RISE – Research Institutes of Sweden
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Lab-in-a-Fiber detection and capture of cells
No full textA lab-in-a-fiber component was fabricated using an optical fiber and a fiber capillary. It was used in a test suspension of fluorescently labeled and unlabeled cells and enabled detection of the labeled cells. Subsequently the labeled cells were selectively collected via suction into the capillary. A novel sampling technique reduced photobleaching of the labeled cells, extending the measurement time. The collected cells remained viable for downstream analysis. This platform’s low fabrication cost, simplicity, compatibility with standard laboratory equipment, and capacity for fully automated cell capture highlights its potential for future applications in minimally invasive sample collection and point-of-care diagnostics. We demonstrate this LiF device to showcase the capability of optical fiber technology in creating low-cost, low-complexity cancer diagnostic devices. Furthermore, the LiF device holds promise for in vivo diagnostics, facilitating cell isolation and analysis. The authors thank the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) for funding this collaborative research work with research grant number 2021–03413 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brazil proj. 442933-2023.</p
A climate and population dependent diffusion model forecasts the spread of Aedes Albopictus mosquitoes in Europe
No full textAedes albopictus, a key vector for Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and Yellow Fever, is expanding its range beyond its tropical and subtropical origins, driven by suitable climate, population mobility, trade, and urbanization. Since its introduction to Europe, Ae. albopictus has rapidly spread and triggered recurrent outbreaks. Past model attempts have handled vector suitability and vector introduction as independent drivers. Here we develop a highly predictive spatio-temporal vector diffusion model based on climate suitability and human population predictors, integrated in one simultaneous framework. The model explains how short- and long-range spread of Ae. albopictus interacts with vector suitability, predicting areas of presence or absence with high accuracy (99% and 79%). These results show that the expansion of Ae. albopictus in Europe is predictable and provide a basis for anticipating future outbreaks in situations of dependent interacting co-drivers. The study received support from the Swedish research council Vinnova through the CLAIRE project (ref 2020-03367).</p
Review and analysis of porous adsorbents for effective CO2 capture
No full textThe escalating global concern about the expansion of CO2 emissions and its profound consequences on climate change underscores the critical need for robust CO2 capture materials. The core objective of this review was to conduct a comprehensive survey of recent advancements in CO2 capture, with a focus on porous materials, including metal-organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, zeolites, metal oxides/metalloids, porous polymers, derived carbons, and (biochar, sludge, ash), as documented in the reported studies from 2017 onwards. By considering the CO2 adsorption capacity as the most important property, an up-to-date database of CO2 capture capacities in various porous adsorbents was provided, and other properties, such as selectivity, surface area, pore size/volume, recyclability, etc., for the promising adsorbents were further discussed. Furthermore, the issues on the mechanism, commercial viability (adsorbents cost and upscaling), environmental concerns and future directions (3D printing, artificial intelligence) were discussed. This review serves as an invaluable resource, guiding future investigations in this field and contributing to ongoing efforts to mitigate CO2 emissions. This work was supported by the Swedish Energy Agency (2020-90040). The authors also thank the financial support from STINT (CH2019-8287) and the Swedish Research Council (2020–03899).</p
AI Safety Assurance in Electric Vehicles: A Case Study onAI-Driven SOC Estimation
No full textIntegrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in electric vehicles (EV) introduces unique challenges for safety assurance, particularly within the framework of ISO 26262, which governs functional safety in the automotive domain. Traditional assessment methodologies are not geared toward evaluating AI-based functions and require evolving standards and practices. This paper explores how an independent assessment of an AI component in an EV can be achieved when combining ISO 26262 with the recently released ISO/PAS 8800, whose scope is AI safety for road vehicles. The AI-driven State of Charge (SOC) battery estimation exemplifies the process. Key features relevant to the independent assessment of this extended evaluation approach are identified. As part of the evaluation, robustness testing of the AI component is conducted using fault injection experiments, wherein perturbed sensor inputs are systematically introduced to assess the component's resilience to input variance.SUNRISE 101069573RELIANT 2022013
