Mid Sweden University
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Influence of spousal educational disparities on intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women : a study of 30 countries
No full textIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) during pregnancy poses a serious threat to maternal health, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite these known risks, the role of spousal educational differences in IPV during pregnancy remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine this influence, analyzing data from multiple countries across five continents. This study utilized data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) focusing on lower and LMIC countries. DHS employs two-stage sampling to gather comprehensive health data. Thirty countries from five regions were selected. Covariates like husband's age, residence, wealth, education, husband's working status, husband's education, and spousal educational gap were considered. Cross-sectional survey design was considered. Chi-square test was done to find the association between IPV and covariates. Binary logistic regression was used to assess whether the independent variable is related to spousal educational disparity and other covariates of IPV during pregnancy. Out of 152,643 (weighted) pregnant women from all five continents, 8357 (weighted) experienced IPV during pregnancy. IPV is most prevalent in Papua New Guinea (17.01%; 95% CI 15.76-18.38%)), while least prevalent in Cambodia (0.99%; 95% CI 0.88-1.10%)). Overall, the IPV prevalence was (5.47%; 95% CI 5.30-5.65%)). Educational disparity and socioeconomic factors play a significant role in encountering IPV during pregnancy. This study revealed complex, region-specific effects on violence likelihood, emphasizing implications for policymakers and practitioners addressing IPV. Education disparity emerged as a significant factor; lower-educated couples exhibit increased abusive behavior
"Vi går plus nu, men det gör ont i hjärtat, för då vet jag att min personal får springa fort". : En kvalitativ studie om hur första linjens chefer inom hemtjänsten hanterar balansen mellan resurser och omsorg
No full text2025-01-16</p
Assessment of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde for enhancing decay resistance and reducing caffeine leachability in Scots pine wood
No full textCaffeine-treated wood is valued for its decay resistance, but caffeine high leachability under outdoor conditions significantly reduces its long-term effectiveness. This study aimed to mitigate the leachability of caffeine-impregnated Scots pine wood by incorporating either formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. The treatments were evaluated using standard leachability analysis (EN 84), decay resistance testing (EN 113), mass spectrometry, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and mechanical testing. Leaching tests revealed that caffeine-glutaraldehyde-impregnated wood exhibited the lowest mass loss after leaching (3.30 ± 0.15%), outperforming caffeine-treated (6.18 ± 0.15%) and caffeine-formaldehyde-treated (5.94 ± 0.13%) specimens, indicating superior caffeine fixation. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy showed that characteristic caffeine bands diminished following leaching, confirming caffeine leachability. However, caffeine-glutaraldehyde-treated samples exhibited less pronounced spectral changes compared to caffeine-formaldehyde-treated samples. Mass spectrometry further corroborated these findings, detecting higher caffeine content in glutaraldehyde-treated wood than in caffeine-only specimens after leaching test. Decay resistance tests demonstrated that caffeine-glutaraldehyde-treated wood retained high resistance to fungal decay both before and after leaching. Mechanical tests revealed that the modulus of rupture (MOR) was preserved post-leaching only in caffeine-glutaraldehyde-treated samples. These findings highlight the effectiveness of low concentrations of glutaraldehyde in reducing caffeine leachability, thereby enhancing the decay resistance and durability of treated wood, making it a promising approach for outdoor applications.
