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Measurement corrections for temperature effects in Coriolis mass flow meters for cryogenic, liquid hydrogen (LH2) applications
No full textTo link traceable flow calibrations of Coriolis meters at ambient conditions to flow measurements in cryogenic, liquid hydrogen (LH2) applications, physical effects of very low temperatures on the calibration factor must be satisfactorily predicted by temperature correction methods. In this paper, four correction models are investigated, which differ in the sense of which temperature effects they cover and how these effects are determined. These correction models were applied to three Coriolis meter designs – straight, arc and U-tube. As a reference value in the evaluation, we use the simulation results with the finite element model that incorporates temperature effects related to elastic material properties, thermal strains and thermal stresses. The best agreement (within ± 0.2 % for the curved tubes) is achieved by the correction model that considers the known temperature dependence of the tube elastic properties as well as the dimensional changes due to thermal strain. This work was supported through the Joint Research Project (JRP) “Metrology infrastructure for high-pressure gas and liquified hydrogen flows” (20IND11 MetHyInfra). This project has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. This project has also received funding from the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding no. P2-0223) and the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy of the Netherlands. </p
Make Split, not Hijack : Preventing Feature-Space Hijacking Attacks in Split Learning
No full textThe popularity of Machine Learning (ML) makes the privacy of sensitive data more imperative than ever. Collaborative learning techniques like Split Learning (SL) aim to protect client data while enhancing ML processes. Though promising, SL has been proved to be vulnerable to a plethora of attacks, thus raising concerns about its effectiveness on data privacy. In this work, we introduce a hybrid approach combining SL and Function Secret Sharing (FSS) to ensure client data privacy. The client adds a random mask to the activation map before sending it to the servers. The servers cannot access the original function but instead work with shares generated using FSS. Consequently, during both forward and backward propagation, the servers cannot reconstruct the client’s raw data from the activation map. Furthermore, through visual invertibility, we demonstrate that the server is incapable of reconstructing the raw image data from the activation map when using FSS. It enhances privacy by reducing privacy leakage compared to other SL-based approaches where the server can access client input information. Our approach also ensures security against feature space hijacking attack, protecting sensitive information from potential manipulation. Our protocols yield promising results, reducing communication overhead by over 2× and training time by over 7× compared to the same model with FSS, without any SL. Also, we show that our approach achieves > 96% accuracy and remains equivalent to the plaintext models. Conference name: 29th ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies, SACMAT 2024; Conference date: 15 May 2024 through 17 May 2024; Conference code: 200615; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open AccessThis work was funded by the HARPOCRATES EU research project (No. 101069535) and the Technology Innovation Institute (TII), UAE, for the project ARROWSMITH.</p
Eco-Friendly fabrication of nanoplastic particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates
No full textPlastic pollution poses a critical global environmental challenge, and within this context, nanoplastics (NPs), the smallest plastic fragments, remain poorly understood. The progress in studying NP toxicity and developing analytical methods highly depends on access to well-defined NP materials. Herein, a straightforward and eco-friendly method for fabricating NP particles and fibrils using polymer blends as templates is presented. The process began with blending plastics with a water-soluble polymer (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)), followed by the dissolution of the PVA matrix in water and the isolation of the NPs through a two-stage filtration process. NP materials from three widely used plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, were prepared, underscoring the versatility of this method. The resulting NPs were primarily submicron in size, and their size distribution was tuned by varying the blend ratio. Furthermore, by incorporating a stretch operation during the extrusion, the NP shape could be varied, enabling the fabrication of NP fibril materials. This method, which does not rely heavily on specialized equipment and avoids the use of harsh solvents, offers a viable and eco-friendly approach to fabricating NP samples suitable for a broad range of research applications. Financial support from the Formas Research Council [grant no. 2023-01416 to M. Hedenqvist and X. Wei], National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52002401 , to Z. Feng) and the Independent Innovation Research Project of China University of Petroleum (East China) (No. 20CX06003A , to Z. Feng) is gratefully acknowledged.</p