POTENTIAL OF FAST FIRE SPREAD IN LARGE COMPARTMENTS WITH EXPOSED TIMBER
No full textAlthough research on wooden materials has been carried out for decades, there is still a lack of test data for really large experiments, and especially with high ceiling heights. This is problematic as CLT now is used in a variety of different rooms, including open-plan offices, lobbies, canteens, dwellings, kindergartens, schools, etc. In other words, the great variation in the use of CLT, including room size, geometry, and orientation, challenges the current understanding of how exposed CLT affects a fire in really large compartments. This paper presents some unpublished experimental data of a large-scale auditorium test in a wooden corner configuration, and insights from the fire development of a fire in a school gym with several wooden surfaces
Från avlopp till resurs – morgondagens cirkulära system : Publik Slutrapport
No full textFrån avlopp till resurs – morgondagens cirkulära system har varit ett samverkansprojekt med finansiering från Vinnova och Impact Innovation-programmet Water Wise Societies. Projektet har verkat för att bygga samverkansforum och ökat samarbete med fokus på växtnäringsåtervinning från avlopp. En utgångspunkt har varit den befintliga plattformen som Svenska näringsplattformen utgör, men i projektet har ytterligare viktiga aktörer deltagit och bidragit. Arbetet har varit framsynsfokuserat och jobbat med en systemanalytisk approach kring ökad näringsåterföring från avlopp. Projektet har samlat en stor mängd aktörer och arbetet har främst utgått från dialoger och workshops. En vision har arbetats fram och förslag för fortsatt utveckling inom området har tagits fram som projektets huvudsakliga leverans.Detta projekt har utförts med hjälp av finansiering från Water Wise Societies. Utlysningen hette ”Samverkan för hållbart vatten 2050” och Vinnova var ansvarig myndighet. Parter i projektet har varit RISE, IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet (IVL), Ecoloop, Linköpings universitet och WRS samt VA-organisationerna Käppalaförbundet, Stockholm Vatten och Avfall (SVOA), Nordvästra Skånes Vatten och Avlopp (NSVA), Roslagsvatten och VA SYD.</p
Kvantifiering av Resiliens : För att identifiera och säkra resiliens, med exempel för tillämpning med AI
No full textDenna rapport presenterar en skalbar metod för att kvantifiera resiliens i produktionssystem genom att uttryckligen kombinera mjuka (organisatoriska) och hårda (tekniska) aspekter per faktor n:Rn = Mn × Hn, med totalresiliens T = ∏Rn. Tolkningen kopplas till fyra tidsmarkörer som beskriver störningens förlopp och återhämtning (tF–tD–tR–t₀), vilket gör att både fördröjningsförmåga (tD−tF) och återställningsförmåga (t₀−tR) kan följas upp i drift. Metoden testas på en mobil produktionsenhet för ansiktsmasker i tre scenarier (oförberedd, riskförberedd, riskminimerad). Resultatet visar ett tydligt lyft i totalresiliens från cirka 10⁻⁶ (Scenario 1) till cirka 6,4×10⁻² (Scenario 3), där den största effekten kommer av att eliminera “resiliensnollor” (svagaste länkar), bygga oberoende hårda grenar och höja kompetenstäckning/övning. Varför detta spelar roll. Resiliens beskrivs ofta via “resilienskurvan/-triangeln” (prestanda över tid vid störning och återhämtning), men konkreta, vardagsanpassade kvantifieringar som kopplar organisationsförmåga × teknisk robusthet till ett samlat mått T saknas ofta i praktiken. Vårt bidrag är en operationalisering som förenar dessa perspektiv i ett enkelt men kraftfullt mått, nära kopplat till mätbara tider i driften (tF, tD, tR, t₀). Detta kompletterar etablerade sätt att beskriva resilienskurvor över tid och gör dem handlingsbara i den enskilda produktionscellen. Vad vi faktiskt visar. På ansiktsmasklinan demonstrerar vi hur:• enstaka mycket svaga aspekter (t.ex. PLC (digital styrenhet: Programmable Logic Controller)-back-up eller materialförsörjning) kan kollapsa helhetengenom multiplikationen (Rn≈0 ⇒ T→0),• redundans i hårda grenar höjer H via klassisk parallell-tillförlitlighet (H_par = 1 − ∏(1−Hi)), och• kompetenstäckning/cross-training höjer M och förskjuter tD framåt samt kortar t₀−tR vid övningar. Tillsammans