Mid Sweden University
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Medium Access Design for 5G and Beyond : Multi-Service Coexistence and Collaboration Strategies
No full textThe transition from 5G to beyond 5G presents fundamental challenges in medium access (MA) design, requiring efficient coexistence and collaboration across heterogeneous services. As networks evolve, MA strategies must become spectrally efficient to support diverse applications, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), and multi-user augmented reality (AR). To address these demands, this thesis proposes three non-orthogonal MA solutions: cooperative relaying for heterogeneous coexistence, collaborative transmissions for multi-user AR, and MA switching mechanisms for balanced multiservice integration. The first contribution introduces a cooperative relaying framework using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for primary-secondary coexistence. A novel piecewise-forward NOMA (PF-NOMA) protocol integrates decode-and-forward(DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying, dynamically adjusting power and time allocation based on real-time conditions. The second contribution focuses on latency-sensitive AR applications, wherehigh data rates, low latency, and energy efficiency are critical. A NOMA-based ratedistortion optimization framework is proposed, integrating adaptive power allocation to minimize video distortion while optimizing resource utilization. The third contribution advances radio access network (RAN) slicing by introducing a hybrid MA framework that integrates NOMA, rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA), and puncturing for efficient resource allocation across slices with competing quality of service (QoS) requirements. By balancing age of information (AoI) and throughput, the proposed solution ensures scalable and adaptive resource management for URLLC and eMBB services. Extensive mathematical modeling and simulation-based evaluations validate the proposed frameworks, demonstrating significant gains in spectral efficiency, reliability, and energy efficiency across diverse deployment scenarios. This work establishes a unified and adaptive MA paradigm, enabling seamless multi-service coexistence, fostering collaboration, and ensuring scalable resource allocation in future 5G and beyond networks.Vid tidpunkten för disputationen var följande delarbete opublicerat: delarbete 5 under granskning.At the time of the doctoral defence the following paper was unpublished: paper 5 Under Review.</p
Policy process theory development : Perspectives from European junior scholars
No full textThe development of policy process theories is progressing rapidly. Scholars increasingly apply these theories originated in the US to different contexts and continents, such as Europe. Furthermore, scholars at different career stages, including junior scholars, work on and with these theories. Focusing on junior scholars, this paper poses the following question: What are the key considerations of European junior scholars engaging in policy process theory development? We present three observations: The first observation refers to the general construction of a research project contributing to theory development. The second observation investigates how teaching policy process research and public policy, in general, can advance theory development. The third observation focuses on how to bridge the science-practice gap as a junior scholar working on policy process theories. The three observations highlight the potential of making use of your own agency as a junior scholar engaging in policy process theory development in Europe
Desirable Leadership : A Qualitative Study of the Perspectives of Young Adults in the Swedish Retail Sector
No full textEntering the labour market and conforming to the authority relations that characterize wage labour are central parts of becoming an adult. The aim of this qualitative study is to analyse desirable leadership from the perspective of young adult employees in the retail sector. Informants were asked to define what they view as leadership and describe what they desire leadership to be like. Interviews with 13 young adults (aged 18-28) in the Swedish retail sector, analysed with qualitative content analysis, revealed that desirable leadership meant participation and equal influence. This included the formal exercise of authority, provided that the authority considered the integrity and views of all subordinates. At the same time, leadership based on formal authority was desired. Two themes were identified as desired: leadership through cooperation, democracy and respect; and leadership through competence, command and objective feedback, summarized under the overarching theme of leadership based on professional competence and respect for individuals' integrity
Focus on One Swimming Stroke or Compete in Multiple : How Much Specialization Is Needed to Become a World-Class Female Swimmer?