Towards the circular car: Possible future states for Sweden's car fleet in 2045
No full textTransportation accounts for almost one third of Sweden’s greenhouse gas emissions, of which passenger cars account for 61% (Fossil Free Sweden, 2020). However, the shift towards more sustainable mobility has accelerated in recent years, and Swedish car manufacturers have set ambitious targets for reduction. This shift is promising but implies great system-wide change including the development of new (or reformed) circular business ecosystems and business models to maximize resource effectiveness of the passenger car fleet over the whole product life cycle. To activate and coordinate this circular transformation of the car fleet, many aspects need to be considered in parallel with a systemic approach throughout the value chain. In a current project we aim to support new and established actors across the value chain to enable the development of a circular car towards 2045 through a systems perspective. The project, funded by Sweden's Innovation Agency Vinnova with support from FFI (Strategic Vehicle Research and Innovation), a collaborative program between the Swedish state and the automotive industry, involves nearly 20 partners from various stages of the car value chain. Building upon systems and trend analyses carried out in a 2023 pre-study, project partners have been engaged in a foresight process during the spring of 2024 to develop scenarios that describe different possible future states for Sweden's car fleet in 2045. Serving as input to subsequent work within the project (e.g., life cycle assessments and setting action plans), the scenarios will support the industry's transformation and help anticipate the needs for further collaboration across the value chain. The scenarios will guide and inform stakeholders of possible future threats and opportunities to better plan and make strategic priorities towards the future, allowing for the transition to a car fleet adapted for circularity
Availability and Need for Climate Footprint and Resilience Data from Suppliers in Automotive Supply Chains
No full textThis paper explores the challenges and opportunities of managing supply chain data for environmental sustainability and resilience in the automotive and vehicle manufacturing industry. It presents empirics from measuring and improving the climate footprint, based on data from interviews and workshops with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and suppliers, and compares concepts of resilience of supply chains. The paper focuses on the early phases of supply chain interaction, such as supplier selection and request for quota, when specific product data is often unavailable or estimated. It discusses the trade-offs and conflicts between the needs and availability of climate footprint and related supplier data, such as localization, energy supply, material supply and transportation. It also highlights the importance of data regarding recycled contents, materials, and energy in the supply chain. The paper is connected to projects funded by the EU and Vinnova that aim to enhance the competitive sustainability and resilience of the industry.Conference name: 11th Swedish Production Symposium, SPS2024; Conference date: 23 April 2024 through 26 April 2024; Conference code: 198802; This research was possible thanks to the projects ReAl financed by Vinnova Production 2030 and Competitive Sustainability for SMEs financed by EU Regional funds through Swedish Tillväxtverket. The research is connected to area of advance - Production, at Chalmers University of Technology and to RISE XPRES, centre of eXellence in Production RESearch, collaboration with KTH and MDU.</p
Ultrasensitive sequencing of STR markers utilizing unique molecular identifiers and the SiMSen-Seq method
No full textMassively parallel sequencing (MPS) is increasingly applied in forensic short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. The presence of stutter artefacts and other PCR or sequencing errors in the MPS-STR data partly limits the detection of low DNA amounts, e.g., in complex mixtures. Unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) have been applied in several scientific fields to reduce noise in sequencing. UMIs consist of a stretch of random nucleotides, a unique barcode for each starting DNA molecule, that is incorporated in the DNA template using either ligation or PCR. The barcode is used to generate consensus reads, thus removing errors. The SiMSen-Seq (Simple, multiplexed, PCR-based barcoding of DNA for sensitive mutation detection using sequencing) method relies on PCR-based introduction of UMIs and includes a sophisticated hairpin design to reduce unspecific primer binding as well as PCR protocol adjustments to further optimize the reaction. In this study, SiMSen-Seq is applied to develop a proof-of-concept seven STR multiplex for MPS library preparation and an associated bioinformatics pipeline. Additionally, machine learning (ML) models were evaluated to further improve UMI allele calling. Overall, the seven STR multiplex resulted in