ger detta det observerade lyftet i T mellan scenarierna. Hur detta står sig mot aktuell kunskap. Litteraturen visar ett växande fält av indikatorbaserade resiliensmått och ramverk för kritisk infrastruktur, ofta additiva/viktade index och/eller på samhälls-/infrastrukturnivå. Vår cell-/linjenäratillämpning förenar mjuk×hård per aspekt till ett samlat T och binder det till driftstider (tF–tD–tR–t₀) och enkla känslighetsanalyser—vilket vi bedömer är ovanligt i praktiken och, såvitt vi ser i nyliga översikter, relativt unikt i sin kombination och konkreta genomförbarhet för små produktionsenheter. Styrning och införande. Metoden kan förankras i ISO 22301 (kontinuitetsledning) för att göra värdering och förbättring revisionsbar: indikatorer, övningsplaner och uppföljning av återställningstider kan kopplas direkt till BCM-processen. Detta underlättar införande i drift, löpande förbättring och rapportering. Metoden i rapporten ger konkreta och praktiska råd för en organisations nästa steg (3–6 månader) för att förstärka sin resiliens: 1. Eliminera nollor (dokumenterad PLC-återställning, minilager kritiska reservdelar, definierade materialersättare). 2. Redundans A/B för kritiska material/komponenter och verifierad oberoendegrad (geografi/logistik/ägande). 3. Kompetens & övning: dubbel bemanning på nyckelroller, månatliga switchover-övningar med logg av tF–tD–tR–t₀.4. Uppföljning: månadsvisa uppdateringar av T, Δ_delay, Δ_recovery och Aₒ; utvärdera åtgärdseffekt mot baslinje. Slutsats. Metoden ger enkel, jämförbar och åtgärdsdrivande kvantifiering av resiliens—från cellnivå till nätverk—och kan användas som beslutsstöd för prioritering av investeringar och rutiner. Den sammanlänkningen mellan mjuk och hård resiliens i ett enda mått, direkt kopplat till driftsmätpunkter, gör att organisationer kan se, mäta och förbättra det som annars förblir abstrakt. Den direkta och tydliga koppling som rapporten gör mellan att identifiera och kvantifiera ett systems resiliens ger denna metod en praktisk uppsättning verktyg och metoder för att effektivt övervaka och bygga upp ett systems resiliensförmåga. Vi anser oss därmed ha bidragit med en solid grund för att förstå och förbättra denna kritiska egenskap för alla sammanhang där människor är beroende av att system som levererar nytta verkligen gör det.
High reliance on fortified foods when optimizing diets of adolescents in Sweden for adequate vitamin D intake and climate sustainability
No full textThe global food system contributes roughly one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) making shifts towards more sustainable food consumption an imperative. Such diets also need to factor in nutrient requirements and cultural acceptability. Our aim was to simulate dietary changes for adolescents in Sweden to achieve the recommended intake (RI) for vitamin D while factoring in additional nutrients, cultural acceptability and keeping the diet within planetary boundaries for climate change. A baseline diet was estimated from Sweden’s national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17 (n = 3099, ages 11–18 years), which provided food intake via two 24-hour recalls. Intake data were linked to the Swedish Food Agency’s food composition database and GHGE estimates from the Research Institutes of Sweden’s (RISE) Food Climate Database. Linear programming was used to optimize the baseline diet to meet the RI for vitamin D (10 µg/day), reduce GHGEs to ≤ 1.7 kg CO2-equivalents/person/day, and minimize dietary changes from baseline to factor in cultural acceptability. A second optimization included 25 additional nutrients requirements. Both optimized diets met their respective requirements reducing GHGEs by 54 % but relied heavily on milk and yoghurt (fortified by law), which provided > 60 % of vitamin D intake. Both diets also required major shifts toward plant-based foods and the second optimization demanded a five-fold greater change in diet from baseline compared to first optimization. Results suggest that adolescents in Sweden can achieve RIs for vitamin D and other nutrients while greatly reducing diet-related GHGEs, though cultural acceptability may be a challenge. This study was funded by the Swedish Research Council (Grant no. 2022-06295) and Formas, the Swedish government research council for sustainable development (Grant no. 2022-01541).</p
Polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide aerogels for direct air capture