No full textObjectives: To investigate performance development and variety in swimming strokes of female swimmers from early junior to elite age. Methods: A total of 194,788 race times of female 200 m swimmers representing 77 nations were ranked at peak performance age and clustered into world-class finalists (>850 swimming points), international-class (750–850), national-class (650–750) and regional-class swimmers (550–650). Annual best times for each swimming stroke were retrospectively extracted throughout adolescence from 13 years of age. Longitudinal performance development and differences between the swimmers’ main and their secondary swimming strokes were analyzed using linear mixed model. Results: World-class freestyle swimmers show significantly (p ≤ 0.042) higher swimming points across all age categories compared to international-, national- and regional-class swimmers. Linear mixed model analysis indicates a significant performance progression for international- and national-class freestyle swimmers up to the 19–20-year-old category (p ≤ 0.038), but an earlier plateau was observed for regional-class swimmers (p = 0.714). Comparing main and secondary swimming strokes, freestyle swimmers show the highest degree of specialization. For breaststroke and individual medleys, specialization increases with increasing performance level and the closer an athlete is to elite age. World-class butterfly and backstroke finalists show the lowest specializations in terms of the smallest number of significant differences compared to performances in their secondary swimming strokes. Conclusions: Higher ranked swimmers show a greater degree of specialization. As different specialization patterns are evident for the various swimming strokes, decision makers and talent specialists should align development guidelines accordingly and base them on the most advantageous combinations of swimming strokes
Collaborative Dynamics and Psychophysiological Variances in Teaching Methods Measured Through Teacher-Students Compliance : A Cross-Classified Multilevel Analysis
No full textThe present study connects broad educational conceptualizations of teaching method challenges with a detailed and innovative approach to students and teacher collaboration seen in cognitive stress measurements from wearable devices. The approach encompasses variances of collaborative performance in schools through uniquely correlated variables of temporal slopes that highlight the contrast between traditional teaching methods in front and active teaching that emphasize social groups and peer tutoring support. Such contrast may inform collaborative dynamics in education settings, as a stressful environment may serve as a condition that impair student learning and make teachers job more difficult. Each participant was given one wearable for their wrist in naturalistic setting, and a Bayesian cross-classified multilevel model building on posterior distribution between 46 teaching method clusters averaging 832s in length was utilized while accounting for within-level participant stress differences alongside contextual elements. Statistically significant results generally indicate benefits to more traditional teaching methods. Robust estimates were observed where students adapting to the teacher consequently increased their stress levels, emphasizing the importance of letting students actively dictate the mood and rhythm. The presented approach has potential to integrate with further research scaled up for automated contextualized adaptation
The transition to an activity-based workplace : Experiences of managers and employees from a sense of coherence perspective in public sector workplaces
No full textBackground The Activity-Based Workplace (ABW) is an increasingly popular office design that aims to facilitate new ways of working. Research focusing on the effects of ABWs on various outcomes is growing but there is a lack of studies looking at how managers and employees perceive the transition to ABWs from a salutogenic health-promotion perspective. This study aims to explore how managers and employees experienced a transition period to ABWs through the lens of a sense of coherence. Methods A qualitative design was applied through semi-structured interviews with six managers and focus group interviews with nine employees working in the public sector in Sweden. A content analysis of the interviews was conducted using Aaron Antonovsky’s sense of coherence concept, with the three main aspects of comprehensibility, meaningfulness and manageability acting as a theoretical framework for the analysis. Results Six sub-categories within the three main SOC categories were identified in the material and considered important to the participants during their transition to the ABW. The sub-categories were divided into facilitating factors and barriers to obtaining a sense of coherence. The identified factors were: information and preparation, clear rules, adaptability, leadership, social relations and health and well-being. Conclusions The analysis showed that the managers and employees were exposed to factors which may have acted as both facilitators and barriers to a sense of coherence during the transition to the ABW. When implementing ABWs, consideration must be given to the facilitators and barriers identified in this study during the transition process. The sense of coherence framework appears valuable for gaining a deeper knowledge of managers’ and employees’ experiences during the transition to ABW
Discourses on risk and community in three digital food networks in Sweden
No full textThis study employs critical discourse analysis to investigate three Swedish digital food networks–Matvärn (Food Defense), Potatisuppropet (The Potato Petition), and REKO Ring–and their website and social media texts. Two prominent types of discourse emerge from the material: risk discourses and community discourses. Matvärn and Potatisuppropet used an alarmist rhetoric, highlighting crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the loss of a culture where food production skills are transferred over generations. REKO Ring tended to focus on societal issues rather than crises, operating as an environmentalist network within conventional market trading. Both discourses were fueled by nostalgia, as the networks tended to gaze back and idealize past times and orders. Although all three networks could be described as ideological (though they differed in how explicit they were), they tended to use rational arguments rather than moral ones. Finally, though the networks have connections to the environmental movement, they differ from classical environmentalism in the sense that they highlight sustainability rather than ideals of justice and equality.