Läroplansanalys : Läroplaners styrning och utbildningars praxis för förnybar energi och gränsöverskridande arbetskraft i Jämtland och Trøndelag
No full text The Swedish and Norwegian curricula for vocational education (VET) in electrical and energy technology show both similarities and differences that are important to consider in order to meet future labor market needs. Both countries emphasize sustainability and environmental considerations in their education, which is crucial for preparing students for the green transition. In Sweden, the Electrical and Energy Program is divided into different packages with specific credits for general subjects, program-specific subjects, specializations, and individual choices. Norway has a more integrated structure with common core subjects and program subjects that cover a certain number of hours per year. An important difference is that Sweden uses the term "renewable energy" in some courses within energy technology. At the same time, Norway includes renewable energy as part of the subject energy and control systems. Assessment in Sweden is course-based, while Norway has a more integrated assessment of competence goals.To ensure that vocational education can match the labor market needs, it needs to become more responsive and integrate digital technologies to support workforce transition. The educational programs should also include a deeper understanding of Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) to warrant that the workforce is well-prepared for environmental and safety requirements. Local educational initiatives are important to adapt education to regional labor markets, especially in rural areas such as Jämtland and Trøndelag. Collaboration between educational institutions, industries, and policymakers is crucial to meet future demands. Pilot projects and co-development between different actors are important to create new or alternative narratives and influence institutional decisions. By addressing these needs and consequences, educational systems can better prepare the workforce for the challenges and opportunities of the green transition. In summary, both the Swedish and Norwegian curricula focus on sustainability and the environment, but there are differences in structure (e.g., economy, teacher competence), terminology, and assessment methods that can affect how well they meet future labor market needs. Den svenska och norska läroplanerna för yrkesutbildning inom el- och energiteknik visar både likheter och skillnader som är viktiga att beakta för att möta framtidens arbetsmarknadsbehov. Båda länderna betonar hållbarhet och miljöhänsyn i sina utbildningar, vilket är avgörande för att förbereda eleverna för den gröna omställningen. I Sverige är El- och energiprogrammet uppdelat i olika paket med specifika poäng för gymnasiegemensamma ämnen, programgemensamma ämnen, inriktningar och individuella val. Norge har en mer integrerad struktur med gemensamma kärnämnen och programämnen som omfattar ett visst antal timmar per år. En viktig skillnad är att Sverige använder begreppet "förnybar energi" i vissa kurser inom energiteknik, medan Norge inkluderar förnybar energi som en del av ämnena energi och styrsystem. Bedömningen i Sverige sker i kurser, medan Norge har en mer integrerad bedömning av kompetensmål. För att yrkesutbildningen ska kunna matcha arbetsmarknadens behov behöver den bli mer responsiv och integrera digitala teknologier för att stödja arbetskraftens omställning. Utbildningsprogrammen bör också inkludera en djupare förståelse för miljö, hälsa och säkerhet (Enviroment, Health, and Safety, EHS) för att säkerställa att arbetskraften är väl förberedd för de miljömässiga och säkerhetsmässiga kraven. Lokala utbildningsinitiativ är viktiga för att anpassa utbildningen till regionala arbetsmarknader, särskilt i landsbygdsområden som Jämtland och Trøndelag. Samarbete mellan utbildningsinstitutioner, industrier och beslutsfattare är avgörande för att möta framtida krav. Pilotprojekt och samutveckling mellan olika aktörer är viktiga för att skapa nya eller alternativa berättelser och påverka institutionella beslut. Genom att adressera dessa behov och konsekvenser kan utbildningssystemen bättre förbereda arbetskraften för de utmaningar och möjligheter som den gröna omställningen medför. Sammanfattningsvis har både de svenska och norska läroplanerna ett starkt fokus på hållbarhet och miljö, men det finns skillnader i struktur (bl.a. ekonomi, lärarkompetens), terminologi och bedömningsmetoder som kan påverka hur väl de möter framtidens arbetsmarknadsbehov.Green-VE
Utveckling av Kupong Hantering System med hjälp av Node.js och MongoDB : Backendprogrammering för ett kuponghanteringssystem
