RISE – Research Institutes of Sweden
Not a member yet
7718 research outputs found
Sort by
Milling or grinding for manufacturing of an Alloy 718 gas turbine component? : - A comparison of surface integrity and productivity
No full textMilling is traditionally the most used machining method when manufacturing complex gas turbine components. In particular those made from nickel-based superalloys. However, for larger free form surfaces, grinding may be an efficient alternative that could be used throughout the complete manufacturing route, from roughing to finishing. Hence, in this work the two processing methods has been compared in regard to surface integrity and productivity. Machining tests have been performed on case plates of heat-treated Alloy 718 using best practise setting for roughing and finishing with grinding and milling. The surface integrity of the work pieces was evaluated regarding surface topography, residual stresses, and deformation. This comparison showed that the main advantage with grinding is the ability to switch between roughing and finishing by just altering the depth of cut. Further, grinding offers lower surface roughness, compressive residual stresses, and significantly lower degree of deformation. From a productivity perspective, deep grinding may offer high material removal rates and ability to machine several work pieces in the same setup. However, grinding is limited to simpler free form geometries and may result in minor surface damages and abrasive surface residue. For selection of machining strategy, advantages and drawbacks shown in this work need to be considered for the application at hand in respect to productivity, surface integrity and requirements on fatigue life. The authors acknowledge VINNOVA for funding this work through the project GrindForm (ref. no. 2019-05833).</p
Model systems for clarifying the effects of surface modification on fibre–fibre joint strength and paper mechanical properties
No full textThe growing demand for sustainable products has spurred research into renewable materials, with cellulose-based materials emerging as prominent candidates due to their exceptional properties, abundance, and wide-ranging applications. In this context, there is a need to develop a better fundamental understanding of cellulose interactions such that we can continue to design and improve sustainable materials. Individual interactions can be difficult to assess in bulk fibre-based materials and therefore cellulose model materials have become indispensable tools for researchers as they can facilitate the study of cellulose interactions at a molecular level enabling the design of sustainable materials with enhanced properties. This study presents a new methodology for studying the effects of surface treatments on the individual fibre–fibre joint strength using wet-spun cellulose nanofiber (CNF) filaments as model materials. The Layer-by-Layer assembly technique is used to modify the surface chemistry of the model materials as well as bleached and unbleached hardwood Kraft fibres, demonstrating its potential to enhance adhesive properties and overall mechanical performance of papers made from these fibres. The study further explores the impact of increasing network density through wet-pressing during paper preparation, showcasing a comprehensive approach to molecularly tailor fibre-based materials to achieve superior mechanical properties. The proposed methodology provides a time-efficient evaluation of chemical additives in paper preparation. The authors gratefully acknowledge Stora Enso and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation for funding the research through the Biocomposite Program.</p
Highly parallelized laboratory evolution of wine yeasts for enhanced metabolic phenotypes
No full textAdaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) of microorganisms can improve the efficiency of sustainable industrial processes important to the global economy. However, stochasticity and genetic background effects often lead to suboptimal outcomes during laboratory evolution. Here we report an ALE platform to circumvent these shortcomings through parallelized clonal evolution at an unprecedented scale. Using this platform, we evolved 104 yeast populations in parallel from many strains for eight desired wine fermentation-related traits. Expansions of both ALE replicates and lineage numbers broadened the evolutionary search spectrum leading to improved wine yeasts unencumbered by unwanted side effects. At the genomic level, evolutionary gains in metabolic characteristics often coincided with distinct chromosome amplifications and the emergence of side-effect syndromes that were characteristic of each selection niche. Several high-performing ALE strains exhibited desired wine fermentation kinetics when tested in larger liquid cultures, supporting their suitability for application. More broadly, our high-throughput ALE platform opens opportunities for rapid optimization of microbes which otherwise could take many years to accomplish.This work was sponsored by