Från rojalister och patrioter till liberala och konservativa : Partibegrepp i Sverige 1788–1840
No full textWere there liberals and conservatives in Sweden from 1788 to 1840? This dissertation examines changing concepts of political partisanship. Under the late 18th-century Gustavian absolutist regime, the opposing political parties were conceptualized as royalists versus patriots. By the end of the period, liberals versus conservatives prevailed. However, previous research has tended to disregard historical party concepts. Many scholars have construed the antagonism of the time as “liberals” versus “conservatives” based on later meanings. Conversely, some have rejected the early uses of the party concept liberal as too contradictory or deviant from scholarly convention. This study recovers the original meanings with the help of the conceptual historical methodsof Reinhart Koselleck’s Begriffsgeschichte. It thus maps the hitherto neglected interplay between party concepts and political action. The results demonstrate how the conceptual pair of royalists versus patriots reflected two sides of the constitutional crisis that arose in the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–1790. They also show that it was not until the Diet of 1809–1810 that a more significant transformation of language and antagonism occurred. This paved the way for the predominance of another conceptualization: ministerial versus oppositional. Concurrently, from the revolution of 1809 and onwards, liberal was an important tool for legitimizing the new constitution and government. The references to liberal political principles invoked an expectation of progress toward liberal values. Political debates gradually became positioned around the mutual understanding of such a societal progression. However, in the 1820s and 1830s, the liberal political position was inverted. At the outset associated with the government under King Charles XIV John liberalism ultimately came to be identified with the opposition against it. It was not until 1840 that liberals and conservatives reflected a bipartisan and conventional, if not unambiguous, contemporary understanding of political antagonism in Sweden.Tillhörande dataset: https://doi.org/10.5878/3ehn-9881</p
Investigating the development of singlecrystal in the Ni-based Superalloy” IN718”by PBF-EB
No full textDenna masteruppsats undersöker utvecklingen av enkristallina (SX) mikrostrukturer i den nickelbaserade superlegeringen Inconel 718 (IN718) med hjälp av additiv tillverkning med pulverbäddsfusion och elektronstråle (PBF-EB). Forskningen undersöker hur processparametrar, såsom strålström, skanningshastighet och linjeförskjutning, påverkar den mikrostrukturella utvecklingen från fina kolonnformade (FC) korn till nära enkelkristallformationer (NSX). Ett systematiskt experimentellt tillvägagångssätt användes för att optimera tillverkningsprocessen med hjälp av kvalitativa och kvantitativa analyser, inklusive mikrostrukturellobservation och mekaniska egenskapsbedömningar. Viktiga resultat inkluderar identifiering av processfönster som bidrar till att uppnå SX-tendenser i IN718, vilket belyser den kritiska rollen för energitillförsel i mikrostrukturkontroll, där ett energiområde på 3,9 till 7,5 J/mm² och specifika kombinationer av strålhastighet och ström visade sig ge SX-tendenser. Även om det fortfarande finns utmaningar med att uppnå perfekta SX-strukturer, lägger denna studie grunden för att integrera PBF-EB i applikationer som traditionellt domineras av gjutning, vilket kan ge utvecklingsmöjligheter inom flyg- och högtemperaturtillverkning av komponenter.This Master thesis investigates the development of single-crystal (SX) microstructures in the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 (IN718) using Powder Bed Fusion Electron Beam (PBF-EB) additive manufacturing. The research explores how process parameters, such as beam current, scanning speed, and line offset, influence the microstructural evolution from fine columnar (FC) grains to near-single crystal (NSX) formations. A systematic experimental approach was employed to optimize the manufacturing process, using qualitative and quantitative analyses, including microstructural observation and mechanical properties assessments. Key findings include the identification of process windows conducive to achieving SX tendencies in IN718, highlighting the critical role of energy input in microstructure control, wherein an area energy range of 3.9 to 7.5 J/mm² and specific combinations of beam speed and current were shown to produce consistent SX tendencies. Although challenges in achieving perfect SX structures persist, this study lays the groundwork for integrating PBF-EB in applications traditionally dominated by directional casting, offering potential advancements in aerospace and high-temperature component manufacturing