No full textAmine-functionalized sorbents are promising materials for direct air capture (DAC). Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels have higher electrical and heat conductivities than commonly studied aminated silica. These properties could jointly enhance the productivity of an associated CO2 separation process. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) rGO aerogels were fabricated, modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) at various mass ratios, and applied successfully as a CO2 adsorbent at different temperatures and pressures. The structure, morphology, and chemical properties of the aminated composite aerogels based on PEI-rGO were comparably characterized using elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The CO2 uptake performance of the PEI-rGO aerogels was assessed by analysis of the adsorption isotherms at 20 and 50 °C. The optimized PEI-rGO-71 (referring to 71 wt% PEI to the sample) exhibited the highest CO2 uptake across the tested CO2 pressure range (0.03–101 kPa), reaching 0.61 mmol CO2/g at the partial pressure of CO2 in ambient air (0.04 kPa). It showed a superior CO2 capture capacity compared to previously reported amine-modified graphene-based sorbents at ambient CO2 concentrationThis work was supported by the MistraTerraClean programme (Project No. 2015/31) of the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscopy images of (A) the parent aerogel (rGO-REF) with an inset showing the close view of the sample at a 1L scale, and (B) the aminated PEI-rGO-71 sorbent studied for DAC.Fig. 2. (A) CO2 adsorption isotherms of PEI-rGO aerogels and rGO-REF at 20 ◦C. (B) CO2 adsorption isotherms with PEI-rGO-71 measured at 50 ◦C (red line) and by repeated measurements at 20 ◦C (green lines). For the cycles, the same sample was used for degassing and CO2 adsorption tests.J. Ai et al. Chemical Engineering Journal 506 (2025) 1599633Environmental Research, and the Swedish Research Council (2021- 04472, NH). J.Y. is grateful for financial support from European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant PARIS-101043485 and Vinnova (Project No. 2023-02563).</p
Upphandling av immersiv teknik för utbildningsändamål : exemplet virtuellt slakteri
No full texturposes – Example Virtual SlaughterhouseThis report explores the procurement and implementation of immersive technologies, with a particular focus on Virtual Reality (VR), for educational purposes within the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and the Swedish Food Agency (SLV). The case study examines the concept of a “virtual slaughterhouse,” designed to complement and partially replace physical study visits required in veterinary education and food safety training.The background to this work lies in the increasing demand for veterinarians in Sweden and the practical challenges of offering sufficient training opportunities at physical slaughterhouses. Immersive technologies, and VR in particular, offer a potential solution by creating scalable, repeatable, and safe training environments that can simulate complex or rare situations, that students might not otherwise encounter.The report applies the Double Diamond model to structure the research process: discovering and defining the challenges faced by SLU and SLV, before developing and delivering proposed solutions. Theoretical sections introduce the reader to XR technologies (VR, AR, MR), headset classifications, content types (360° film, photogrammetry, interactive 3D environments), and pedagogical considerations. A review of international initiatives and existing virtual slaughterhouse solutions (e.g., in Finland, Denmark, and the UK) provides comparative insights.Key technical findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate hardware, ensuring interoperability through open standards (such as OpenXR and WebXR), and considering long-term management via Mobile Device Management (MDM) systems and integration with Learning Management Systems (LMS). Content creation is highlighted as a central challenge, requiring close collaboration between subject-matter experts and developers, as well as iterative prototyping to balance pedagogical value with technical performance.Legal and regulatory aspects are addressed, including GDPR-compliant data handling, workplace ergonomics, accessibility, intellectual property, and information security. Particular attention is paid to public procurement.The report concludes with practical recommendations for organizations considering VR in education and training. These include starting small with scalable tools, prioritizing pedagogical design over technological sophistication, collaborating with other institutions to share knowledge and reduce costs, and planning for long-term sustainability in terms of both technical standards and organizational competence. Keywords: Virtual Reality (VR), immersive technology, educat