the ERASysAPP project WINESYS (the GermanMinistry of Education and Research grant no. 031A605; the Research Council ofNorway (Norges Forskningsråd) grant no. 245160, the Swedish Research Councilgrant no. 325-2014-6547) and by the Ministry of Science, Innovation andUniversities, Spain (España, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciòn (MCIN)) (ProjectCoolWine, PCI2018-092962), under the call ERANET ERA COBIOTECH. PJacknowledges funding from the Academy of Finland, decision numbers 310514,314125, and 329930. KRP received funding from the European Research Council(ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovationprogramme (Grant Agreement No. 866028). We acknowledge the support of he Genomics core facilities at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory(Heidelberg, Germany)</p
Multiple factors shape social contacts in dairy cows
No full textCattle develop preferential relationships with other individuals in the herd. These social interactions between individuals have a significant impact on both animal welfare and production. Given the relevance of social behaviour in dairy cattle, scientific studies have focused on understanding social interactions among cattle. These may also be influenced by individual area preferences, particularly when animals are housed in confined spaces. Therefore, investigating the relationship between individual area preferences and social interactions is essential for understanding social behaviour in dairy cattle. Real-time location systems provide the opportunity to monitor individual area preferences and social contacts at the same time. This study aims to assess the impact of dairy cows’ area preferences on their daily social contacts and to determine the potential implications of overlooking individual area preferences in social behaviour studies. The individual position of the lactating cows was automatically collected once per second for two months on a Swedish commercial farm housing dairy cows inside a free-stall barn. The location data of 243 lactating cows was used to construct the social networks and to estimate the similarity of the area utilisation distributions between these individuals. The effect of utilisation distribution similarity in social networks was investigated by applying separable temporal exponential random graph mixed models. The role of different cow characteristics in the similarity of the utilisation distributions was assessed through a linear mixed model. Our analyses stressed the importance of similarity of area preference, parity, kindergarten effect, and filial relatedness in shaping daily social contacts in dairy cattle. The kindergarten effect refers to the effect on cow behaviour of being grouped together in the early stages of their lives. Similarity of area preference was influenced by the kindergarten effect and relatedness by pedigree, which favoured interactions between these individuals. The described approach allowed to disassociate the area preference from the social contacts between cows, providing more accurate results of the importance of the cow’s characteristics on their social behaviour. This project was funded by Formas – a Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development, Stockholm, Sweden (ID: 2019–02276 and 2019–02111) and by the Kjell & Märta Beijer Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden. </p
Hygienisering i biogasanläggningar – Förslag till fler nationella standardmetoder
No full textHygienisation at biogas plants – Proposal for additional national standard methods To be able to merchandise manure or digestate, the material must be sanitized to en-sure infection control. Swedish biogas facilities today have the choice between using one of two standard methods (at least 1 h at 70 °C, or 10 h at 52 °C) or going through a costly validation process if using alternative parameters. The main aim of this project has been to increase the profitability in the handling of biofertilizers by developing ad-ditional approved national standard methods for hygienization and thereby simplify the validation process. To achieve this, we have conducted interviews with stakeholders to find out which hygienisation parameters are most interesting for them. We have also compared the situation in other European countries and quantitatively and qualitative-ly reviewed scientific studies considering hygiene and inactivation data of microorgan-isms. However, the largest part of the project was laboratory studies where we generat-ed novel inactivation data for the heat-tolerant bacterium Salmonella Senftenberg W775 at different temperatures and time intervals. The requirement for an approved hygienisation is a 5-log reduction of the bacteria. The choice of input parameters in the lab studies was based on literature as well as on the interviews where often preference for hygienization at lower temperature was expressed to save energy and to avoid the need to adapt the equipment to higher temperatures. Another request that emerged from the interviews was that, in connection with empty-ing