complete detection and concordant alleles for 47 single-source samples at 1 ng input DNA as well as for low-template samples at 62.5 pg input DNA. For twelve challenging mixtures with minor contributions of 10 pg to 150 pg and ratios of 1–15% relative to the major donor, 99.2% of the expected alleles were detected by applying the UMIs in combination with an ML filter. The main impact of UMIs was a substantially lowered number of artefacts as well as reduced stutter ratios, which were generally below 5% of the parental allele. In conclusion, UMI-based STR sequencing opens new means for improved analysis of challenging crime scene samples including complex mixtures. © 2024 The AuthorsWe thank Froste Svensson for input on the bioinformatics pipeline and Nelly Gyll\u00F6 Lind and Markus Andr\u00E9 Soma for practical assistance in pre-studies. This study was funded by VINNOVA: Project title \u201CUltrak\u00E4nsliga analyser f\u00F6r b\u00E4ttre h\u00E4lsa och kriminalteknik (ULTRA-UDI)\u201D and reference number 2020\u201304141, and V\u00E4stra G\u00F6talandsregionen RUN 2021\u201300059. Anders St\u00E5hlberg was funded by Region V\u00E4stra G\u00F6taland; Swedish Cancer Society [22\u20132080]; Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation [2022\u20130030]; Swedish Research Council [2021\u201301008]; the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement [965065]; Sweden's Innovation Agency [2018\u201300421, 2020\u201304141] and the Sj\u00F6berg Foundation. Points of view in this document are those of the NIST-affiliated authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Certain equipment, instruments, software, or materials are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement of any product or service by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. All work performed at NIST has been reviewed and approved by the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology Research Protections Office. This study was determined to be \u201Cnot human subjects research\u201D (often referred to as research not involving human subjects) as defined in U. S. Department of Commerce Regulations, 15 CFR 27, also known as the Common Rule (45 CFR 46, Subpart A), for the Protection of Human Subjects by the NIST Human Research Protections Office and therefore not subject to oversight by the NIST Institutional Review Board (MML-16\u20130080). All data handling performed in Sweden was done in accordance with approval no 2023\u201305921\u20131 from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. A.S. is co-inventor of the SiMSen-Seq technology that is patent protected (U.S. Serial No.:15/552,618). A.S. declares stock ownership and is a board member in Tulebovaasta, Iscaff Pharma and SiMSen Diagnostics. G.J. declares employment and stock ownership in SiMSen Diagnostics.</p
Proceedings of FSF 2024. The 4th International Symposium on Fire Safety of Facades 2024 : 10-12 June 2024. Lund, Sweden
No full textAstrobiological Potential of Rocks Acquired by the Perseverance Rover at a Sedimentary Fan Front in Jezero Crater, Mars
No full textThe Perseverance rover has collected seven oriented samples of sedimentary rocks, all likely older than the oldest signs of widespread life on Earth, at the exposed base of the western fan in Jezero crater, Mars. The samples include a sulfate- and clay-bearing mudstone and sandstone, a fluvial sandstone from a stratigraphically low position at the fan front, and a carbonate-bearing sandstone deposited above the sulfate-bearing strata. All samples contain aqueously precipitated materials and most or all were aqueously deposited. Although the rover instruments have not confidently detected organic matter in the rocks from the fan front, the much more sensitive terrestrial instruments will still be able to search for remnants of prebiotic chemistries and past life, and study Mars’s past habitability in the samples returned to Earth. The hydrated, sulfate-bearing mudstone has the highest potential to preserve organic matter and biosignatures, whereas the carbonate-bearing sandstones can be used to constrain when and for how long Jezero crater contained liquid water. Returned sample science analyses of sulfate, carbonate, clay, phosphate and igneous minerals as well as trace metals and volatiles that are present in the samples acquired at the fan front would provide transformative insights into past habitable environments on Mars, the evolution of its magnetic field, atmosphere and climate and the past and present cycling of atmospheric and crustal water, sulfur and carbon
Nog?!
No full textProjekt: Enough!? Exploring sufficient and fair energy use through design. Forskningsfinansiär: Energimyndigheten. This magazine is produced as a provotype within the NOG!? project. We have used the magazine as a provotype within the NOG!? project to learn about how households in Sweden reflect on and could practice sufficiency.</p
Navigera framtiden: Dialogverktyg för hållbarhetsomställning
No full textNavigera fram.den: Dialogverktyg för hållbarhetsomställning är framtaget inom ramen för FINEST – Food Innovation Enabling Sustainable Transition, ett projekt om livsmedelsinnovation som möjliggör hållbar omställning. Finansierat av Formas.</p