
Haraka, haraka- : look before you leap
No full textA compilation of nine studies from the Reproductive Health Study Group at the University of Dar es Salaam. They highlight the erosion of customary institutions that regulate procreation and express the meaning of gender and marriage. They show the failure of modern education to prepare the young for gendered adulthood. A central tenet of the work is that without an understanding of the dynamics of local customs and attitudes as well as their significance to the people who hold them, change initiated from without becomes ineffective and unsustainable.Contents: 1. Cultural conflicts and ambiguities / Rita Liljeström, Patrick Masanja, Magdalena K. Rwebangira and Ernest J.N. Urassa -- 2. Nyakusa teenage sexuality - past and present / Rosalia S. Katapa -- 3. The erosion of the matrilineal order if the Wamwera / Mary Shuma and Rita Liljeström -- 4. Training by symbolism and imagery - the case of Wagogo and Wayao / Zubeida Tumbo-Masabo -- 5. Teenage mothers in their second pregnancies / Rosalia Katapa -- 6. Boys views on sexuality, girls and pregnancies / Juliana C. Mziray -- 7. Maintenance and care in law and practice / Magdalena K. Rwebangira -- 8. Stome-breakers and brick-lifters aspiring for earnings and families / Mary Ntukula -- 9. Relationships for survival - Young mothers and street youths -- 10. Pregnancy is not the end of education / Alice K. Rugumyamheto -- 11. Reflections / Magdalena K. Rwebangira</p
The politics of opposition in contemporary Africa
No full textThis book is mainly devoted to a discussion of the broad experiences of the opposition parties that have emerged as a part of the movement towards multi-party politics in Africa. The contributors to the book tackle an interesting mix of issues from a critique of opposition politics in the context of the economic decline in Africa to an assessment of the effors made by the opposition to establish an effective presence under extremely difficult circumstances. The book also draws attention to the many internal organisational/leadership problems that have contributed as much to the weakness of the opposition as the machinations of the ruling parties. Ethnicity, religion and regionalism are identified as crucial factors militating against the opposition. Case studies are drawn from Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe.Contents: 1. Economic Crisis, Multipartyism, and Opposition Politics in Contemporary Africa / Adebayo O. Olukoshi -- 2. Contestation over Political Space: The State and the Demobilisation of Opposition Politics in Kenya / Karuti Kanyinga -- 3. Opposition Politics in Zimbabwe: The Struggle within the Struggle / Tandeka C. Nkiwane -- 4. The Senegalese Opposition and its Quest for Power / Aminata Diaw and Mamadou Diouf -- 5. The Rise to Power of an Opposition Party: The MNSD in Niger Republic / Jibrin Ibrahim and Abdoulaye Niandou Souley -- 6. The Dilemmas of Directed Democracy: Neutralising Ugandan Opposition Politics under the NRM / Johan Ssenkumba -- 7. From People´s Politics to State Politics: Aspects of National Liberation in South Africa / Michael Neocosmos -- 8. Political Opposition and Democratic Transitions in Nigeria, 1985-1996 / Osita Agbu </p
The making of a periphery : economic development and cultural encounters in southern Tanzania
No full textWhat makes a periphery? The southeastern corner of Tanzania is officially one of the poorest corners of the world and is always presented as a peripheral area. This volume presents a lively discussion on the making of a periphery. The contributors show the interaction between the perceptions of outsiders, the views of local people, and the actual development efforts. The authors perceive development as a negotiated and contested field. Culture is not considered a factor constraining development but is seen rather as an engine which, due to the plurarlity of local and outsider cultures, sets the parameters for the battle. The volume include chapters on the major local economic sectors, social development, and cultural debates. In each chapter, the making of periphery is addressed from a different perspective