No full textKuponghanteringssystem (CMS) blir ett alltmer populärare verktyg för företag som vill öka kundernas intresse och öka intäkterna. CMS:et tillåter företag att automatiskt hantera en stor mängd av användare, företag och kupong typer, och detta projekt syftar till att få fram ett sådant CMS. Rapporten presenterar utvecklingen av ett kuponghanteringssystem med hjälp av Node.js och MongoDB. Systemet är designat för att hantera en stor mängd användare, företag och kupongtyper. Projektet syftar till att undersöka kraven för ett sådant system och utveckla en prototyp som uppfyller dessa krav. Prototypen inkluderar en mobilapp för front-end som visar erbjudanden, tillgängliga kuponger och annan relevant information för inloggade kunder. Back-end-delen skapar och hanterar kuponger, kunder, företag och transaktioner. Projektet fokuserar huvudsakligen på back-end-aspekten av systemet. Resultaten visar att systemet kan hantera ett stort antal användare och kuponger, men att det finns utmaningar med skalbarhet och prestanda. Belastningstester visar att systemet klarar upp till 10 000 användare samtidigt, men att prestandan försämras vid högre belastning. Slutsatsen är att systemet är ett steg i rätt riktning, men att det krävs ytterligare utveckling och optimering för att uppnå full skalbarhet och prestanda. Projektet har också visat på vikten av att använda lämpliga verktyg och teknologier för att utveckla ett sådant system.The Coupon Management System (CMS) has become a well known tool among businesses that wants to increase customer attention and increase profits. The CMS automates the management of a large number of users, businesses, and coupon types, making it an important system for marketing strategies. This project aims to explore the requirements for such CMS:s and develop a prototype that meets these requirements. This report presents the development of a coupon management system using Node.js and MongoDB. The system is designed to handle a large number of users, companies, and coupon types. The project aims to investigate the requirements for such a system and develop a prototype that meets these requirements. The prototype includes a mobile app for the front-end that displays offers, available coupons, and other relevant information for logged-in customers. The back-end part creates and manages coupons, customers, companies, and transactions. The project focuses on the back-end aspect of the system. The results show that the system can handle a large number of users and coupons, but that there are challenges with scalability and performance. Load tests show that the system can handle up to 10,000 users simultaneously, but that performance degrades at higher loads. The conclusion is that the system is a step in the right direction, but that further development and optimization are needed to achieve full scalability and performance. The project has also demonstrated the importance of using suitable tools and technologies to develop such a system
Undervisning av lässtrategier kan överskugga ämnesinnehållet
No full textEn studie från Malmö universitet visar att när generella lässtrategier betonas i NO-undervisningen, för att utveckla elevernas läskunnighet, riskerar lärobokstexten att reduceras till pedagogiska exempel på lässtrategier. Därmed hamnar lässtrategierna i förgrunden medan det naturvetenskapliga innehållet hamnar i bakgrunden
Upplevelser av organiserad träning bland canceröverlevare – : En intervjustudie i Region Jämtland Härjedalen
No full textFysisk aktivitet (FA) bidrar till att främja hälsa och förebygga sjukdom. Begränsad kunskap finns om canceröverlevares upplevelser av organiserad träning vid cancer (TVC). Syfte: Att undersöka canceröverlevares erfarenheter och upplevelser av FA som genomförs i grupp med träningsledare på Friskis & Svettis (F&S). Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med nio informanter (fem kvinnor, fyra män), hösten 2024. Intervjuerna spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades med innehållsanalys. Resultat: TVC bidrar till upplevelser av fysiska framsteg, livsglädje, hantering av oro samt socialt stöd. TVC fungerade som en psykologisk strategi för att hantera livet efter cancerdiagnosen, vilket skapade känslor av hopp och en framtidstro. Träningsledarens roll och träningens flexibla utformning var av betydelse för deras positiva upplevelser och känslor av kontroll. Sammantaget, TVC bidrog till upplevelser av återhämtning och egenmakt som också förstärktes av den sociala gemenskapen. Slutsats: TVC bidrar till upplevelser av återhämtning och egenmakt, som också förstärks av den sociala gemenskapen och som kan framtidshopp, vilket understryker vikten av ett holistiskt perspektiv i rehabiliteringsprogram vid cancer.Betyg i Ladok 250116.</p
Needs and Expectations of Nurse‐Led Digital Support Among Parents of Children in Child Health Care
No full textIntroduction: Sweden has an extensive national child health care programme (CHCP) implying that all parents are offered support to raise their children and support them for healthy development. The programme is today built on personal physical contacts and digital components unusual. Although the digital world could be frightening and insecure, it also has benefits, because it is not dependent on face-to face meetings and is accessible more hours. In order to develop a digital channel to complement the CHPC, for the support of parents of children within child health care (CHC), parents' perspectives must be investigated. The aim of the study was therefore to describe parents' needs and expectations of digital support in the context of child health care. Methods: The study had a qualitative approach using workshop discussions with parents as data. The interview data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The main theme highlights that parents expected that a digital support channel would be something that might strengthen them towards independence concerning the care of their children, in a