vessels, they want to avoid leaving bottom sediment for destruction, which is a cost-ly procedure. Therefore, we have investigated the inactivation data of the roundworm Ascaris suum using limestome combined with heat treatment. Based on our results, we propose the establishment of the following methods as new Swedish national methods for hygienisation: 1. Heat treatment of substrate for 3.5 hours at 60 °C 3 2. Heat treatment of substrate for 1 hour at 65 °C 3 3. Heat treatment of pure, source-separated food waste for 1 hour at 52 °C 4. Addition of at least 5 mass-% of lime (CaO) to bottom sediment4, and ensuring a temperature of at least 65 °C for at least 15 minutes. Our assessment and recommendation are that the Swedish regulating authority can use the data regarding proposed treatment methods to approve new or existing biogas plants without the need to carry out a complete validation process including in-situ killing trials.Ett stort och varmt tack riktas också till finansiären Stiftelsen JTI och Avfall Sverige som gjorde det möjligt för oss att genomföra detta arbete.</p
Explorative Life Cycle Assessment of a Wood-Derived Graphene Manufactured by Laser-Induced Process
No full textGraphene is an exciting novel material that possesses incredible characteristics, including high electrical and thermal conductivity, lightweight, flexibility and exceptional strength. It would be useful in many diverse applications but the high cost of producing graphene is an obstacle to large-scale production. A novel method to produce wood-derived graphene through Laser-Induced Graphitization (LIG) has been developed as a sustainable alternative to its fossil precursor. This study aims at addressing this method´s environmental sustainability by comparing it to the fossil-derived precursors. Therefore, an explorative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is adopted to compare the environmental impact of the new production method to multiple types of fossil-derived graphene production. The study is a Cradle-to-Gate LCA with a declared unit of 1 kg produced graphene in liquid suspension which assesses 18 midpoint impact categories. Key findings indicate that while wood-derived LIG graphene shows potential for reduced environmental impacts, key challenges remain in optimizing energy efficiency and material inputs. The novel method´s hotspot is highlighted as the large use of electricity especially during laser graphitization followed by material inputs such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Sensitivity and scenario analyses highlight the importance of parameter optimization in the production process to minimize environmental burdens. This research contributes to the sustainable materials field by identifying critical areas for improvement in the LIG process and providing a foundation for future studies aimed at enhancing the environmental performance of wood-derived LIG graphene production
Fire Risk Model for Fires in Ro-Ro Ship Ro-Ro Spaces
No full textIn recent years, fire accidents on Ro-Ro ships have led to numerous fatalities and significant economic losses. The response of the crew and the ship's protection systems are crucial in managing these incidents and mitigating their consequences. To assess fire safety improvements, this study has focused on developing and quantifying a risk model that captures the dynamics of a fire starting in a Ro-Ro space. Various risk modelling techniques were reviewed to construct the model, which was then quantified using historical data, simulations, and expert judgments. A Delphi-based, fully digital approach to expert elicitation was introduced, utilizing Microsoft Teams and Microsoft Excel-based questionnaires. This method ensured full anonymity for the experts, reducing the risk of group bias and eliminating the need for travel. To enhance understanding and verify the results, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were performed. They revealed that the potential loss of life deviated, with 90% confidence, from the calculated mean value by less than 26%. Overall, the questionnaire-based method proved effective for expert elicitation and for quantifying nodes in the risk model, demonstrating its utility in the risk assessment process.The research presented has been financed as part of the LASH FIRE project (Legislative Assessment for Safety Hazards of Fire and Innovations in Ro-Ro Ship Environment, www.lashfire.eu), funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 814975. </p
Future of AD - In Sweden