positive way. However, they also felt that they needed personal support and that relationships with other parents and the child health care nurse were significant and meaningful. Another parental desire that emerged was that a future digital channel would facilitate and simplify access to care and they suggested having both planned and urgent times available for parents to book. The digital channel was expected to make this possible and be a good complement to the physical contacts the traditional child health care currently offers. Discussion/Conclusions: The parents in this study believed that digital solutions could increase their parental power in relation to the care of their children. Examples were given as digital nurse-led parent groups where parents with similar problems and experiences around their children could support each other and were expected to strengthen them over time. The parents stressed that a planned digital support channel also needs satisfactory solutions for both contact and response and have bookable digital meetings for both planned and urgent needs
Health benefits of leisure-time physical activity by socioeconomic status, lifestyle risk, and mental health : a multicohort study
No full textBackground: Regular physical activity is recommended for all aged 5 years and older, but the health benefits gained might differ across population subgroups. The aim of this study was to examine these benefits in terms of years lived free from major non-communicable diseases in subgroups with varying levels of risk factors. Methods: Our analysis was based on a multicohort study of initially healthy European adults from the IPD-Work Consortium and initially healthy participants from the UK Biobank study. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity levels at baseline (1986–2010) were categorised as low (no or very little), intermediate (between low and recommended levels), and WHO-recommended (≥2·5 h of moderate or ≥1·25 h of vigorous physical activity per week). We divided the study population into 36 overlapping subgroups based on socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, and mental health at baseline, and assessed disease-free years between ages 40 years and 75 years for both the overall population and subgroups, accounting for coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Findings: 14 IPD-Work studies were assessed and six studies were excluded due to missing outcome data and unavailable data for pooling, resulting in the inclusion of eight studies with 124 909 participants. After the exclusion of 7685 participants due to prevalent diseases and 9265 due to missing data, the sample consisted of 107 959 initially healthy European adults (63 567 [58·9%] females and 44 392 [41·1%] males) from the IPD-Work consortium. For the UK Biobank sample, 9 238 453 million individuals were invited, 8 736 094 (94·6%) were non-respondents, and 502 359 participated in the baseline examination. After the exclusion of 73 460 participants, 428 899 participants had data on at least one measure of physical activity. 236 258 (55·1%) were female and 192 641 (44·9%) were male. During 1·6 million person-years at risk, 21 231 IPD-Work participants developed a non-communicable disease, while 101 319 UK Biobank participants developed a non-communicable disease over 4·8 million person-years at risk. Compared with individuals with low physical activity, those meeting the recommended physical activity levels during leisure-time gained an additional 1·1 (95% CI 1·0–1·2) to 2·0 (1·7–2·3) disease-free years, depending on sex and study. In males from the IPD-Work and UK Biobank cohorts, greater gains in disease-free years were observed in current smokers (2·4 [95% CI 2·1–2·8]) versus never smokers (0·7 [0·5–0·9]); those with low education (1·4 [1·1–1·7]) versus high education (0·8 [0·7–1·0]); low socioeconomic status (1·7 [1·5–2·0]) versus high socioeconomic status (0·9 [0·7–1·1]); and those with (1·6 [1·3–1·9]) versus without depressive symptoms (1·0 [0·9–1·1]; p value range <0·0001–0·0008). Similar differences were seen in women for smoking (2·3 [95% CI 1·9–2·7] vs 0·9 [0·7–1·1]), socioeconomic status (1·7 [1·4–2·0] vs 0·8 [0·5–1·0]), depressive symptoms (1·4 [1·1–1·7] vs 1·0 [0·9–1·1]), and for heavy drinkers compared with moderate drinkers (1·4 [1·1–1·6] vs 0·9 [0·7–1·1]; p value range <0·0001–0·010). No differences in physical activity-related health gains were observed between risk groups and non-risk groups by BMI, history of depression, and, in men, alcohol use (p value range 0·11–0·86). Interpretation: In addition to confirming the association between leisure-time physical activity and increased disease-free years across population subgroups, our findings show that these health benefits are often more pronounced among individuals with pre-existing health risks or disadvantaged backgrounds than in those with more favourable risk factor profiles. This suggests that enhancing population-wide physical activity initiatives could help reduce health disparities, while incorporating physical activity into targeted strategies addressing social disadvantage, unhealthy lifestyles, and depression might enhance their effectiveness. Funding: Wellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council, US National Institute on Aging, and Research Council of Finland.