No full textAutomatiserade transporter har potential att minska trängsel och miljöbelastning och att öka trafiksäkerhet. Länder som USA, Kina, Norge, och Tyskland har alla pilotprojekt eller kommersiell drift av autonoma fordon för persontransport. I Sverige har flera piloter genomförts med mindre sofistikerad självkörning.Syftet med det här projektet var att analysera de hinder och möjliggörare som finns för en storskalig implementering av automatiserade transporter i Sverige och målet med projektet var att erbjuda Vinnova rekommendationer för att stötta införande av automatiserade transporter i SverigeProjektet inkluderade litteraturstudier, workshops, och intervjuer. Litteraturstudien visade att många initiativ fokuserat på möjliggörande teknologier inom automatiserade transporter i Sverige. Tidigare forskningsprojekt som fokuserat på kartläggning har identifierat viktiga hinder såsom otydlighet kring aktörsansvar och behovet av koordinerad samverkan. Framgångsrika internationella exempel, som Hamburgs samarbete med MOIA, kan tjäna som modell för svenska implementeringar. Det brittiska ramverket för autonoma fordon kan också ge vägledning för svensk lagstiftning.Projektet genererade en lista med rekommendationer för Vinnova. Fyra potentiella strategier för Sveriges roll inom automatiserade transporter identifierades och speglas i näringspolitiska och trafikpolitiska perspektiv. Fokus ligger i dessa strategier på att antingen attrahera internationella företag, genomföra stora effektfulla demonstrationsprojekt, stärka inhemska innovationer, eller att avvakta med AD.Vinnova 20024-00205Future of A
YardCDM Demonstrationsprojekt - Slutrapport : Ett samarbete mellan Trafikverket, RISE, Green Cargo, Hector Rail, DB Cargo, Mertz
No full texto Projektet har bidragit med en samsyn mellan aktörerna av vad som kan och behöver utbytas i form av data i syfte att åstadkomma en samlad lägesbild, uppbyggd av aktörers intentioner, omplaneringar, faktisk status för aktiviteter i och kring Malmö Gods Bangård, MGB. Genom att skapa bättre beslutsunderlag baserat på konceptet YardCDM (Yard Collaborative Decision Making), i realtid bidrar detta till förbättrad samordning och effektivitet på MGB. MGB är en komplex järnvägsnod - dels pga att det är en säckbangård, har en kombiterminal samt att MGB trafikeras av intermodala tåg till och från Danmark. Målet har varit att utvärdera nyttan av digital samverkan genom att analysera olika användningsfall genom demonstratorer, vilket ska inspirera aktörer att dela data i realtid på ett standardiserat sätt, och se på vilka sätt de bidrar till bättre samordning och effektivitet. Metoden LivingLab Approach har använts för att utveckla och testa olika koncept/användningsfall för digital samverkan. Konceptet YardCDM har utvecklats i samverkan med involverade aktörer på MGB, vilket leder till ett väl förankrat koncept som visar fördelarna med ett digitaliserat järnvägssystem, och ger aktörer möjlighet att växa i digital mognad och innovationsförmåga. Ett exempel på resultat är från användningsfallet LOKVÄXLING, där lokväxlaren digitalt via en smartphone erhåller ”sin loklista” och i den kan utföra sina arbetsuppgifter och löpande rapportera arbetsmomenten. På detta sätt blir alla som behöver realtidsinformation kring loken informerade löpande t.ex. personal på MGB men även den centrala lokledningen för de olika operatörerna t. ex. green cargo. Tidigare skrev lokväxlaren ut listan på ett papper i det så kallade ”blå huset” och kunde sedan först efter både en och två timmar vara tillbaka och mata in aktuell status på den datorn. Även råd och riktlinjer för framtida implementation av YardCDM-koncept har utarbetats
Variability of the chemical composition of Dendrocalamus giganteus in relation to growth stage
No full textBamboo is a renewable bioresource with extensive applications, from construction to textiles, and is essential for bioenergy and eco-friendly practices. Despite its potential use in biorefineries, the utilization of abundant species like Dendrocalamus giganteus is hindered by a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding its chemical composition at various growth stages. In this study, we addressed this gap by quantifying the holocellulose, lignin and extractive contents of D. giganteus from the tropical forests of Bangladesh. We examined the composition across different ages and heights, assessing the solubility of holocellulose, lignin and extractive contents, with a view to enhance the use of D. giganteus in biorefinery industries. We analyzed chemical composition and assessed the solubility using both hot and cold water, as well as conducting 1 % NaOH (caustic soda) solubility tests following the TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) standards. The holocellulose, lignin, and extractive content increased with the increase age of the bamboo. These components also increased with increasing height, regardless of age. The solubility in water and NaOH, on the other hand, decreased with the increasing age and height positions. The top of 4-year-old bamboo exhibited the highest levels of holocellulose (70.2 %), lignin (29.7 %), and extractive components (6.9 %), but the lowest solubilities in hot water (6.18 %), cold water (3.58 %) and caustic soda (22.48 %). These findings suggest that D. giganteus has potential applications in specific industries, such as pulp and paper, nanocellulose, bioethanol, biochemicals and bio-based composites.The authors wish to thank Regional Bamboo Research and Training Center (RBRTC) project, for providing financial support to carry out the above R&D work.</p